OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to establish the computer -assisted Delaire cephalometric analysis system with WinCeph8.0 in order to simplify the procedure of manual Delaire cephalometric analysis.

METHODSOn the basis of the theory of Delaire cephalometric analysis and the program module of WinCeph8.0, the landmark points and the auxiliary line were defined, the measurement and analysis program were written, then the computer-assisted Delaire cephalometric analysis system was established. Paired t-test and dispersion analysis of the computer-assisted and manual measurements were taken.

RESULTSComputer-assisted Delaire cephalometric analysis system was convenient and accurate to trace the landmark points and the auxiliary line. It was able to proceed the measurement and calculation automatically and display the analysis results. Statistical analysis showed that computer-assisted analysis was more accurate than manual analysis.

CONCLUSIONThis study provided a convenient, simplified, accurate computer-assisted analysis platform for Delaire cephalometric analysis which facilitated its clinical application.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the reliability of the OneCeph application according to personal computer (PC), tablet and smartphone screen size in comparison with Dolphin software on PC as a gold standard. Cephalometric landmarks were identified on 100 digital radiographs. Twenty-four cephalometric measurements were made with Dolphin software as a gold standard comparing with OneCeph application on smartphone (OS), OneCeph on PC (OP) and OneCeph on tablet (OT). All measurements were repeated after four weeks for intra-examiner reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). One-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test were done for measurement comparison between methods (Dolphin, OS, OP and OT). Results for OneCeph on smartphone and tablet, 21 measurements were comparable with Dolphin while other three (NLA, H-angle and UL to S-plane) were not. In OneCeph on PC, 20 measurements were comparable with Dolphin while other four (NLA, H-angle, U1 to A-point and UL to S-plane) were not. All different measurements were clinically insignificant except H-angle. Intra-examiner reliability represented ICC above 0.9. In conclusion, OneCeph application on three different screen size is reliable to use for cephalometric measurement. Most of the measurements are comparable with gold standard and adequate to be utilised in clinical routine. OneCeph on smartphone and tablet are advantageous from the portable feature over PC.
Cephalometry--instrumentation

No abstract available.
Cephalometry ; Prognathism* ; Retrognathia*

PURPOSE: To compare cephalometric measurement between measuring methods in digital and conventional lateral cephalometric radiograph. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty digital and conventional lateral cephalometric radiographs were selected. In digital group, cephalometric measurements were performed manually using hardcopies and automatically using VCeph(TM) program on the monitor. In conventional group, the same measurements were performed manually on conventional films, and for automatic measurement conventional films were digitized by scanner. All measurements were performed twice by 4 observers, and 24 cephalometric variables were calculated and the time spent for each measurement was recorded. The differences in measurements data and the time spent for each measurement were compared within each group. Intra-observer and inter-observer comparisons were performed. RESULTS: In both groups, no statistically significant difference between manual and automatic measurements was observed and most of the variables didn't show statistically significant differences between methods. The observer with less experience tended to show statistically significant differences of measurements between methods, and differences from other observers. The differences of measurements between methods in digital group were lesser than those of conventional group with statistical significance in 8 variables out of 24. With automatic method and in digital group, the spent time was shorter. CONCLUSION: With direct digital radiograph, automatic method using manually idenitified landmarks can be preferable in cephalometric analysis.
Cephalometry ; Radiographic Image Enhancement

The cephalometry can not always to evaluate accurate the real human skull. The reconstructed 3 dimensional image of CT(Computed Tomogram) is more popular method of human skull evaluation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference between the measurements with the cephalometry and that with the 3 dimensional image of CT. Fifteen patients who visited yeungnam university hospital(from Nov. 1999 to Feb. 2000) underwent computed tomography and cephalometry. The average age was a 32-years-old. We measured the midface height(ANS-N, SE-PNS, ANS-SD), the total face height (Me-N, Me-ANS, ANS-UIE, Me-LIE, Me-ID), the midface horizontal(ANS-PNS, PNS-A, PNS-UIE), and the lower face horizontal(Go-Pog, Go-B, Go-LIE). After the acquisition of measurements using 3 dimensional CT and cephalometry statistical analysis was done with paired t-test(p< 0.05). Measured data of the midface height, the total face height and the midface horizontal showed no difference between the length at the cephalometry and that of reconstructed 3 dimensional image of CT, but the lower face horizontal showed statistically significant difference between the two. Both cephalometry and 3 dimensional CT image were accurate method for the measurement of midface height, total facial height and midface horizontal. However for the measurement of lower face horizontal, 3 dimensional CT seems to be a more accurate and reliable method.
Cephalometry ; Humans ; Skull

BACKGROUND: We conducted this study to analyze the values of the key cephalometric angular measurements of the mandible using 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography scans. METHODS: In the 106 enrolled patients, a 3D cephalometric analysis was performed to measure the angular variables of the mandible. These values were compared between the two sides and between the two sexes. RESULTS: The frontal measurements revealed that the mandibular body curve angle was larger on the left (Lt) side (right [Rt], 141.24+/-7.54; Lt, 142.68+/-6.94; P=0.002) and the gonial angle was larger on the right side (Rt, 134.37+/-8.44; Lt, 131.54+/-7.14; P<0.001). The sagittal measurements showed that the gonial angle was larger on the right side (Rt, 134.37+/-8.44; Lt, 131.54+/-7.14; P>0.05). Further, the transverse measurements revealed that the mandibular body curve angle was larger on the right side (Rt, 140.28+/-7.05; Lt, 137.56+/-6.23; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide an average of the mandibular angular measurements for the Korean population, establishing a standard for determining surgical patient groups and outcome evaluations in the field of mandible contour surgery.
Cephalometry ; Humans ; Mandible*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the hard and soft tissue changes following the treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion using Twin-block appliance.

