Objective To compare the efficacy and predictability of sphere-cylinder-combined LASIK and two-zone cross-cylinder LASIK for the correction of moderate and high astigmatism.Design Prospective,comparative case series.Participants 40 eyes of 35 patients with mixed astigmatism undergoing LASIK.Methods All patients were treated with Visx Star IV LASIK system.20 eyes of 19 cases were used for sphere-cylinder combined LASIK mode and 20 eyes of 16 cases for two-zone-cross-cylinder LASIK mode.All sub- jects were followed more than 6 months.Main Outcome Measures Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA),spherical diopter,residual astigmatism and corneal thickness.Results For the patients who received two-zone-cross-cylinder LASIK mode,the UCVA at 6 months after surgery was 0.5 or above,and 13 eyes (65.0%) were 1.0 or above. For the patients who received sphere-cylinder-combined LASIK mode,the UCVA at 6 months after surgery was 0.5 or above,and 11 eyes (55.0%) was 1.0 or above (P=0.683).The residual astigmatism for the patients received sphere-cylinder-combined LASIK mode was (1.15?1.00)D,while for the patients received cross-cylinder LASIK mode was (1.13?0.62)D(P=0.045).The remotion depth of cornea for sphere-cylinder-combined LASIK mode and cross-cylinder LASIK mode was (36.73?13.12)?m and (15.60?6.85)?m,respectively (P= 0.031).Condusion The UCVA,residual astigmatism and corneal thickness after surgery in two-zone-cross-cylinder LASIK mode were better than that in sphere-cylinder-combined LASIK mode for the correction of moderate and high astigmatism.

Background Lasein situ keratomileusi(LASIK) imainstream surgery forefractive correction,and femtosecond laseimuch often used to create thin corneal flap.The measuremenof OPTOVUE RTVue-100 OCto flap and stromal bed thicknesseofferuseful basifoLASIK.Ican be used in measuring the thicknesand shape of the corneal flap.Buthe study on the comparison of flap thicknesbetween WavelighFS200 femtosecond laseand MoriM2 microkeratome 90 μm-knife (Mori90 microkeratome) LASIK by OCilack.Objective The aim of thitrial wato compare the featureof corneal flapcreated by the WavelighFS200 femtosecond laseand Mori90 microkeratome.Methodpiloand prospective study wadesigned.Written informed consenwaobtained from each patienprioto LASIK.Sixty righeyeof 60 patientwith myopiomyopiastigmatism were enrolled in thiclinical trial.The patientwere randomized into the FS200 femtosecond lasegroup and Mori90 microkeratome group with matching demography.RTVue OCwaused to measure flap thicknesusing 10 settingon the 60 eye1 month afteoperation.The featureof the LASIK flapwere analyzed based on the measuring outcomes.ResultThe central flap thickneswa(112±3) μm and the mean flap thickneswa(112 ±3) μm in the FS200 femtosecond lasegroup,which wasignificanlowethan the central flap thicknesa(121±7) μm and the mean flap thicknesa(128±11) μm in the Mori90 microkeratome group respectively (P=0.031,0.030).Corneal flapin the FS200 femtosecond lasegroup showed flashape and thain the Mori90 microkeratome group wameniscushape.The central flap thickneswanoevidently differenfrom thaof peripheral thicknesin the FS200 femtosecond lasegroup (P =0.320).However,in the Mori90 microkeratome group,the central flap thickneswaobviously thinnethan thain the peripheral thicknes(P=0.038).The mean deviation between the actual and predicted flap thicknes(110 μm) wa(3±4)μm in the FS200 femtosecond lasegroup and (17±10) μm in the Mori90 microkeratome group,showing significandifference between them (P =0.009).ConclusionRTVue OCdeterminethathe shape of flapcreated by the FS200 femtosecond laseimore uniform and closeto the expected thicknesof 110 μm than the onecreated by the Mori90 microkeratome.OPTOVUE RTVue-100 OCiuseful tool to evaluate the flap shape and thicknesafteLASIK.

BACKGROUNDThin-flap laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is the new trend of refractive error correction surgery, the formation of corneal flap is crucial for a success of LASIK surgery. This study aimed to assess and compare the variations of LASIK flap created by the IntraLase femtosecond laser, Moria One Use-Plus SBK and Moria M2 Single-Use 90 µm-head microkeratome using Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (Visante OCT).

