AIM: To report the clinical manifestations of localized peripapillary detachment in pathologic myopia and to evaluate its underlying associations and causes.METHODS: From December 2002 to January 2004, 10eyes from 7 patients with high myopia were identified to have localized peripapillary detachment by optical coherent tomography (OCT). The features were described together with the fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and multifocal electroretinogram.RESULTS: Localised peripapillary detachments did not cause any symptoms by themselves and all the lesions were recognized because of other ocular problems. The areas of peripapillary detachment were all located within the posterior staphyloma. In the 5 eyes with type 1 staphyloma, the locations of detachment were all in the nasal half of the peripapillary area. In the other 5 eyes with type 2 and 3 staphyloma, the locations of detachment were all in the non-nasal peripapillary area. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, ,P= 0.01).CONCLUSION: Peripapillary detachment is probably a benign complication of posterior staphyloma in pathologic myopia. The site of peripapillary detachment is affected by the location of staphyloma and OCT is important in making the diagnosis.

Amphetamine-type stimulants ( ATS ) , a group of new-type synthetic drugs mainly in psychological dependence, are abused more and more severely in recent years. MicroRNAs ( MiRNAs ) are an important class of endogenous non-coding small RNAs that mediate posttranscriptional negatively regulation of gene expression by targeting specific mRNA sequences to in-hibit the translation of mRNAs or degrade the expression of mR-NAs. ATS can induce the changes in the expression of miRNAs in addiction-related brain regions which directly involve in the regulation of ATS-induced addictive behaviors. Therefore, to study the regulatory role of miRNAs in ATS-induced addiction has important implications for dependent mechanisms of new-type drugs and the discovery of the new targets of drug actions.

Objective To study the in-vitro antibacterial activity of Niaoluqing Decoction on Ureaplasma Urealyticum (Uu) . Methods Sixty-three clinical strains of Uu were identified to determine their serology and antibiotic susceptibilities by the metabolic inhibition test(MIT). These strains were subcultured for 3 generations and then cultured with Niaoluqing Decoction with a series of concentrations from 250 mg/mL to 0.48 mg/mL. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined when the color of culture medium did not change from yellow to red in 72 h.Results For 63 clinical strains of Uu, the range of MIC of Niaoluqing Decoction was from 0.48 mg/mL to 15.63 mg/mL,MIC50≤1.95 mg/mL,MIC90≤3.91 mg/mL. Clinical strains of Uu had a higher sensitive to Niaoluqing Decoction than to tetracycline(?2=18.38,P 0.05).Clinical strains of Uu including all of its serotypes had a higher antibiotic susceptibility to Niaoluqing Decoction (MIC≤3.91 mg/mL) except for serotype 11, 1, 2 in this experiment contains (MIC≥7.81 mg/mL). Conclusion Niaoluqing Decoction showed a significant in-vitro antibacterial activity on clinical Uu strains with different serotypes.

ELISA technique was employed to determne the concentration of mannose binding lectin (MBL),plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI 1),and high sensitive ()eactive protein (hs-CRP).hs CRP level m patients with subclinical atherosclerosis was significantly higher (P ＜ 0.01),MBL level was of no significant difference (P＞0.05) ; PAI-1 was significantly higher (P＜0.01) only m those with metabolic syndrome(MS).Taking no account of subclinical atherosclerosis,MBL of diabetic patients with MS was significantly lower while hs-CRP and PNI 1 were signific amlv higher (P ＜ 0.01).Inflammatory faetors MBL,hs-CRP,and PAI-1 involved in the -ube linical atherosclerosis development in the type 2 diabetic patients with MS.

Antipsychotic Agents ; poisoning ; Clozapine ; blood ; poisoning ; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood ; methods ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

AIM: To observe the effect of partial liquid ventilation with perfluorocarbon on gas exchange, hemodynamics and lung histological change in the piglets with surfactant depletion-induced acute lung injury. METHODS: 12 piglets were treated by lung lavage to a partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO 2) below 100 mmHg for one hour and randomly divided into gas ventilation group (control group) and partial liquid ventilation (PLV) group, in PLV group, piglets received PFC (FC3280) intratracheally at doses of 15 mL/kg. The parameters of gas exchange and hemodynamics were measured before lung lavage, after lung lavage when the acute lung injury (ALI) was established, and 1 hour, 2 hours after ALI. Animals underwent euthanasia at the end of the study, lung histologic analysis followed. RESULTS: Surfactant depletion by lung lavage induced a stable acute lung injury.Gas exchange increased markedly in the animals that underwent PLV, less hemodynamic damage was observed in PLV group compared with the animals in GV group. Lung histologic analysis demonstrated a less lung damage, including atelectasis, neutrophil excudation, intra-alveolar hemorrhage and interstitial edema in PLV group compared with control group. CONCLUSION: In piglets with surfactant depletion-induced acute lung injury, partial liquid ventilation with perfluorocarbon can improve the gas exchange with less adverse hemodynamic effect and less lung injury compared with conventional gas ventilation.

