A sequential extraction procedure has been proposed for the evaluation of the speciation of heavy metals including Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn in sediments from mariculture area,and the speciation of heavy metals was separated and defined as acid soluble fraction,reducible fraction,fraction bound organic matter,fraction bound sulfides and residual fraction. Matrix effects of high salinity on the determination of heavy metals in sediments were eliminated by matrix matching and internal standard methods when inductively couple plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) were used,respectively. The results showed that the measured values of marine sediment reference materials were consistent with the standard values when the digestion solutions were determined after dilution. The extraction results of the prepositional extraction procedure and European Community Bureau of Reference Program (BCR) procedure were compared and the selectivity of extractants was investigated. The preliminary studies indicated that this sequential extraction procedure was applicable for evaluating the speciation of heavy metals in sediment with organic substances pollution and eutrophication,especially for fraction bound organic matter and fraction bound sulfides.

Objective:To investigate the expression of MHC class Ⅰ chain-related gene A(MICA) on different human tumor cells(K562,MCF-7,HR-8348,CNE-2,HeLa) and their sensitivity to NK cytotoxicity.Methods:Cytotoxicity of NK cells(isolated from 3 healthy persons) were detected by LDH releasing assay at different effect-to-target cell ratios(E∶T). The expression of MICA was measured by FACS.Results:Different level of MICA was detected on surface of tumor cell lines, anti-MICAmAb could partially inhibit the cytotoxicity of NK cells.Conclusion:NKG2D-MICA interaction can trigger the cytotoxicity of NK cells against tumor,NK cells can be a kind of effector cell for the treatment of some certain tumors.

Objective: By taking the holism and differentiation concepts of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as the guidance, physical, mental and workplace factors were recruited in the observation of depression in employees, and were systematically classified to establish a workplace-related Liver Meridian-depression scale, for providing an evaluation index for depression in employees. Methods: NVIVO 11 software was adopted to assort ancient TCM classics. Based on the holism and differentiation concepts of TCM and well-developed scales, the item pool was determined via brain storm and screened by Delphi method after classified; a Wechat questionnaire was handed out 240 times via the online system 'Wen Juan Xing', and the results were statistically analyzed by the SPSS 17.0 version software. Results: Five dimensions consisting of 80 items were obtained after classification, and 60 items were selected by Delphi method; a total of 216 questionnaires were returned and the return rate was 90%. Of which, 215 questionnaires were valid ones, and the valid rate was 99%. By exploratory factor analysis (EFA), 44 items were obtained, and the aggregate split-half reliability coefficient was 0.922. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the five dimensions, i.e. Liver Meridian, relevant meridians, basic psychological activities, work cognition and emotional reactions, was respectively 0.841, 0.842, 0.914, 0.836 and 0.839, indicating a content internal consistency. The score of each item was highly correlated with the corresponding dimension, and the intercommunity was between 0.474 and 0.801. Nine factors were generated, 2 in the dimension of Liver Meridian, 3 in the dimension of relevant meridians, 2 in the dimension of basic psychological activities, 1 in the dimension of work cognition, and 1 in the dimension of emotional reactions, and the load of each factor was between 0.438 and 0.859. The reliability and validity of the scale were well examined. Conclusion: The scale can be applied to evaluate the qi activities of Liver Meridian and depression symptoms related to workplace.

Nitrobenzene is one of the toxic compounds. Much work had focused on biodegradation of it sofar. Two main pathways for nitrobenzene biodegradation, oxidative and partial reductive pathways, were reviewed in this article. The mechanism of these pathways including involved enzymes and genes was introduce in details. Comparative analysis of the pathways would provide basis for the development and application of biodegradation technology for nitrobenzene and other organic pollutants.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of adriamycin in combination with hyperthermia on apoptosis and bcl-2 expression in the chronic leukemic cell line K562/AO2 in vitro.Methods The working con- centration of adriamycin against K562/AO2 determined by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was used to treat the chronic leukemic cell line K562/AO2 in vitro alone or in combination with hyperthermia induced using a hot water bath at 40,41 or 42℃.The inhibitory effect was evaluated by MTT assay.The apoptosis rates and bcl-2 ex- pression of K562/AO2 were determined by flow cytometry.Results The working concentration of adriamycin in the study was defined as its 50% inhibition concentration (IC50).A 60 min session of hyperthermia at 40℃,41℃or 42℃was associated with significant growth inhibition of the cell line K562/AO2.Adriamycin chemotherapy alone and with hyperthermia significantly inhibited the growth of K562/AO2.All treatments significantly increased apoptosis rates and down-regulated bcl-2 expression of the K562/AO2 cell line.Conclusion Adriamycin chemotherapy com- bined with 60 min sessions of hyperthermia showed significant suppression effect on K562/AO2 cell proliferation.The treatment can increase apoptosis rates and down-regulate bcl-2 expression.

OBJECTIVETo explore the analgesic mechanism of small knife needle for treating transverse process syndrome of the third vertebra (TPSTV) by observing peripheral and central changesof β-endorphin (β-EP) and enkephalin (ENK) contents.

