1.Clinical Use of Cephalosporins.
Kyung Hee CHANG ; June Myung KIM
Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2000;43(7):670-677
No abstract available.
Cephalosporins*
2.Effects of salicylates on the susceptibility of klebseilla pneumoniae to cephalosporins.
Phil Youl RYU ; Seung Ryong GOO ; Sun Sick CHUNG
Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology 1993;28(2):95-103
No abstract available.
Cephalosporins*
;
Pneumonia*
;
Salicylates*
3.Cefepime Neurotoxicity in Patients with Renal Insufficiency.
Seon Yu KIM ; In Sik LEE ; Seung Lee PARK ; Jongmin LEE
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 2012;36(1):159-162
Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin that is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is administered parenterally for the treatment of severe infections. Approximately 85% of the drug is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. Neurotoxicity in patients with renal failure who are treated with cefepime has been reported sporadically. We report on two senile patients with renal impairment who developed neurotoxicity including lethal outcome after treatment with cefepime.
Cephalosporins
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Humans
;
Kidney
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Renal Insufficiency
4.A retrospective cohort study comparing the cure rates of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and chloramphenicol combination, and third generation cephalosporins as initial antibiotic therapy for invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections
Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal 2013;14(1):34-41
Background/Objective:
Haemophilus influenzae type b remains to be a significant etiology of invasive infections specially in children two months to five years old without Hib vaccination. This study was performed to compare the cure rates of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin-chloramphenicol combination and third generation cephalosporins as initial antibiotic treatments for documented invasive Hib infections. This study may assist in formulating recommendations on empiric antimicrobial therapy.
Methods:
Charts of patients with invasive Hib disease confirmed either by blood culture, CSF culture and/or latex agglutination test from January 1991 to August 2010 were reviewed. Cases were classified into four groups depending on the initial antibiotic given upon admission. The four groups were compared and analyzed in terms of cure rates.
Results
The disease occurred predominantly in children less than two years old. Males were more frequently affected than females. All subjects were not given Hib vaccination. Cure rates were significantly different between ampicillin (33%) and chloramphenicol (89%) groups (p=0.017), and between chloramphenicol (89%) and ampicillin-chloramphenicol (39%) groups (p=0.008). However, cure rates were not significantly different when third generation cephalosporin group (62%) was compared to the other treatment groups (p>0.05). Resistance of Hib was 31% to ampicillin, while <10% to chloramphenicol and third generation cephalosporins. Conclusion: Chloramphenicol is an excellent drug for empiric therapy in highly suspected or proven cases of invasive Hib disease.
Ampicillin
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Chloramphenicol
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Third Generation Cephalosporins
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Haemophilus influenzae
5.Evaluation of Automated Blood Bank Systems AutoVue Innova and QWALYS-3 for ABO-RhD Grouping and Antibody Screening.
Tae Kyu AN ; Yoon Kyung SONG ; Hee Seoung SEO ; Kang Lim KIM ; Jung Ah KIM ; Chang Ha KO ; Do Hoon LEE ; Sun Young KONG
Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion 2012;23(3):204-209
BACKGROUND: Introduction of automation instruments for the blood bank is essential in order to reduce inspection error and minimize workload. We compared the results of ABO-RhD blood type and antibody screening tests using the manual method and those using the automation instruments AutoVue Innova (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ, USA) and QWALYS-3 (DIAGAST, Loos Cedex, France). METHODS: ABO-RhD blood type tests using the slide method, the tube method, and the instruments were performed with 200 selected samples. Antibody screening tests using the Ortho BioVue system (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ, USA), which is used in our laboratory, and the two instruments were performed with 188 specimens and 12 antibody positive samples that were kept in the laboratory. We evaluated the concordance rate of the results, applying CLSI guideline EP12-A2. RESULTS: The concordance rate of ABO-RhD blood type results between the manual methods and the two instruments was 100%. On antibody screening tests, a concordance rate of 100% was observed between the manual method and AutoVue Innova, which uses the gel card manufactured by the company making the gel card used for the manual method. However, using QWALYS-3 in performance of antibody screening tests, the concordance rate was 97.5%, because of discordance in five specimens. CONCLUSION: The concordance rate of ABO-RhD blood type by use of two automation instruments was 100%, however, that of the antibody screening test was 97.5%. Thus, there was a difference in positive rate on the antibody screening test, depending on the instrument. Therefore, introduction of an instrument, considering the pros and cons for each instrument, is necessary. In addition, further discussion of standardized guidelines for quality control is needed.
Automation
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Blood Banks
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Cephalosporins
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Mass Screening
;
Quality Control
6.Fermentation process monitoring and fault detection based on dynamic MPCA.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2006;22(3):483-487
A dynamic multiway principle component analysis for on-line batch process monitoring and fault detection was proposed. It integrates the time-lagged windows of process dynamic behavior with the multiway principle component analysis (MPCA). Using multi-model instead of single model, the dynamic MPCA approach emphasizes particularly on-line process performance monitoring and fault defecting. On-line process monitoring of cephalosporin C fermentation was studied, the results demonstrate that the dynamic MPCA method is able to efficiently monitor performance of the fermentation process and exactly detect faults which results in extraordinary behavior of processes.