METHODSOne hundred and sixty-one eyes of 81 consecutive patients were enrolled in this prospective study and randomly divided into three groups depending on the flap creation method: flap creation with the the IntraLase femtosecond laser (IntraLase group, 59 eyes), flap creation with the Moria One Use-Plus SBK (SBK group, 44 eyes), and flap creation with the Moria M2 Single-Use 90 µm-head microkeratome (M2SU90 group, 58 eyes). The nominal flap thickness was 110 µm for all patients and for the three devices. One month after surgery, Visante OCT was used to measure the flap thickness at 20 locations on each cornea and the results were assessed for uniformity, regularity, and accuracy.

RESULTSAt 1 month after surgery, the mean central flap thickness was (111 ± 3) µm in the IntraLase group, (114 ± 8) µm in the SBK group, and (118 ± 13) µm in the M2SU90 group respectively. The flaps in the IntraLase group and the SBK group were more regular, showing an almost planar configuration, than the meniscus-shaped flaps in the M2SU90 group. The maximum deviation from the intended flap thickness (110 µm) was 6 µm in the IntraLase group, 10 µm in the SBK group, and 20 µm in the M2SU90 group respectively. A difference greater than 20 µm was observed in 0.42% of measurements in the IntraLase group; 2.95% of the measurements in the SBK group and 21.12% of measurements in the M2SU90 group.

CONCLUSIONSThe flaps created by the IntraLase femtosecond laser and Moria One Use-Plus SBK are more uniform; more regular, and more accurate than those created by the Moria M2 Single-Use 90 µm-head microkeratome. The first two methods can make precise flaps for Sub-Bowman Keratomileusis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

OBJECTIVETo develop an epiphyseal slide-traction plate in child, which can supply the fracture a sufficient internal fixation, and will not restrain the growth of epiphyses. Animal experiments were carried out with the plates to compare the slide-traction with traditional plate.

METHODSDevelop a slide-traction plate for the configuration of the femur condylus of children. Thirty adolescent goats in the experiment were divided into control group (12 goats) and plate group (18 goats). In plate group, right femurs of goats were fixed with common plates and the left femurs with slide-traction plates. All the goats were given X-ray examination at different time after surgery. And the goats were sacrificed at 3 and 6 month, histological method and electron microscopy were performed to evaluate the development of epiphyseal plate.

RESULTSThe both femurs of the goats in control group have no difference in evidence in length at all time we examined. And the both femurs of the goats fixed with plates have no difference in evidence in length at 1 day after surgery. However, the both femurs of the goats fixed with plates have difference in evidence in length at 1 month, 2 month, 3 month, 6 month after surgery. The increased length of the femurs at I month, 2 month, 3 month, 6 month after surgery was also compared with the length at 1 day after surgery, there was difference in evidence between the right femurs of the control group and the femurs were fixed with common plates, but no difference in evidence between the left femurs of the normal control group and the femurs were fixed with slide-traction plate (P > 0.05). More thicker epiphyseal plate were found in the left femurs than the right femurs of the group fixed with plates at 3 and 6 month after surgery (P < 0.01). In the plate group, safranine O staining showed epiphyseal plates at the left femurs had more fuscous staining than the right femurs at 3 and 6 month after surgery and electron microscopy also found that the cells of the epiphyseal plates of left femurs were more eugenic than the right femurs at 3 and 6 month after surgery.

CONCLUSIONThe epiphyseal slide-traction plate can slide with the growth of epiphyses, which is suitable for fixation of the fracture in this part.

Animals ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Femur ; cytology ; diagnostic imaging ; growth & development ; surgery ; Goats ; Growth Plate ; cytology ; diagnostic imaging ; growth & development ; surgery ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Male ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Radiography ; Traction

Background and Objectives: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) are promising candidates for cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine or other diseases due to their superior characteristics, including higher proliferation, faster self-renewal ability, lower immunogenicity, a noninvasive harvest procedure, easy expansion in vitro, and ethical access, compared with stem cells from other sources. Methods: and Results: In the present study, we knocked down the expression of SOX9 in HUC-MSCs by lentivirus interference and found that knockdown of SOX9 inhibited the proliferation and migration of HUC-MSCs and influenced the expression of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8), growth factors (GM-CSF and VEGF) and stemness-related genes (OCT4 and SALL4). In addition, the repair effect of skin with burn injury in rats treated with HUC-MSCs transfected with sh-control was better than that rats treated with HUC-MSCs transfected with shSOX9 or PBS, and the accessory structures of the skin, including hair follicles and glands, were greater than those in the other groups. We found that knockdown of the expression of SOX9 obviously inhibited the expression of Ki67, CK14 and CK18. Conclusions In conclusion, this study will provide a guide for modifying HUC-MSCs by bioengineering technology in the future.

