The paper reviewed the research cooperation on public health between China and US in 30 years since the establishment of Sino-US diplomatic relation, based on the project database of Peking University, and made out the comments on the benefits, shortages and expectation in future cooperation.

Objective To study the clinic value of digital three-dimensional shaping titanium mesh in repairing skull defects and reconstructing temporal muscle attachment points. Methods Eighty-two patients with skull defects from December 2013 to January 2016 were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups according to patients' will with 41 patients in each group. The patients in control group received traditional hand-shaping titanium mesh repair, the patients in observation group received individual digital forming technology to produce titanium mesh repair and reconstruct the temporal muscle attachment points at the titanium mesh temporal corresponding position. The rate of appearance satisfaction, operation time, the number of titanium nail and the rate of postsurgery adverse reaction was compared between the two groups. Results The rate of appearance satisfaction in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group: 97.56%(40/41) vs. 80.49%(33/41), P<0.05. The operation time and the number of titanium nail and in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group:(8.9 ± 1.6) h vs. (12.4 ± 2.4) h, (10.3 ± 0.9) pieces vs. (11.8 ± 1.8) pieces, P < 0.01. The rate of postsurgery adverse reaction in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group: 0 vs. 9.8%(4/41), χ2 = 4.21, P < 0.05. Conclusions The operation of repairing skull defects and reconstructing temporal muscle attachment points with digital three-dimensional shaping titanium mesh is simple. It can shorten the operation time, decrease the postsurgery adverse reaction, and increase the appearance satisfaction.

There should be confusion about diagnosis and treatment for multiple segments cervical myelopathy in some respects. The author reviewed the literature and combined with clinical experience, proposed a new classification for cervical myelopathy according to responsibility segment areas, which dividing into single segment,double segments (continues or jumping type), multi-segment (≥ three segments). The responsible segments determination is the premise of diagnosis and also a key to determine surgical decompression segment. Decompression only according to imaging was not desirable, surgical segment should mainly relies on clinical, imaging, electrophysiological and comprehensive analysis to avoid surgery range expansion. Surgical approach and procedures are still the focus and hotspot of cervical myelopathy treatment, and no treatment standards and corresponding guidelines to consult. The author proposes that surgical approach should advocate the individual, and surgical procedure should follow simple instead of complicate, anterior and posterior combined decompression is not necessary in most cases, and anterior and posterior fixation are not need.
Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; Humans ; Spondylosis ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To compare the efficacy of pressure-controlled ventilation and volume-controlled ventilation in patients undergoing lumbar surgery in prone position.Methods Sixty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 40-64 yr,weighing 45-90 kg,scheduled for lumbar surgery in prone position,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:pressure-controlled ventilation group (group P) and volume-controlled ventilation group (group V).Anesthesia was induced with dexamethasone 10 mg,etomidate 0.3 mg/kg,sufentanil 0.4 μg/kg,and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg and maintained with propofol 2-4 mg· kg-1 · h-1,remifentanil 6-10 μg· kg-1 · h-1 and vecuronium 0.08 mg· kg-1 · h-1.The i-gel laryngeal mask airways were inserted after induction and the patients were mechanically ventilated.A gastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of i-gel.The maximum inspiratory pressure was adjusted to reach the tidal volume (VT) of 8 ml/kg in group P and the VT was set at 8 ml/kg in group V.PTrCO2 was maintained at 30-40 mm Hg.The mean airway pressure (Pmean) and peak airway pressure (Peak) were recorded immediately after insertion of i-geal (T0),immediately after the patients were turned to prone position (T1),immediately before skin incision (T2),30 min after the beginning of surgery (T3),immediately after the end of surgery (T4) and immediately after the patients were turned to supine position (T5).While dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) was calculated.Arterial blood samples were taken at the same time points for blood gas analysis.Oxygenation index (OI) and respiratory index (RI) were calculated.Results Compared with group V,Pmoan and Ppeak were significantly decreased at T0-5,Cdyn and OI were increased,and RI was decreased at T1-4 in group P (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with volumecontrolled ventilation,pressure-controlled ventilation can better improve the ventilatory efficacy and reduce prone position-induced effect on respiratory function in patients undergoing lumbar surgery.

Objective:To study the feasibility of 3-D reconstruction model in the observation of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) effected palatal organ development of fetal mouse.Methods:Kunming mice treated 40 ug/kg TCDD by lavage on day 12.5 of pregnancy were used as in the experimental group,isodose corn oil treated in the control group.On day 13.5,14.5 and 15.5 of pregnancy heads of the fetal mice were taken out and fixed.Conventional paraffin serial sections of palatal organ were preparated and dyed by hematoxylin-eosin,images of the palatal organs were collected and photoshop treated,3-D reconstruction of the palatal organ was performed by 3D-DOCTOR software.Results:3-D reconstruction images showed that palatal organs moved from on both sides above the tongue and gradually closed and merged in the control group.In the experimental group,the palatal organs moved from on both sides above the tongue was later than control group,gradually closed,but not merged,formed cleft palate.Conclusion:3D-DOCTOR software reconstruction can be used for the study of the development process effected by TCDD in the pregnant mouse.