METHODS50 Class II division 1 malocclusion subjects whose handwrist radiographs were in FG-G stage were selected. One group (27 patients) was treated with Twin-block appliance, the other group (23 patients) was observed without treatment The acquired data of cephalometric of two groups were analyzed statistically with SPSS 11.0.

RESULTSSoft tissue changes, Ls-E, Li-E, U1-Stms, Stms-Stmi, NsLs-FH, LsNsLi, LsNsPg', the angle of H decreased. Sn-Stms, Stmi-Me', Ns-Me', Sn-Me', NsLi-FH, NsPg'-FH, A'Ls-FH, B'Li-FH, LiB' Pg', CmSnLs, GSnPg', the angle of Z increased, there was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Hard tissue changes, SNB, L1-NB, IMPA increased, ANB, U1-SN, U1-NA, FMIA decreased, there was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSagittal relationship between upper- and lower-jaws is effectively improved after orthopedics with Twin-block appliance. Lower face height increases. Soft tissue profile tends to be straight-styled.

PURPOSE: Computed radiography (CR) has been used in cephalometric radiography and many studies have been carried out to improve image quality using various digital enhancement and filtering techniques. During CR image acquisition, the frequency rank and type affect to the image quality. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic quality of conventional cephalometric radiographs to those of computed radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The diagnostic quality of conventional cephalometric radiographs (M0) and their digital image counterparts were compared, and at the same time, six modalities (M1-M6) of spatial frequency-processed digital images were compared by evaluating the reproducibility of 23 cephalometric landmark locations. Reproducibility was defined as an observer's deviation (in mm) from the mean between all observers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In comparison with the conventional cephalometric radiograph (M0), M1 showed statistically significant differences in 8 locations, M2 in 9, M3 12, M4 in 7, M5 in 12, and M6 showed significant differences in 14 of 23 landmark locations (p<0.05). The number of reproducible landmarks that each modality possesses were 7 in M6, 6 in M5, 5 in M3, 4 in M4, 3 in M2, 2 in M1, and 1 location in M0. The image modality that observers selected as having the best image quality was M5.
Cephalometry ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Radiography ; Reproducibility of Results

In plastic surgery, patient photography is a vital component of clinical, educational, legal, and research documentation. Optimal acquisition of photographic data requires a dedicated photography studio or a three-dimensional anatomic scanner, both of which are financially impractical for most clinicians. Simplified photo standardization is proposed for use in random clinical settings by using a portable device called the Mirror Stand (MirS). This model device aims to mimic a studio environment by incorporating the basic elements of producing consistent photographs. The pilot MirS is designed for facial photography. Images of 40 random subjects were obtained using the MirS with three different cameras. Real anthropometric measurements of each subject were collected, compared with the photographic measurements, and analyzed. In this study, all three cameras produced equally reliable measurements. Actual facial measurements were comparable to the photogrammetric measurements obtained from photographs taken using the MirS. A constant formula was derived; it allowed the conversion of photographic values into real anthropometric values. The MirS produced consistent photographs with respect to the measurements. The photographs obtained could be translated reliably into their real anthropometric measurements. Therefore, the MirS can be applied in daily practice, providing an efficient alternative for obtaining a standard justifiable photograph.
Anthropometry ; Cephalometry ; Humans ; Photogrammetry ; Photography ; Surgery, Plastic

PURPOSE: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal dimensions of individuals with skeletal class II, division 1 and division 2 patterns during the pre-peak, peak, and post-peak growth periods for comparison with a skeletal class I control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Totally 124 lateral cephalograms (47 for skeletal class I; 45 for skeletal class II, division 1; and 32 for skeletal class II, division 2) in pre-peak, peak, and post-peak growth periods were selected from the department archives. Thirteen landmarks, 4 angular and 4 linear measurements, and 4 proportional calculations were obtained. The ANOVA and Duncan test were applied to compare the differences among the study groups during the growth periods. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found between the skeletal class II, division 2 group and other groups for the gonion-gnathion/sella-nasion angle. The sella-nasion-B-point angle was different among the groups, while the A-point-nasion-B-point angle was significantly different for all 3 groups. The nasopharyngeal airway space showed a statistically significant difference among the groups throughout the growth periods. The interaction among the growth periods and study groups was statistically significant regarding the upper oropharyngeal airway space measurement. The lower oropharyngeal airway space measurement showed a statistically significant difference among the groups, with the smallest dimension observed in the skeletal class II, division 2 group. CONCLUSION: The naso-oropharyngeal airway dimensions showed a statistically significant difference among the class II, division 1; class II, division 2; and class I groups during different growth periods.
Cephalometry ; Malocclusion ; Nasopharynx ; Orthodontics ; Retrospective Studies