Testing of hypothesis was affected by statistical analysis set division which was an important data management work before data base lock-in. Objective division of statistical analysis set under blinding was the guarantee of scientific trial conclusion. All the subjects having accepted at least once trial treatment after randomization should be concluded in safety set. Full analysis set should be close to the intention-to-treat as far as possible. Per protocol set division was the most difficult to control in blinded examination because of more subjectivity than the other two. The objectivity of statistical analysis set division must be guaranteed by the accurate raw data, the comprehensive data check and the scientific discussion, all of which were the strict requirement of data management. Proper division of statistical analysis set objectively and scientifically is an important approach to improve the data management quality.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; standards ; Databases, Factual ; Research Design ; standards ; Statistics as Topic

Missing data is a common but unavoidable issue in clinical trials. It not only lowers the trial power, but brings the bias to the trial results. Therefore, on one hand, the missing data handling methods are employed in data analysis. On the other hand, it is vital to prevent the missing data in the trials. Prevention of missing data should take the first place. From the perspective of data, firstly, some measures should be taken at the stages of protocol design, data collection and data check to enhance the patients' compliance and reduce the unnecessary missing data. Secondly, the causes of confirmed missing data in the trials should be notified and recorded in detail, which are very important to determine the mechanism of missing data and choose the suitable missing data handling methods, e.g., last observation carried forward (LOCF); multiple imputation (MI); mixed-effect model repeated measure (MMRM), etc.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Data Collection ; methods ; standards ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Research Design

Objective To explore the regularity of incidence of agonal respiration (AR) and agonal respiration frequency rate (ARFR) during untreated cardiac arrest (CA) after ventricular fibrillation (VF) in a swine model.Methods Ten healthy male domestic pigs weighing (25.0± 3.0) kg were employed in this experiment.VF was induced by intraventricular shock with alternating current without treatment for 8 minutes.The incidence of AR and ARFR per minute were recorded for 8 minutes.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0 system software.Results AR occurred in all animals after VF induced CA within 8 minutes.There was 1 animal showed AR at the first minute with ARFR (0.2±0.1) times/min,4 animals showed AR at the second minute with ARFR (1.2 ± 1.0) times/min,7 animals showed AR at the third minute with ARFR (2.7 ± 1.4) times/min,all animals showed AR at the fourth to fifth minute with ARFR (3.7 ± 1.6) times/min and (3.2 ± 1.9) times/min,7 animals showed AR at the sixth minute with ARFR (1.3 ± 1.0) times/min,no animal showed AR at the seventh minute,and 1 animal showed AR at the eighth minute with ARFR (0.2±0.1) times/min.The first and the last AR were observed at (2.02±0.84) minutes and (5.21 ± 1.12) minutes respectively.Occurrence of AR reached its peak at the fourth to fifth minute,and it was absent at the seventh minute.ARFR after CA showed a crescendo-decrescendo pattern,which increased from (0.2±0.1) times/min to (3.7±1.6) times/min followed by a fall to (0.2±0.1) times/min.Conclusions AR is one of the symbolic signs after CA.AR occurred in all animals during untreated VF,and it reaches its peak at the fomrth to fifth minute,with a crescendo-decrescendo pattern of ARFR.Effective identification and treatment in victim with AR timely can help to improve the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival rate.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different smoking cessation interventions on cigarette consumption for young soldiers.Methods Sixty-eight soldiers were prospectively investigated in this randomly controlled clinical trial and assigned to the psychological intervention group,auricular acupuncture group,and smoking cessation medication group.Results All the participants showed significant reduction(33.3％ to 73.9％)in post-treatment cigarette consumption.The highest quit rate was found at 7 days,although this declining trend was faded over time.One-year follow-up indicated a 6-month quit rate of 16.7％,23.8％ and 30.4％ in three groups,respectively.Conclusion Psychological intervention,auricular acupuncture and smoking cessation medication may be effective methods of reducing cigarette consumption and improving quit rate in young soldiers.