Anxiety is usually generated because of the threatened feeling. The data of electrocardio, respiration, blood volume pulse and skin conductance signals were collected. The arithmetic of Relief were used for the feature selection and combined with k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) arithmetic and Support Vector Machine (SVM) arithmetic for classification. The results show that the combination of Relief-SVM is better than combination of Relief-kNN on the recognition of anxiety state. The emotion recognition based on multi-physiological signals is superior to that based on one single signal.
Algorithms ; Anxiety ; Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Support Vector Machine

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided and nerve stimu-lator-guided modified fascia iliaca compartment block combined with popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block in patients undergoing unilateral great saphenous varicose veins surgery.Methods Sixty patients, male 32 and female 28,aged 42-76 years,ASA Ⅰor Ⅱ,scheduled for unilateral great saphenous var-icose veins surgery were randomly divided into two groups (n =30 each):modified fascia iliaca com-partment block with popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block group(group N)and epidural anesthesia(group E).Firstly,popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block was performed in group N.Then confirmed iliac fascia and femoral nerve position on the ultrasonic image and the femoral nerve was blocked.The 1% lido-caine 10 milliliters and 0.5% ropivacaine 10 milliliters were injected in the fascia iliaca compartment block from medial border of sartorius to upward site of femoral artery.Meanwhile,the ultrasonic probe was moving inside in the level of inguinal ligament.The SBP,DBP and HR were recorded be-fore block(T0 ),10(T1 ),30(T2 )and 60 minutes(T3 )after block.The block working time and onset time of sensory block,use of ephedrine after anesthesia,anesthesia efficacy and the postoperative ad-verse reactions in the last 48 hours ,including nausea,vomiting,headache and urinary retention, were also recorded.Results Compared with T0 ,the SBP and DBP was significantly decreased at T2 in group E(P <0.05).Compared with group E at the same time,the SBP and DBP was significantly higher at T2 in group N(P <0.05).The onset time of sensory block was significantly shortened and the use of ephedrine after anesthesia was also less in group N(P <0.05 ).Group E was better than group N in the whole anesthesia efficacy (P <0.05),but there was no significant difference in the ex-cellent rate of anesthesia efficacy between the two groups.The incidence of postoperative urinary re-tention was significantly decreased in group N(P <0.05)and there was no significant difference of the rate of nausea,vomiting and headache.Conclusion Modified fascia iliaca compartment block with popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block has excellent anesthetic quality in patients undergoing unilateral great saphenous varicose veins surgery,which ensures more stable hemodynamics less side effects and more indications when compared with epidural anesthesia.

Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mutation ; Pain Insensitivity, Congenital ; complications ; genetics ; pathology ; Receptor, trkA ; genetics

Aim To observe the effects of activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( ALDH2 ) by ethanol on testis injury of type 2 diabetic rats. Methods Type 2 diabetic rats model were established by high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin ( STZ ) injec-tions. After the success of modeling, the rats were ran-domly divided into 3 groups ( n =6 ): normal control group (NC), type 2 diabetes group (T2DM) and eth-anol+type 2 diabetes group (EtOH+T2DM). Rats of EtOH + T2DM were treated with low-dose ethanol, then rats of NC and T2 DM were given normal diet for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the levels of the fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1 c ) and testosterone were tested, and the ratio of testis weight to body weight ( TW/BW ) was calculated. Morphological changes of testis tissue were observed by optical microscope. The levels of ALDH2 mRNA and transforming growth factorβ1 ( TGF-β1 ) mRNA in tes-tis tissue were measured. The expression of TGF-β1 in testis tissue was observed by immunohistochemical stai-ning, then the positive rate of TGF-β1 was calculated. Results Compared with NC, the levels of FBG, HbA1 c and TW/BW increased significantly and the level of testosterone decreased significantly in T2DM. The morphological observation showed that some semi-niferous tubules atrophied, spermatogenic cells de-creased and arrangemented loosely, Leydig cells de-creased in testicular interstitial. The level of ALDH2 mRNA in testis tissue decreased significantly, and the level of TGF-β1 mRNA and the positive rate of TGF-β1 in testis tissue increased significantly. However, compared with T2DM, the levels of FBG, HbA1c and TW/BW decreased, and the level of testosterone in-creased and the damage of testis tissue was attenuated in EtOH+T2DM. The level of ALDH2 mRNA in testis tissue increased significantly, and the level TGF-β1 mRNA and the positive rate of TGF-β1 in testis tissue decreased significantly. Conclusion Activating AL-DH2 can protect testis in type 2 diabetic rats, which may be related to the downregulation of TGF-β1 ex-pression.

Objective To analyze the MRI features of rare intracranial germ cell tumors of the pineal region compared with pathologic findings.Methods The MRI and pathologic data of 32 patients with rare intracranial germ cell tumors of the pineal region were reviewed retrospectively.All cases were proved by surgery and pathological examinations.Results Fourteen teratomas with malignant transformations were cyst-solidary which were mixed signals on plain MRI and the solid components showed obvious enhancement.The adiposity signals could be seen in teratomas.The level of serum or CSF AFP was high.Microscopically,many tissue components could be seen.The signal of 6 yolk sac tumors were homogeneous,and they had great enhancement after enhanced scanning.Increasing of preoperative serum AFP level could be seen in all patients.The 5 embryonal carcinomas were well-defined margin masses and heterogeneous with cystoid variation and necrosis and moderate to severe edema.The solid components showed obvious enhance.The signals of 7 mixed germ cell tumors were atypical,which depended on the components of germ cell tumors.Conclusion The MRI findings of the rare intracranial germ cell tumors of the pineal region(teratomas with malignant transformations,yolk sac tumors endodermal sinus tumor,embryonal carcinomas and mixed germ cell tumors)show some feature which are correlated with pathology.Suggestive diagnosis could be made combined with clinical data and MRI features.