Community health service is an effective measure to relieve the difficult medical services and expensive medical cost problem,but community inhabitants in Chongqing make little use of community health service.The actual cause is that people s degree of trust in community health service is low.In view of existing situation,this article analyzes the various factors that influence community residents' degree of trust in community health service and puts forward corresponding policy proposal.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for benign sustainable development of traditional Chinese and ethnic medicine enterprises in Guizhou. METHODS:Taking 129 traditional Chinese and ethnic medicine enterprises of 9 city and prefecture in Gui-zhou as survey object,questionnaires survey was conducted in 55 enterprises by stratified sampling according to location. The data statistical analysis was carried out in respects of related policies familiarity,product positioning,independent innovation from 2009 to 2013. Relevant development countermeasures were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:45.1% of enterprises ex-pressed to know and be familiar with relevant policies,51.0% expressed to alert but only understand,and 3.9% said largely un-known. At the past five years,the annual output value and sales revenue of enterprises had risen year by year. Almost 80% produc-tion and technical personnel of enterprises had the junior title or no title;marketing department staff mainly had college and second-ary school degree,accounting for 47.5% and 25.3% respectively;research personnel mainly had bachelor and college degree,ac-counting for 57.0% and 33.7% respectively. At the past five years,independent innovation input took up 2.4% of sales revenue av-eragely. There are problems,such as small and medium enterprises occupying dominate position;enterprises lacking of sufficient understanding on related policies;strategies being adjusted slowly;independent innovation input intensity needing to increase. Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as strengthening the relevant policy advocacy,guiding corporate mergers and acquisitions,closely paying attention to industry development,changing innovation ideas,and attaching importance to research of exclusive production of essential medicine.

Objective To investigate effects of early administration of high-dose rosuvastatin(40 mg) on coronary microvascular function and short-term outcome in patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction(AMI). Methods Ninety-four consequent AMI patients treated with primary PCI were divided into rosuvastatin group (50 patients) and control group (44 group). The infarct-related artery flow of epicardium was classified in compliance with the TIMI criteria. Myocardial and microvascular perfusion was assessed using the TMPG. The incidence of the MACE and the cytotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of rosuvastatin was respectively recorded in 30 d follow-up period. Results Either patients in the rosuvastatin group or in the control group showed better TMPG immediately after PCI (P<0.05), compared with that before treatment. However, the post-PCI TMPG of the rosuvastatin group was obviously much better than that of control group (P<0.05). Compared with that in control group, the 30-day composite MACE rate was lower in rosuvastatin group and in the TMPG 3 patients of rosuvastatin group:12.0%(6/50) vs. 34.1%(15/44), P<0.05;11.1%(3/27) vs. 42.9%(6/14). There was no cytotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in two groups. Conclusions Early administration of high-dose rosuvastatin (40 mg) can improve coronary microvascular function and short-term outcome in patients treated with primary PCI for AMI, and it is efficient and safety.

Objective To compare the sclerotherapic effects of different concentrations of lauromacrogol on endometrial cyst models in rats in two ways :10 minutes retention with extraction and retention without extraction .Methods Ninety SD rats after modeling were randomly divided into three groups :group A ,10 minutes retention with extraction;group B ,retention without extraction;group C , normal saline .While both A and B group were randomly divided into four subgroups with different concentrations :1% ,0 5.% ,0 2.5% ,and 0 1.25% . Seven days after treatment the cure rates and histopathological changes were observed .Results Cure rates in group A were 86 7.% ,71 4.% ,50% and 20% ;in group B were 100% ,100% ,87 5.% and 37 5.% .In both A and B groups ,the cure rates were not significantly different between 1% ,0 5.% and 0 2.5% concentration subgroups ( P >0 0.5) ,the cure rates of these subgroups in group B had statistical significance with 0 1.25% concentration subgroups and the saline control group( P <0 0.5) ,but there were no significant difference between 0 2.5% and 0 1.25% concentration subgroups in group A .Compared the differences of the cure rates among the same concentration subgroups , it had no statistical significance in groups A and B of 1% and 0 1.25% concentration subgroups( P >0 0.5) , but between 0 5.% and 0 2.5% concentration subgroups ,it had statistical significance( P <0 0.5) .Conclusions It will be conductive to enhancing the sclerotherapic effect if the lauromacrogol concentration remains above 0 2.5% and does not be extracted from the cyst models .

