Despite a vast number of studies that were focused on the roles of superior temporal gyrus (STG) and cerebellum as sensory area, little is known about their involvement in cognitive function such as attention and perception. The present fMRI study aimed to identify this cognitive role from brain activation profile of STG and cerebellum obtained from an arithmetic addition task. Eighteen healthy right hand dominance male adults participated in this study. They were instructed to solve single-digit addition tasks in quiet and noisy background during the fMRI scan. Both the in-quiet and in-noise addition tasks activated the bilateral STG and cerebellum (lobule VI and lobule VII) significantly but differentially. In both quiet and noisy conditions, STG activation is dominant in the left hemisphere while cerebellum showed a right hemisphere dominance. Bilateral STG and cerebellum (lobule VI) activation decreasedin noise, conversely cerebellum (lobule VII) activation increased in noise. These asymmetrical activation indicated hemispheric lateralization and differential behaviors of both brain areas in different environment while performing simple arithmetic addition task.
Cerebellum

Cerebellar astrocytomas have some characteristics such as benign histologic features, frequent cyst formation, tumors of early life and good postoperative prognosis. Cerebellar astrocytomas may arise from any part of cerebellum and tumors originated from vermis usually grew symmetrically in the vermis or invade the hemisphere. We recently experienced a case of cerebellar astrocytoma which entirely filled the 4th ventricle without evidence of tumor growth in the vermis or hemisphere. We report this case with its autopsy findings.
Astrocytoma* ; Autopsy ; Cerebellum ; Prognosis

To assess the degree of malignancy in cerebral gliomas at the time of diagnosis, we compared the metabolic ratio using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)-Positron Emission Tomography(PET) with histologic grading and proliferative index(Ki-67) of cerebral gliomas. Materials for this study were histologically-examined 21 gliomas and they were divided into glioblastomas as group 1, anaplastic gliomas as group 2, and low-grade gliomas as group 3. The visual analysis of FDG-PET images showed hypermetabolic lesions in 14(87.5%) out of 16 high-grade gliomas (glioblastomas and anaplastic gliomas), and hypometabolic lesions in 4(80%) out of 5 low-grade gliomas. Tumor to cerebellum ratio(T/Cbll) in FDG-PET was used as metabolic ratio and the values of T/Cbll in each group were 1.30+/-0.10, 0.73+/-0.07, 0.70+/-0.07, respectively. In comparision of T/Cbll between group 1 with remaining two groups, differences were statistically significant(p=0.0002, p=0.0002, respectively), however, there was no statistical difference between group 2 and group 3. The values of Ki-67 were 24.16+/-5.66 in group 1, 8.10+/-2.70 in group 2, 5.46+/-1.23 in group 3, and differences were statistically significant between group 1 and group 2, 3(p=0.015, p=0.015, respectively), but there was no statistical difference between group 2 and group 3. The correlation between T/Cbll and Ki-67 was good and statistically significant(p=0.0047). In conclusion, the visual and semiquantitative analysis of FDG-PET would be helpful in determining the degree of malignancy in cerebral gliomas.
Cerebellum ; Diagnosis ; Glioblastoma ; Glioma*

Cerebellum ; Basal Ganglia

No abstract available.
Cerebellum ; Ganglioneuroma* ; Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple

The medulloblastoma is a tumor of the cerebellum, particulary common in children. Most of them in childhood are situated in the midline vermis, but in adults are in the lateral lobes. The authors reported two cases of medulloblastoma which developed in the midline vermis although the patients were adult, and reviewed with concerned articles.
Adult* ; Cerebellum ; Child ; Humans ; Medulloblastoma*

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is a rare type of glioma and usually occurs in the superficial cerebral hemisphere of the patients under the age of 30 years. We report a case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma in the cerebellum of a 3-month-old infant. This is an unusual case in view of location and age. The literatures concerning the clinicopathological aspects of this unusual pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma are reviewed.
Cerebellum ; Cerebrum ; Glioma ; Humans ; Infant*

Most of glioblastoma multiforme in brain are known to be located supratentorially. On posterior fossa, they are mostly found in brain stem and cerebellar case is rare. A case of cerebellar glioblastoma multiforme is presented with the review of literatures.
Brain ; Brain Stem ; Cerebellum* ; Glioblastoma*

Primary intracranial hemangiopericytoma is rare and resemble meningioma on imaging study. It shows meningeal attachment, and is usually isointense with gray matter on T1-weighted MR image with heterogeneous enhancement and prominent vascular flow voids on T2-weighted image. Cystic type of hemangiopericytoma is very rare and only 3 cases have been reported in the literature which arised in the middle fossa, cerebellum, and occipital area. Ventricular hemangiopericytomas were reported in 9 cases, and all of them were solid type. Authors experienced a peculiar case of cystic hemangiopericytoma in the 3rd ventricle and report it with review of the literature.
Cerebellum ; Hemangiopericytoma* ; Meningioma ; Third Ventricle*

Saccades are rapid eye movements that shift the line of sight between successive points of fixation. The cerebellum calibrates saccadic amplitude (dorsal vermis and fastigial nucleus) and the saccadic pulse-step match (flocculus) for optimal visuo-ocular motor behavior. Based on electrophysiology and the pharmacological inactivation studies, early activity in one fastigial nucleus could be important for accelerating the eyes at the beginning of a saccade, and the later activity in the other fastigial nucleus could be critical for stopping the eye on target, which is controlled by inhibitory projection from the dorsal vermis. The cerebellum could monitor a corollary discharge of the saccadic command and terminate the eye movement when it is calculated to be on target. The fastigial nucleus and dorsal vermis also participate in the adaptive control of saccadic accuracy.
Cerebellum ; Electrophysiology ; Eye Movements ; Saccades* ; Sleep, REM