Objective To evaluate whether changes in neonatal intensive care have improved outcomes for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods A prospective phase-lag cohort study was performed in a tertiary level NICU. A meticulous nursing strategy based on neonatal individual developmental care assessment program theory and feasible ELBW minimization stimulus was developed. Conventional care was applied in 2013 (period Ⅰ) and gently caring was applied in 2014 (period Ⅱ). The outcomes of ELBW between these 2 periods were compared. Results During these two periods, thirty-seven infants were included in period Ⅰ and 41 infants in period Ⅱ. In periodⅠ46.0%(17/37) of the infants needed oxygen for at least 28 days, but in period Ⅱ it decreased to 24.4%(10/41), there was significant difference (χ2=3.990, P=0.046). The rate of breastfeeding increased from 27.0%(10/37) in periodⅠto 61.0%(25/41) in period Ⅱ, there was significant difference (χ2=9.061, P=0.003). There was no significant difference in the mortality rate and chronic lung disease (P>0.05). The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage decreased from 21.6%(8/37) to 4.9%(2/41), there was significant difference(P=0.041). Conclusions Gently caring may have resulted in less intracranial hemorrhage and improve breastfeeding rate. Parents are satisfied with gentle care and in light of these findings, gentle care deserves further exploration.

A novel amplifier system was proposed for low-noise recording of pico-ampere current in nanopore experiment (<100 pA). As an example, the amplifier system was applied in α-hemolysin based nanopore detection of DNA-PEG-DNA conjugate to record the signals of translocation and bumping events in buffer solution (1 mol/L KCl, 10 mmol/L Tris--HCl, 1 mmol/L EDTA and pH=8. 0). The amplified current signal was filtered by a 3 kHz Bessel filter and sampled by a 100 kHz analog-digital convertor. As a result, the presented amplifier system could lower the noise in recording the current. The current blockages (<10 pA) of single molecules with low amplitude were recovered due to the high signal-to-noise ratio.

Objective? To explore the effects of knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP) intervention model on the cognition and behavior of prevention and control of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection of medical staff in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods? By convenience sampling, 80 ICU medical staff working in He'nan People's Hospital from August 2017 to March 2018 were selected as the participants in this study, and their knowledge and behavior of MDRO infection prevention and control were intervened based on the KAP model. The scores of KAP Questionnaire on MDRO infection prevention and control, relevant knowledge, attitude, compliance of MDRO infection prevention and control among the 80 ICU medical staff and the incidence of patients' MDRO infection before and after intervention were compared. Results? After intervention, the ICU medical staff's score in KAP questionnaire, relevant knowledge awareness rate, and attitude holding rate about MDRO infection prevention and control all improved compared with those before intervention (P＜ 0.05). After intervention, the compliance score of MDRO infection prevention and control behavior was higher than before, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). After intervention, the incidence of MDRO in ICU patients was 5.08%, lower than 12.20% that before intervention with statistical difference (P＜ 0.05). Conclusions? KAP intervention model can effectively improve the cognition level of prevention and control of MDRO infection in ICU medical staff, promote the enthusiasm for MDRO infection-related attitudes, and improve the behavior compliance of MDRO infection prevention and control,thus improving the prevention and control effects as a whole.

Objective:To transfect Mcl-1shRNA into Raw264.7 cells,and screen out specific shRNA eukaryotic expression plasmids with the most significant effect of silent Mcl-1 gene to figure out the effect of shRNA on Mcl-1 expression in murine macrophage cell line Raw 264.7.Methods: Specific shRNA was transfected into murine macrophage cell line Raw 264.7 via lipofectamine.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were respectively employed to test the changes in Mcl-1 mRNA level and Mcl-1 protein expressions 24 h and 48 h after the transfection ,and the silencing effects of the three pairs of specific shRNA fragments corresponding to different sites were analyzed.Results: Specific shRNA fragments at 24 h and 48 h could effectively reduce Mcl-1 mRNA and protein level ,with higher silencing effects than those of the normal group ,the lipofectamine group and the negative control group.There were statistically significant differences among them ( P<0.05 ).Among the three pairs of specific shRNA fragments corre-sponding to different sites ,Mcl-1 shRNA3 showed the most significant inhibiting effect on Mcl-1 mRNA and proteins.Conclusion:RNA interference can downregulate the level of Mcl-1 mRNA in murine macrophage cell line Raw 264.7 and greatly downregulate the expression of Mcl-1protein.Specific shRNA eukaryotic expression plasmids with the most significant effect of silent Mcl-1 gene have been screened out successfully.