Three encoding sequence genes (Lab, 3C, 3D) from 19 isolates of O-serotype of foot and mouth disease virus(FMDV) were down-loaded from GenBank. And the coding and amino acid sequences of 3 FMDV proteases (Lpro, 3Cpro, 3Dpol) were compared with the FMDV OA/58 serotype Lab, 3C, 3D sequences abstracted in our laboratory and qualified by variance analysis and multiple analysis(Duncan method). The experimental results revealed that the Lab, 3C and 3D genes had similar nucleotide mutation rates(P>0.05). However, overall analysis of the amino acid substitutions revealed that the Lpro- coding region was more prone to amino acid alterations than 3Cpro and 3Dpol- coding regions(P<0.01), but via multiple comparison, at the amino acid mutation, both 3Cpro and 3Dpol showed no significant difference. Depending on Swiss--pdb-Viewer sofe to simulate amino acid alterations at mutation hotspots, the findings showed that these alterations at hotspots failed to ruin the spatial structures of these 3 proteases. This result presents that the nucleotide mutation just acts on dynamics related to FMDV mutation, but the real evolutionary power must depend on the infected host cells to select functions with each viral proteases.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have beneficial effects on the treatment of various diseases. Mitochondria transfer is newly proposed and its specific mechanisms of action and control factors remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To review the studies about stem cells and mitochondrial transfer, then to discuss its value on clinical.
METHODS:The PubMed, VIP and Wanfang databases were searched for related articles concerning stem cells and mitochondrial transfer. Key words were“stem cell, embryonic stem cell, progenitor cell, mitochondria”in Chinese and“Stem cell[s], Mother cell[s], Progenitor cell[s], Colony-Forming Unit[s], Colony Forming Unit[s], Mitochondria[l] transfer”in English. Thirteen articles were found initial y, and using the citation tracking method, final y 42 articles were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Studies have shown that mitochondrial transfer from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is associated with rescue of aerobic respiration and restoration of mitochondrial function in the injured somatic cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and recipient cells form tunneling nanotubes for mitochondrial transfer. Movement of mitochondria between cells is regulated and directed by Miro1. The successful transfer of mitochondria may be accompanied with the clearance of damaged mitochondria. The rescue of mitochondrial function in early stages may provide a valuable therapeutic strategy for various diseases include acute lung injury.

Objective To analyze the change of disease spectrum and the direct cause of death in Xi'an Children's Hospital emergency patients in the past 2 years.Methods The cases of death in 130 emergency cases from 2009 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The main causes of death in 2009 were pneumonia,congenital heart disease,asphyxia,neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage and intracranial hemorrhage.Meanwhile,The main cause of death in 2010 were pneumonia,asphyxia,viral encephalitis,congenital heart disease and neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage,which significantly changed compared with 2009.Major direct causes of death were found:respiratory failure in 25 cases (27.5％),heart failure in 17 patients ( 18.7％ ),shock in 17patients ( 18.7％ ),asphyxia in 16 cases ( 17.5％ ),and hernia in 16 cases ( 17.5％ ),Conclusion In order to reduce the mortality rate of emergency patients,we should strengthen health care,actively manage pulmonary infection,systemic infection,and shock,control heart failure,and prevent aspiration.

BACKGROUND: The method of culture purified sinoatrial node cell is important in investigating its ultrastructural characteristics and autorhythmic mechanisms.However,the corresponding method has not been standardized.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the localization,cultivation and purification of sinoatrial nodes isolated from newborn rabbits,and to study the morphological characters of primary cultured pacemaker cells.METHODS: Hearts of the newborn rabbits(within 24 hours)were embedded in paraffin for hematoxylin-eosin staining,The location of sinoatrial nodes was observed under an optical microscope,the morphology of sinoatrial nodes cells were observed by light microscope and electron microscope.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Sinoatrial nodes localized in the anterior wall of the superior vena cava and the posterior laterial wall of right atrium.There was about 0.32 mm between its lowest point and sulcus terminalis.Three distinct types of cells were observed among the cultured cells of sinoatrial nodes: spindle,spider and polygon.The spindle cells occupied the greatest proportion of the cultured cells(59.6±7.3)%.The spontaneous contraction frequency of spindle cells was the highest among the constracting cells(145±9)times per minute.The ultrastructure observation showed that myofibrils and other organelles in spindle cells were sparse and significantly decreased in number compared with triangle cells.There was no significant difference between triangle cells isolated from sinoatrial nodes and from atrial muscle.Sinoatrial nodes could be harvested along the anterior root of the superior vena cava down to the posterolateral sulcus.Among the cultured cells from neonatal rabbit sinoatrial nodes,the spindle cells with small body and fast pulse frequency are pacemaker cells.