Cephalosporins
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biosynthesis
;
Fermentation
;
Forecasting
;
Nonlinear Dynamics
;
Principal Component Analysis
;
methods
7.Cefepime-Induced Reversible Encephalopathy with Triphasic Waves in Patients with Impaired Renal Function.
Jeong Am RYU ; Sun Min LEE ; Jae Il KIM ; Geun Ho LEE ; Chang Min LEE ; Young Mok SONG ; Jee Hyun KIM
Journal of Korean Epilepsy Society 2009;13(1):15-18
Cefepime is a widely used beta-lactam antibiotic. We first report two cases of cefepime-induced reversible encephalpathy in Korea. Two patients with renal impairment presented stupor while being treated with cefepime for pneumonia, one of whom also developed myoclonus and asterixis. Their electroencephalogram showed triphasic waves despite of normal liver function. After discontinuation of cefepime, they completely recovered with normalization of electroencephalogram. Early recognition of cefepime-induced encephalopathy and immediate withdrawal of cefepime would be important for the prognosis of the patients.
Cephalosporins
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Dyskinesias
;
Electroencephalography
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Liver
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Myoclonus
;
Pneumonia
;
Prognosis
;
Stupor
8.Clostridium tertium Bacteremia in a Non-neutropenic Patient with Small Bowel Obstruction.
Nam Su KU ; Hae Sun CHUNG ; Jae Gil LEE ; Sun Bean KIM ; Sang Hoon HAN ; Jun Yong CHOI ; Kyungwon LEE ; June Myung KIM
Infection and Chemotherapy 2011;43(4):355-358
Clostridium tertium-induced bacteremia is a rare condition seen predominantly in neutropenic patients and/or patients with gastrointestinal disease. In this report, we describe a non-neutropenic, 72-year-old patient with a small bowel obstruction who presented with C. tertium bacteremia. Clostridium tertium is aerotolerant and resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. The aerotolerant nature of C. tertium is resulted in delayed identification and reporting since it is not initially considered a candidate for infection.
Aged
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Bacteremia
;
Cephalosporins
;
Clostridium
;
Clostridium tertium
;
Gastrointestinal Diseases
;
Humans
9.A Case of Onychia and Paronychia by Staphylococcus lugdunensis.
Joon LEE ; Chong Won CHOI ; Soo Hong PARK ; Ga young LEE ; Won Serk KIM
Korean Journal of Dermatology 2012;50(1):70-72
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is part of the normal human skin flora and has the ability to establish primary infection in deep skin and vascular infections. A 41-year-old male presented with brittle, thick, crusted right thumb nail with yellow to brown discoloration and erythematous edema around the nail fold. We identified S. lugdunensis by bacterial culture for the pus. The lesion was improved after 2 months treatment of oral cefditoren and clarithromycin. We report a case of onychia and paronychia caused by S. lugdunensis.
Adult
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Cephalosporins
;
Clarithromycin
;
Edema
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Nails
;
Paronychia
;
Skin
;
Staphylococcus
;
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
;
Suppuration
;
Thumb
10.Evaluation of the Automated QWALYS-3 System for ABO and RhD Grouping and Unexpected Antibody Screening.
Young Hyun KO ; Ji Myung KIM ; Sun Hoe KOO ; Jinsook LIM ; Young Choon PARK ; Kye Chul KWON
Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion 2011;22(2):144-150
BACKGROUND: One hundred years after the discovery of the ABO blood group system by Landsteiner, agglutination is still the most widely used method for determining the blood grouping and for antibody detection. Yet the demand for suitable automated systems is obvious in the field of transfusion. QWALYS-3 (DIAGAST, Loos Cedex, France) is a fully automated system for determining the ABO and RhD grouping and for antibody screening. We evaluated the ABO and RhD grouping and antibody screening test of the QWALYS-3. METHODS: The ABO and RhD grouping and the antibody screening test were performed by the QWALYS-3 system and the results were compared to the manual methods for the ABO and RhD grouping and to the micro column agglutination method (DiaMed-ID system) for antibody screening. RESULTS: For 574 of 574 clinical samples, there was complete concordance between the QWALYS-3 and the manual methods for determining the ABO and RhD grouping. The concordance rate between the QWALYS-3 and the micro column agglutination method for antibody screening in 210 clinical samples was 97.1%. CONCLUSION: The QWALYS-3 system had a good concordance rate compared to the manual method and the micro column agglutination method. The QWALYS-3 system was robust and it gave accurate results during this evaluation. The QWALYS-3 system will contribute to achieving full automation of all the necessary blood bank tests.
ABO Blood-Group System
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Agglutination
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Automation
;
Blood Banks
;
Blood Grouping and Crossmatching
;
Cephalosporins
;
Mass Screening