Background Qiang minority is minority groups of China with the special habits and customs and living condition. So whether the spectrum of disease and bacteria spectrum in conjunctiva are similar with Han nationality is worth paying attention. Objective Present survey was to obtain the data about bacterial species in conjunctival sac in Qiang minority population with the age 40 years old and more and the compare with matched Han nationality population. Methods This survey study was performed as the standardized training and protocol. A total of 212 eyes of 106 individuals from Qiang minority in Beichuan county and 640 eyes of 320 subjects from Han nationality in Mianyang city received questionnaire survey and ophthalmological examination. The secretion of the inferior palpebral conjunctival sac was embrocated and inoculated on blood plate for 48-72 hours. The bacteria was separated and identified. This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Sichuan Provicial People' s Hospital. Orally informed consent was obtained before the medical procedure. Results All the examinee finished the survey and examination with a good compliance. No significant difference was found in the demography between these two groups of population. The multiple bacterial positive rate in conjunctival sac was 59. 4% in Qiang minority and that of Han people was 66. 3% with a considerably difference between them (χ2 = 2. 27,P = 0. 13). The multiple bacterial species were simultaneously detected in 26.2% in Qiang minority population and 11.88% Han people, showing evidently difference (χ2 = 106. 40, P = 0. 00 ) . The positive rate of corynbaccterium in conjunctival sac of Qiang minority was statistically lower than that of Han people (20. 7% versus 45. 0% ,χ2 =31. 75 ,P = 0. 00) ,but there was no statistical difference in the positive rate of staphylococcus epidemics between two groups (χ2 = 1. 89 ,P = 0. 17). Conclusion The bacteria positive rate in conjunctiva sac is resemble in the population over 40 years in both the Qiang minority and Han nationality. The simple bacterial species is found in majority people in two groups of subjects. The positive rate of multiple bacterial strains coexistence is more in the Qiang minority. The bacterial strains is different between Qiang minority and Han nationality.

Objective To study the expressions of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1 ) gene in mouse macrophages Raw264.7 and human macrophages THP-1,to screen out the cell lines with high levels of expression as the experimental cells,and based on the screening results to construct the short hairpin RNA(shRNA)eukaryotic expression plasmid targeting mice Mcl-1 gene for transfection and further screen out the shRNA expression plasmid with the most obvious effect in silencing Mcl-1 gene.Methods Semi-quantitative PCR method was used to detect the expression of Mcl-1 mRNA in the two kinds of macrophages.Western blotting was adopted to detect the expressions of Mcl-1 proteins in the two kinds of macrophages.Three different gene loci for Mcl-1 shRNA fragments were designed with small molecules interfering RNA (siRNA)software.Eukaryotic expression plasmid Mcl-1 shRNA 1-3 carrying the shRNA fragments was constructed by a company.And the eukaryotic expression plasmid vector was transfected into scavenger cells Raw264.7 mice via through the liposome.The transfection results 24 h and 48 h after transfection were observed under the inverted fluorescence microscope;Mcl-1 mRNA and protein expression were detected by real time quantitative PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results The relative expression levels of Mcl-1 mRNA and protein in mouse macrophages Raw264.7 were significantly higher than those of human macrophages (P <0.05).The shRNA expression vector constructed within 24 h and 48 h could decrease Mcl-1 mRNA and protein levels in Raw264.7 cells,especially with the most obvious silencing effect at 48 h.The 48-h transfection group differed significantly from normal group,liposome group and negative control group (P <0.05).Compared with Mcl-1shRNA1and Mcl-1shRNA2,Mcl-1shRNA3 had the strongest effect in silencing Mcl-1mRNA and protein.Conclusion We have successfully screened out experimental Raw264.7 cells and Mcl-1 shRNA eukaryotic expression plasmid which has an obvious silencing effect targeting on Mcl-1 in mice macrophages Raw264.7.

Objective:To investigate the willingness and influencing factors of mothers of very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to donate breast milk or accept donated breast milk.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 124 mothers of VLBWIs who were admitted to NICU of Children's Hospital of Fudan University from March to July 2019 were selected as investigation objects. The self-designed questionnaire was used to assess the willingness to donate breast milk, the willingness to accept breast milk donation and knowledge of breast milk donation. The survey was conducted by downloading the questionnaires through mobile terminals to analyze attitudes of mothers of VLBWIs towards breast milk donation and its influencing factors.Results:Among 124 mothers of VLBWIs, 51.6% (64/124) were reluctant to donate breast milk, mainly because they feared that the amount of breast milk after donation would affect the feeding of their children. 43.5% (54/124) did not want their children to receive donated breast milk, mainly because of doubts about the safety of donated breast milk. Adequate lactation was the main factor affecting the willingness to donate breast milk ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education on the safety of breastfeeding and breastmilk donation and improve the cognition of breastmilk donation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anti-thrombosis effect and its mechanism of Qingkailing injection (QKL).

