OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to establish the computer -assisted Delaire cephalometric analysis system with WinCeph8.0 in order to simplify the procedure of manual Delaire cephalometric analysis.

METHODSOn the basis of the theory of Delaire cephalometric analysis and the program module of WinCeph8.0, the landmark points and the auxiliary line were defined, the measurement and analysis program were written, then the computer-assisted Delaire cephalometric analysis system was established. Paired t-test and dispersion analysis of the computer-assisted and manual measurements were taken.

RESULTSComputer-assisted Delaire cephalometric analysis system was convenient and accurate to trace the landmark points and the auxiliary line. It was able to proceed the measurement and calculation automatically and display the analysis results. Statistical analysis showed that computer-assisted analysis was more accurate than manual analysis.

CONCLUSIONThis study provided a convenient, simplified, accurate computer-assisted analysis platform for Delaire cephalometric analysis which facilitated its clinical application.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the reliability of the OneCeph application according to personal computer (PC), tablet and smartphone screen size in comparison with Dolphin software on PC as a gold standard. Cephalometric landmarks were identified on 100 digital radiographs. Twenty-four cephalometric measurements were made with Dolphin software as a gold standard comparing with OneCeph application on smartphone (OS), OneCeph on PC (OP) and OneCeph on tablet (OT). All measurements were repeated after four weeks for intra-examiner reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). One-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test were done for measurement comparison between methods (Dolphin, OS, OP and OT). Results for OneCeph on smartphone and tablet, 21 measurements were comparable with Dolphin while other three (NLA, H-angle and UL to S-plane) were not. In OneCeph on PC, 20 measurements were comparable with Dolphin while other four (NLA, H-angle, U1 to A-point and UL to S-plane) were not. All different measurements were clinically insignificant except H-angle. Intra-examiner reliability represented ICC above 0.9. In conclusion, OneCeph application on three different screen size is reliable to use for cephalometric measurement. Most of the measurements are comparable with gold standard and adequate to be utilised in clinical routine. OneCeph on smartphone and tablet are advantageous from the portable feature over PC.
Cephalometry--instrumentation

PURPOSE: To compare cephalometric measurement between measuring methods in digital and conventional lateral cephalometric radiograph. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty digital and conventional lateral cephalometric radiographs were selected. In digital group, cephalometric measurements were performed manually using hardcopies and automatically using VCeph(TM) program on the monitor. In conventional group, the same measurements were performed manually on conventional films, and for automatic measurement conventional films were digitized by scanner. All measurements were performed twice by 4 observers, and 24 cephalometric variables were calculated and the time spent for each measurement was recorded. The differences in measurements data and the time spent for each measurement were compared within each group. Intra-observer and inter-observer comparisons were performed. RESULTS: In both groups, no statistically significant difference between manual and automatic measurements was observed and most of the variables didn't show statistically significant differences between methods. The observer with less experience tended to show statistically significant differences of measurements between methods, and differences from other observers. The differences of measurements between methods in digital group were lesser than those of conventional group with statistical significance in 8 variables out of 24. With automatic method and in digital group, the spent time was shorter. CONCLUSION: With direct digital radiograph, automatic method using manually idenitified landmarks can be preferable in cephalometric analysis.
Cephalometry ; Radiographic Image Enhancement

No abstract available.
Cephalometry ; Prognathism* ; Retrognathia*

The cephalometry can not always to evaluate accurate the real human skull. The reconstructed 3 dimensional image of CT(Computed Tomogram) is more popular method of human skull evaluation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference between the measurements with the cephalometry and that with the 3 dimensional image of CT. Fifteen patients who visited yeungnam university hospital(from Nov. 1999 to Feb. 2000) underwent computed tomography and cephalometry. The average age was a 32-years-old. We measured the midface height(ANS-N, SE-PNS, ANS-SD), the total face height (Me-N, Me-ANS, ANS-UIE, Me-LIE, Me-ID), the midface horizontal(ANS-PNS, PNS-A, PNS-UIE), and the lower face horizontal(Go-Pog, Go-B, Go-LIE). After the acquisition of measurements using 3 dimensional CT and cephalometry statistical analysis was done with paired t-test(p< 0.05). Measured data of the midface height, the total face height and the midface horizontal showed no difference between the length at the cephalometry and that of reconstructed 3 dimensional image of CT, but the lower face horizontal showed statistically significant difference between the two. Both cephalometry and 3 dimensional CT image were accurate method for the measurement of midface height, total facial height and midface horizontal. However for the measurement of lower face horizontal, 3 dimensional CT seems to be a more accurate and reliable method.
Cephalometry ; Humans ; Skull