METHODSTotally 30 Japanese white big-ear rabbits of clean grade were divided into 5 groups according to random digit table, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the small knife needle group, the electroacupunture (EA) group, and the small knife needle plus EA group, 6 in each group. The TPSTV model was established by inserting a piece of gelatin sponge into the left transverse process of 3rd lumbar vertebrae. Rabbits in the small knife needlegroup were intervened by small knife needle. Those in the EA group were intervened by EA at bilateralWeizhong (BL40). Those in the small knife needle plus EA group were intervened by small knife needleand EA at bilateral Weizhong (BL40). Contents of β-EP and ENK in plasma, muscle, spinal cord, and hypothalamus were determined after sample collection at day 28 after modeling.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, contents of β-EP and ENK in plasma and muscle increased significantly, and contents of β-EP and ENK in spinal cord and hypothalamus decreased significantly in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Contents of β-EP and ENK approximated normal levels in the three treatment groups after respective treatment. Compared with the model group, the content of β-EP in muscle decreased, and contents of β-EP and ENK in hypothalamus increased in the three treatment groups after respective treatment (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference among the three treatment groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSmall knife needle treatment and EA had benign regulation on peripheral and central β-EP and ENK in TPSTV rabbits. Small knife needle treatment showed better effect than that of EA.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Enkephalins ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; pathology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Needles ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism ; Spinal Diseases ; therapy ; beta-Endorphin ; metabolism

Objective:To study the effects of miR-20a on the osteogenic differentiation potential of inflammatory periodontal liga-ment cells(IPDLSCs).Methods:Cells were isolated and cultured from the healthy and inflammatory periodontal ligament samples (HPDLSCs and IPDLSCs)respectively.miR-20a expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR.Alizarin red staining,Western blot and PCR were used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation potential of IPDLSCs after transient transinfection of miR-20a mimics or inhib-itor.Results:miR-20a expression in IPDLSCs was lower than that in HPDLSCs,and the osteogenic differentiation potential of IP-DLSCs were promoted by miR-20a mimics,and reduced by miR-20a inhibitor.Conclusion:The miR-20a in IPDLSCs was down reg-ulated.miR-20a can promote the osteogenic differentiation potential of IPDLSCs.

Objective To evaluate the characteristics and clinical suitability of the ArcCHECK diode array for volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) verification.Methods The intrinsic sensitivity,short and long term reproducibility,dose and dose rate dependence,dose per pulsed dependence,field sizes dependence and directional response of the diodes were measured.The results of the diodes were compared with the measurement results of an ionization chamber and calculated results of treatment planning system.Gamma index was used to analyze the dose difference between the calculation and measurement for random selected 211 verified VMAT plans.Results The ArcCHECK performed well for all tests except directional dependence,which varies from a minimum of-3.9％ (seen only when the beam was incident on the diode at 180°) to a maximum of 7.7％ (approximately at 255°).Average gamma analysis passing rates with 3 mm/3％ for 113 nasopharyngeal cancer,48 cervical cancer and 50 rectal cancer patients VMAT plans were 93.5％,95.7％ and 97.5％,respectively,statistical significance has been found between either two of the groups (t=-12.69-4.88,all P＜ 0.01).Conclusions With proposed calibration method,the ArcCHECK diode array is very suitable for VMAT pretreatment verification,the complexity of VMAT plan is the main factor affecting the passing rate.

To investigate the impact of respiratory movement to determine the target volume on cone beam CT (CBCT) for lung tumor, we used CIRS dynamic thorax phantom (Model-CIRS008) to simulate the sinusoidal motion of lung tumor. With a constant amplitude, the ratio of the time of near-end-expiratory and near-end-inspiratory (E/I) changed when it was scanned with CBCT. We analyzed the contrast changes of target by extracting the CT value of each pixel on the center line of the target movement direction. The targets were contoured with region growing method and compared with the motion volume generated by the tumor trajectory method. The result showed that the contrast of near-end-expiratory increased and the contrast of near-end-inspiratory decreased with increasing E/I. The contoured volume generated by region growing method decreased with increasing E/I. When E/I = 4, the amplitude A = 1 cm, diameter of 1 cm and 3 cm target volumes were reduced by 48.2% and 22.7%. The study showed that CBCT was not suitable to be used to accurately determine the range of lung tumor movement. The internal target volume (ITV) may be underestimated in CBCT images.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Movement ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Respiration

AIM: To analyze the effect factors of trabeculectomy combined with intraoperative application of mitomycin C in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma.
METHODS: Fifty patients (50 eyes) with neovascular glaucoma collected from January 2013 to August 2015 in our hospital were treated by trabeculectomy combined with intraoperative application of mitomycin C. Single factor and multi factor variables analysis were used for effect factors of trabeculectomy combined with intraoperative application of mitomycin C in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma.
RESULTS: By results of single factor variable analysis,< 50 years old, preoperative intraocular pressure ( IOP) was ≥45mmHg and postoperative occurrence of anterior chamber hemorrhage were risk factors for treatment failure ( P < 0. 05 ), and gender, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and previous cataract surgery and prior photocoagulation were not the risk factors for failure (P>0. 05 ). By multivariate analysis, < 50 years old and postoperative occurrence of anterior chamber hemorrhage were risk factors for treatment failure ( P < 0. 05 ), and preoperative IOP≥45mmHg was not a risk factor (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: For patients < 50 years old with neovascular glaucoma, should be careful on the selection of surgical treatment. For high- risk patients, we should strengthen the monitoring and give timely intervention, which are helpful to improve the prognosis.