METHODSD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and QKL 2.5, 5.0, 10 groups. QKL were given (i.p.) to rats once a day for successively 4 days. The rats in all groups but control were pretreated with carrageenin (Ca) i.p. at 16 h before the last dose of QKL and followed by intravenous injection of endotoxin ( LPS fom E. coli O111:B4) 50 microg x kg(-1) 30 min after the last dosing of QKL. Thrombosis in rat tails were observed at 24 h after injection of LPS. The number of white blood cells and platelets, serum TNF-alpha, IL-6 level, CD11b/CD18 expression of white blood cells and platelet aggregation were analysed.

RESULTQKL obviously inhibited the LPS/Ca-induced thrombosis as showed a reduced infarction range due to thrombosis in tails. The sera concentration of TNF-alpha and IL-6, expression of CD11b/CD18 in WBC and platelet coagulation rate were reduced after QKL treatment.

CONCLUSIONThe anti-thrombosis action of QKL is associated with inhibition of WBC activation and adherence, reduction of inflammatory factor release and abating of platelet coagulation rate. The anti-thrombosis mechanism of QKL is consistent with its function of clearing away heat-evil and toxic materials.

Animals ; CD11 Antigens ; genetics ; metabolism ; CD18 Antigens ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thrombosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether interleukin-2 (IL-2) changes the activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) ATPase, sarcolemmal Ca(2+)ATPase and Na(+)/K(+) ATPase by measuring the Pi liberated from ATP hydrolysis with colorimetrical methods. It was shown that the activity of Ca(2+)ATPase in SR from IL-2-perfused (10, 40, 200, 800 U/ml) rat heart increased dose-dependently. After incubation of the SR with ATP (0.1 approximately 4 mmol/L), the activity of SR Ca(2+)ATPase increased dose-dependently in the control group. In the SR from 200 U/ml IL-2-perfused hearts, the activity of Ca(2+)ATPase was much higher than that in the control group. On the other hand, incubation of the SR with Ca(2+) (1 approximately 40 micromol/L) increased the activity of SR Ca(2+) ATPase in the control group. The activity of SR Ca(2+)ATPase of IL-2-perfused hearts was inhibited as the function to Ca(2+). Pretreatment with specific kappa-opioid receptor antagonist nor-BNI (10 nmol/L) for 5 min attenuated the effect of IL-2 (200 U/ml) on the activity of SR Ca(2+) ATPase. After pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX, 5 mg/L) or U73122 (5 micromol/L), IL-2 failed to increase SR Ca(2+)ATPase activity. The activity of SR Ca(2+)ATPase was not changed by incubation of SR isolated from normal hearts with IL-2. Perfusion of rat heart with IL-2 did not affect the activity of sarcolemmal Ca(2+)ATPase and Na(+)/K(+)ATPase. It is concluded that perfusion of rat heart with IL-2 increases the activity of SR Ca(2+)ATPase dose-dependently, which is mainly mediated by cardiac kappa-opioid receptor pathway including a PTX sensitive Gi-protein and phospholipase C. IL-2 increases the activity of SR Ca(2+)ATPase as the function to ATP, but inhibits the activity of SR Ca(2+)ATPase as the function to Ca(2+). IL-2 has no effect on the activity of sarcolemmal Ca(2+)ATPase and Na(+)/K(+)ATPase.
Animals ; Interleukin-2 ; pharmacology ; Male ; Myocardium ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sarcolemma ; enzymology ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ; enzymology ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases ; metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism

This study was aimed to explore prognostic significance of minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by multiparameter flow cytometry (MCF). Leukemia-associated immunophenotype (LAIP) of newly diagnosed AML patients were determined by 4-color 5 antibody panels and patients with sensitive LAIP were chosen for MRD detection. 601 bone marrow samples from 95 patients were acquired after treatment and MRD were considered positive by the critical normal value plus twice standard deviation in normal bone marrow specimen. The patients were divided into three groups and the clinical significance was analyzed every 2 months within initial 6 months after induction treatment. The results showed that the relapse rate and relapse-free survival (RFS) rate were all significantly different between MRD positive and MRD negative patients in the three groups (p < 0.05). Patients with MRD positive had a median relapse-free survival time of 11 months, 11.5 months and 11 months at 1 - 2, 3 - 4 and 5 - 6 months respectively, while all patients with MRD negative were not observed to reach median release-free survival time (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the clinical significance was analyzed after induction and one course of consolidate treatment, the relapse rate of MRD positive and MRD negative patients were 57.14% versus 0% and 91.67% versus 2.27% respectively (p = 0.000 and p = 0.000). It is concluded that MRD detection by multi-parameter flow cytometry can predict outcome of AML patients, which should be continuously monitored after treatment.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Young Adult