BACKGROUND: We conducted this study to analyze the values of the key cephalometric angular measurements of the mandible using 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography scans. METHODS: In the 106 enrolled patients, a 3D cephalometric analysis was performed to measure the angular variables of the mandible. These values were compared between the two sides and between the two sexes. RESULTS: The frontal measurements revealed that the mandibular body curve angle was larger on the left (Lt) side (right [Rt], 141.24+/-7.54; Lt, 142.68+/-6.94; P=0.002) and the gonial angle was larger on the right side (Rt, 134.37+/-8.44; Lt, 131.54+/-7.14; P<0.001). The sagittal measurements showed that the gonial angle was larger on the right side (Rt, 134.37+/-8.44; Lt, 131.54+/-7.14; P>0.05). Further, the transverse measurements revealed that the mandibular body curve angle was larger on the right side (Rt, 140.28+/-7.05; Lt, 137.56+/-6.23; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide an average of the mandibular angular measurements for the Korean population, establishing a standard for determining surgical patient groups and outcome evaluations in the field of mandible contour surgery.
Cephalometry ; Humans ; Mandible*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the hard and soft tissue changes following the treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion using Twin-block appliance.

METHODS50 Class II division 1 malocclusion subjects whose handwrist radiographs were in FG-G stage were selected. One group (27 patients) was treated with Twin-block appliance, the other group (23 patients) was observed without treatment The acquired data of cephalometric of two groups were analyzed statistically with SPSS 11.0.

RESULTSSoft tissue changes, Ls-E, Li-E, U1-Stms, Stms-Stmi, NsLs-FH, LsNsLi, LsNsPg', the angle of H decreased. Sn-Stms, Stmi-Me', Ns-Me', Sn-Me', NsLi-FH, NsPg'-FH, A'Ls-FH, B'Li-FH, LiB' Pg', CmSnLs, GSnPg', the angle of Z increased, there was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Hard tissue changes, SNB, L1-NB, IMPA increased, ANB, U1-SN, U1-NA, FMIA decreased, there was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSagittal relationship between upper- and lower-jaws is effectively improved after orthopedics with Twin-block appliance. Lower face height increases. Soft tissue profile tends to be straight-styled.

PURPOSE: Computed radiography (CR) has been used in cephalometric radiography and many studies have been carried out to improve image quality using various digital enhancement and filtering techniques. During CR image acquisition, the frequency rank and type affect to the image quality. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic quality of conventional cephalometric radiographs to those of computed radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The diagnostic quality of conventional cephalometric radiographs (M0) and their digital image counterparts were compared, and at the same time, six modalities (M1-M6) of spatial frequency-processed digital images were compared by evaluating the reproducibility of 23 cephalometric landmark locations. Reproducibility was defined as an observer's deviation (in mm) from the mean between all observers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In comparison with the conventional cephalometric radiograph (M0), M1 showed statistically significant differences in 8 locations, M2 in 9, M3 12, M4 in 7, M5 in 12, and M6 showed significant differences in 14 of 23 landmark locations (p<0.05). The number of reproducible landmarks that each modality possesses were 7 in M6, 6 in M5, 5 in M3, 4 in M4, 3 in M2, 2 in M1, and 1 location in M0. The image modality that observers selected as having the best image quality was M5.
Cephalometry ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Radiography ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo study the morphology of the soft palate in normal humans with digital radiography and to provide the references for therapy of the cleft.

METHODS106 normal people were involved. The morphology of the soft palate was observed with digital cephalometry.

RESULTSAll static images of soft palate could be divided into six types: Shuttle-shaped, crescent-shaped, strip-shaped, S-shaped, hamulus-shaped and anomalous shaped. The dynamic image was knee-shaped.

CONCLUSIONThe morphology of the soft palate is varied.

OBJECTIVETo identify certain craniofacial characteristics of untreated prepubescence Class II patients with deep and shallow mandibular notching.

METHODS18 untreated preadolescent Class II patients with deep mandibular notching and 17 untreated preadolescent Class II patients with shallow mandibular notching were selected. Each subject's pretreatment lateral cephalogram was traced. Seventeen angular and eleven linear measurements were made. The means and standard deviations were calculated for each parameter. The significance of difference between mean values was evaluated by the Independent-Samples T test. Differences were considered statistically significant when the P value was 0.05 or less.

RESULTSThere was no difference in ANB between two groups, but deep notch cases had more retrusive maxillary and mandibles with shorter maxillary and corpus. In vertical direction, subjects with a deep mandibular notch had a longer lower facial height and more vertically directed mandibular plane angle than did shallow notch cases, these may be caused by the increasing of alveolar height of maxillary, smaller ramus height and greater gonial angle.

CONCLUSIONThere were some differences in the craniofacial morphologies between deep and shallow notching groups of preadolescent Class II patients. Compared with shallow notching group, the mandibles with the deep notching rotated downward and backward and have more vertical directed tendency, but there have no obviously difference in horizontal relationship of maxillary and mandible between two groups.