Metabolic studies were carried out on nine male infants to investigatethe digestibility and utilization of some of the nutrients of the Milk-substitute 5410, there by ascertaining whether those nutrients could satisfy their requirements. From the results of the chemical analyses of the foods and excreta of the infants, statistical treatment of the records on the fre- quency of defecation, the amount and form of the stools, and the growth rate of the infants, it was possible to evaluate the apparent energy utilization of the milk-substitute.The ages of the infants at the beginning of the experiment were 37-77 days, and 6-7 months at the end. The experiment was divided into five periods: in the first and second periods the infants were fed alternately with the milk-substitute and powdered whole milk diet; in the third and fourth periods the diets were the same as the first and second but supplemented with cod liver oil concentrate (sbout 1500 1. U. vitamin A and 500 I. U. vitamin D per day). In the fifth period the protein content of the milk-substitute was raised from 16.6% to 22.6%, supplemented also with cod liver oil. In periods when the infants were fed with the milk substitute alone, the number of defecation was significantly less and loose stools fewer than in the milk diet period. Introduction of cod liver oil tended to reduce the dry weight of the feces. When the milk-substitute with higher protein content was given, the number of defecation increased and occurence of diarrhea was more frequent but not more so than during the cow's milk powder period.From the statistical analyses of the results, it was found that the digestibility of protein and carbohydrate of the milk-substitute was significantly lower than that of cow's milk powder but that of fat was higher. Introduction of cod liver oil increased the digestibility of protein, fat, carbohydrate and crude fibre. There was no significant difference between the availability of energy of the milk-substitute and cow's milk powder, the former being 90.9% while the latter 91.7%.The growth curves of the nine infants showed that the higher the food intake, the higher the growth rate. The caloric intakes of eight infants were 100-120 kcal per kilogram of body weight per day and their growth rates were almost identical. The caloric intake of one infant was consistently below 100 kcal per kilogram of body weight per day and his growth rate was significantly lower. It may be concluded, therefore, that when the Milk-substitute 5410 is given to infants supplying 100-120 kcal per kilogram of body weight per day, would be adequate for normal growth.

Previous feeding experiments on infants have shown that the growth promoting effect of the milk-substitute 5410 was comparable to that of hu- man milk or a milk powder diet. In order to know more about the biochemical and physiological properties of this mixture, nine male infants were put in serial metabolic studies with respect to the digestion, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus utilization of this soybean product.The age of the infants were 37-77 days at the beginning of the experiment, and 6-7 months at the end. The infants were fed with the milk-substitute and a milk powder diet in alternative periods each of which lasted 2-4 weeks. In the first and second periods the infants were fed milk powder or milk-substitute alone, while in the third and forth periods the same diets were supplemented with concentrated cod liver oil, and in the fifth period the infants were fed with another soybean product similar to mixture 5410 but with higher protein content.The digestibility of protein and the absorption of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus of mixture 5410 were significantly lower than those of the milk powder diet. However, the nitrogen retention were the same during these two dietary periods (191 and 196 mg per kilo per day). The calcium and phosphorus retention were signigicantly lower during periods without cod liver oil (24 and 24 mg per kilo per day) but improved markedly after supplementation (58 and 36 mg per kilo per day).On the average, each infant received from the milk-substitute 4.3g of protein per kilo per day. The amount of calcium ingested was 850 mg per day; it seems to be that supplementation with cod liver oil is necessary for adequate calcium retention at this level of intake.Raising the protein content of the milk-substitute by further addition of soybean powder may increase the nitrogen retention, but it tends to lower the absorption and retention of calcium and phosphorus due to increased amount of fecal excretion.