This study is to investigate the protective effects of the SB203580 against radiation induced mortality and intestinal injury of mice. A total of 67 male C57BL/6 mice (20.0-22.0 g) were matched according to body weight and randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, total body irradiation exposure (IR, 7.2 Gy) only, and IR (7.2 Gy) + SB203580 (15 mg x kg(-1)). 30 days survival rate was observed in the experiment. In intestinal injury experiment, the expression levels of caspase-3, Ki67, p53 and p-p38 were assayed in the mice intestine crypts. The results showed that the 30 days survival rate was 100% (control), 0 (IR) and 40% (IR+ SB203580), separately. Compared to the IR groups, the positive cells of caspase-3, p53 and p-p38 in crypt cells decreased 33.00%, 21.78% and 34.63%, respectively. The rate of positive cells of Ki67 increased 37.96%. Significant difference was found between all of them (P < 0.01). SB203580 potently protected against radiation-induced lethal and intestinal injury in mice, and it may be a potential radio protector.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Imidazoles ; pharmacology ; Intestines ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pyridines ; pharmacology ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; metabolism ; mortality ; pathology ; Radiation-Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; Whole-Body Irradiation ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

Objective To study the characteristics of stress distributions on a customized lingual self-locking orthodontic appliance under transient occlusal force and optimize its structure. Methods A whole 3D model including denture, appliances and wire was established by CT scanning, reverse engineering method and CAD technology; transient nonlinear dynamic analysis on this model during occluding and its structural optimization were conducted, and the optimized lingual appliance was made based on rapid prototyping technology to verify reliability of the finite element model. Results The equivalent stress on the bracket bottom was larger than that on other parts of the bracket; the maximum equivalent stress on the bracket cover was decreased by 60.9% after installing a reinforcing rib on it, which could effectively prevent stress concentration caused by the contact between the arch wire and bracket cover. The simulation results fundamentally agreed with the loading experiment on the bracket cover. Conclusions For lingual orthodontic treatment in clinic, the relative position between interaction points of the occlusal force and brackets should be concerned so as to avoid impairing the self-locking function; through optimizing the appliance design, the elastic potential energy of arch wire can be transferred more effectively to the teeth and reduce losses of the orthodontic force.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of Sangsuyin on airway inflammation in asthmatic rats by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） pathway. Method:Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group （n=8） and an experimental group （n=40）. Asthma model was induced in the rats of the experimental group which were further divided into the following five groups according to a random number table： a model group， a dexamethasone group （0.005 g·kg^-1），and low- （2.1 g·kg^-1）， medium- （4.2 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose （8.4 g·kg^-1） Sangsuyin groups. The drugs were all dissolved in normal saline at 0.01 L·kg^-1. The rats in the model group and the normal group received normal saline （ig） at 0.01 L·kg^-1. The drug treatment was carried out once per day， for a total of 7 days. The grades of allergic reactions were compared among the groups after intervention. The levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β），tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， and interferon-γ（IFN-γ） in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissues，and the inflammatory cell infiltration scores of lung tissues were compared. The mRNA expression of TLR4 and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） was detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence-based reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The expression of TLR4，NF-κB， and the level of phosphorylated NF-κB （p-NF-κB） were detected by Western blot. Result:The success rate of modeling was 95.00%. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed a higher grade of allergic reaction and more severe pathological changes of lung tissues，and the groups with drug intervention exhibited relieved conditions. The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum and BALF were higher in the model group than in the normal group，and lower in the groups with drug intervention than in the model group （P<0.01）. The level of IFN-γ in the serum and BALF was lower in the model group than in the normal group，and higher in the groups with drug intervention than in the model group （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The inflammatory cell infiltration score，mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 and NF-κB，and the mRNA level of p-NF-κB were higher in the model group than in the normal group，and lower in the groups with drug intervention than in the model group （P<0.01）. Conclusion:Sangsuyin could inhibit allergic reactions，lung tissue lesions， and airway inflammation in asthmatic rats. It is speculated that this effect is achieved by inhibiting the TLR4 pathway，down-regulating the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 and NF-κB，and reducing the level of p-NF-κB.angsuyin can inhibit allergic reaction，lung tissue lesions and airway inflammation in asthmatic rats. It is speculated that this effect is achieved by inhibiting TLR4 pathway，down regulating the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4，NF-κB，and reducing the levels of p-NF-κB.

Objective: To investigate the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and substance use behaviors among lesbians to provide a scientific basis for high-risk population identification and formulation of targeted intervention measures. Methods: Lesbians who participated in routine AIDS voluntary counseling, testing services, activities, and peer recommendations were recruited from July to December 2018, with the help of LesPark in Beijing. Convenient sampling method was used. Demographic characteristics, ACE, and substance use behaviors of subjects were investigated using an online platform powered by www.wjx.cn. Subsequently, the associations between ACE and adulthood substance use behaviors were evaluated using the logistic regression model. The SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 294 lesbians were recruited in the study, 81.3% (239/294) of them were lesbians, and 18.7% (55/294) were bisexuals. Besides, 55.8% (164/294) of subjects reported they had had ACE, with proportions of lesbians experiencing abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction as 33.3% (98/294), 24.5% (72/294), and 32.7% (96/294), respectively. 55.1% (162/294) of the lesbians reported they had smoked in the past 30 days, 11.2% (33/294) reported having drug-use behavior in the past three months, and 22.8% (67/294) claimed drinking alcohol weekly. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lesbians with ACE were at high risks to smoke (OR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.13-3.08), drink (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.18-3.84), and use drugs (OR=3.33, 95%CI: 1.29-8.61) in adulthood. Moreover, lesbians with childhood family dysfunction were at higher risk of smoking cigarettes (OR=2.60, 95%CI: 1.46-4.62) and drinking alcohol (OR=2.65, 95%CI: 1.44-4.87). At the same time, those with abuse experience were at higher risk of drug use (OR=3.17, 95%CI: 1.26-7.96). Conclusions: Substance use behaviors, including cigarette smoking, drinking alcohol, and drugs use, were common among lesbians. Positive associations were found between ACE and adulthood substance use behaviors.
Adult ; Adverse Childhood Experiences ; Child ; Child Abuse/psychology* ; Female ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Substance-Related Disorders/psychology*

OBJECTIVE: Sorafenib has been extensively used for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and Chinese herbal medicine has also been used to manage advanced HCC. The present work evaluates the effectiveness and safety of Jiedu (JD) Granule, a compound of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, side-by-side with sorafenib for the treatment of advance HCC. METHODS: Patients with advanced HCC receiving treatment with JD Granule or sorafenib were enrolled from December 2014 to March 2018. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and safety. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to control for possible selection bias from the study group allocation process. RESULTS: Of the 325 patients included, 161 received JD Granule and 164 received sorafenib. No significant differences were found in OS or PFS among patients receiving JD Granule compared to sorafenib (P > 0.05). Median OS of the two study groups was 6.83 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.83-9.47) in the group receiving JD Granule and 8 months (95% CI: 6.67-9.80) in the group receiving sorafenib, with half-, 1- and 2-year survival rates of 53.6%, 31.2% and 13.2% vs 60.1%, 35.5% and 14.2%, respectively. Even after PSM, the median survival time did not differ between the JD Granule group (9.03 months; 95% CI: 6.37-14.2) and the sorafenib group (7.93 months; 95% CI: 6.5-9.97), with comparable half-, 1- and 2-year survival rates. The most common adverse events (AEs) were diarrhea (13.7%) and fatigue (5.6%) in the JD Granule group, and hand-foot skin reaction (46.3%) and diarrhea (36.6%) in the sorafenib group. The JD Granule was more cost-effective than sorafenib treatment for advanced HCC. CONCLUSION Compared to sorafenib, JD Granule was more cost-effective and caused fewer AEs for the treatment of Chinese patients with advanced HCC.