By using extracellular single unit recording technique, locally suppressive effects of a single dose of ketamine on sub-cutaneous (s. c. ) bee venom-induced increase in firing of wide dynamic-range (WDR) neurons in spinal dorsal horn were investi-gated on urcthane-chloralose anesthetized cats. Injection of bee venom s.c. into the cutaneous receptive field (RF) resulted in asingle phase of prolonged, persistently increased firing of WDR neurons over background activity for more than 1 h. Local pre-treatment with ketamine (100 mM, 0. 1 m l) into the center of RF where bee venom was injected produced a dramatic suppressionof the increased neuronal firing by 60% (3.10± 0.42 spikes/s, n= 5) when compared with saline pre-treated group (7.61 ± 0.17spikes/ s. n = 5 ). Moreover, local post-treatment with the same dose of ketamine also produced a profound suppression of the in-creased neuronal activity by 81% (1.51±0.06 spikes/s, n=5) when compared with the saline post-treated group (7.76±0.15spikes s, n=5). However, s.c. administration with the same dose of ketamine into a symmetrical region on the bee venom un-treated contralateral hindpaw produced no affection on the increased firing of the WDR neurons, suggesting that the suppressiveaction of local ketamine was not the result of systemic effects. The present result suggests that ketamine may exert its localantinociceptive effects mainly through the peripheral NMDA receptors in addition to its partially potential blocking effects onsodium and voltage-sensitive calcium channels.

Objective To compare the clinical outcome of procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) and PPH + selective Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy(MMH) in surgical treatment of Ⅲ ～ Ⅳ stage hemorrhoids and research the best surgical procedures.Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 125 cases with Ⅲ ～ Ⅳ stage mixed hemorrhoids,they were non-randomized-controlled divided into PPH group (group 1) and PPH + selective MMH group(group 2),comparing the data of recurrence,complication and symptoms relief including anal prolapse,bleeding,anus fall feeling,wet anus and pruritus ani.Results While observing 3 years after operation,group 1 and group 2 both relieved symptoms of anal prolapse,bleeding,anus fall feeling,wet anus and pruritus ani.The relief rate of these symptoms in the two group were all high than 92%.There was one cases relapsed in the group 2 (the recurrence rate of 2%) was better than the group 1 (the recurrence rate of 13%) which were 8 case,there was a significant statistical significance (x2 =4.629,P ＜ 0.05) in the recurrence and clinical outcome.Conclusion Radical choose of PPH and selective MMH to treat Ⅲ ～ Ⅳ stage mixed hemorrhoids patients,which could relieve postoperative symptoms and acquire better long-term clinic outcomes.

Objective Serologic proteome analysis method (SERPA) was used to compare the different of the serum proteins between normal and pancreatic cancer patients' serum, and to find a new specific pancreatic cancer marker. Methods HPLC was used to eliminate albumin from the serum, two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to separate the proteins. After imaging collection and analysis, the different proteins between pancreatic cancer and normal subjects were cut for mass spectrometry. Results Four discrepancy proteins were obtained. Guanylate cyclase-activating protein 2 was highly expressed in normal serum but not pancreatic cancer. Hp2-alpha, transthyretin and KIAA1018 protein were highly expressed in cancer patients'serum but not normal people. Conclusions KIAA1018 may become a promising tumor marker for screening and early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To study the clinicopathological significance of Skp2 and E2F1 in the rhinosinus squamous cell carcinoma and chronic sinusitis. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of Skp2 and E2F1 in the routinely paraffin-embed-ded sections of specimens from patients with rhinosinus squamoas cell carcinoma (n=49), chronic sinusitis (n=28). Results The expres-sive positive rates and scores of Skp2 and E2F1 in rhinosinus sqnamous cell carcinoma were significantly higher than those in chronic sinusitis (P<0.01). The expression positive rates and scores were significantly decreased in middle-differentiated rhinosinus squamous cell carcino-ma. The maximal diameter of mass was less than 3cm, and no-metastasis of lymphnode or no-infiltration of regional rhinosinus can be found in T1N0M0. While in the low-differentiated rhinosinus squamous cell carcinoma, the maximal diameter of mass was larger than 3cm, and metasta-sis of lymphnode or infiltration of regional rhinosinus can be found(T3N1M0,T3N2M0) (P<0.01). The closely positive correlation was found between the expression of Skp2 and E2F1 in the rhinosinus squamoas cell carcinoma. Conclusions Skp2 and E2F1 might be important biologi-cal markers for carcinogenesis, progression, biological behaviors and prognosis of rhinosinus squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at codons 16 and 27 of β2-AR gene in pancreatic carcinoma and non-neoplastic pancreatic tissues,and the correlations between these SNPs and the expression of β2-AR protein in pancreatic carcinoma.Methods A total of 64 cases of pancreatic carcinoma (PC) and 20 non-neoplastic pancreatic tissues (NPC) were genotyped at codons 16 and 27 by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing.The correlations between the distribution of genotypes and clinicopathological characteristics of pancreatic carcinoma were analyzed.The expression of β2-AR protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in pancreatic carcinoma.Results The distributions of genotype frequency at codons 16 and 27 in PC and NPC were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinbery equeilibrium.The frequencies of their genotypes (AA,AG and GG) and frequencies of alleles A and G at codon 16 between PC and NPC showed no difference.The genotype frequencies were associated with TNM grade,lymph node metastasis,one-year survival rate (P=0.03,0.05,0.04),but they were not associated with patients' gender,age,histological differentiation and size of tumor.The allele G at codon 16 was frequently appeared in tumors with high TNM grade,lymph node metastasis,low one-year survival rate (P＝ 0.01,0.03,0.02),and high expressions of β2-AR protein (P =0.02).The frequencies of two genotypes (CC and CG) and frequencies of alleles C and G at codon 27 showed no difference between PC and NPC.The genotype frequencies and allele frequencies of codon 27 were not associated with patients' clinicopathological features,and expressions of β2-AR protein.Conclusions SNPs of β2-AR gene were associated with biological behaviors of pancreatic carcinoma.Allele G at codon 16 was associated with high risks of lymph node metastasis,high TNM grade,low one-year survival rate,and high expressions of β2-AR protein.Allele G at codon 16 might facilitate the progression and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma through elevating the expression of β2-AR.SNPs at codon 16 of β2-AR are new useful biomarkers for predicting biological behaviors and survival of pancreatic carcinoma and might be used as a new gene therapeutic target.

Objective To investigate the effect of focal cerebral ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on brain edema and the expression of nuclear factor-?B( NF-?B) and its target gene MMP-9. Methods Forty-five SD rats were divided into 3 groups in which control group received sham surgery only, and the other two groups received 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 22 hours of reperfusion with or without 10 minutes of IPC 3 days before. Brain water content, expression of NF-?B and MMP-9 mRNA were evaluated in each group by wet-dry weight method, immunohistochemistry staining and RT-PCR. Results Compared with the SS group, there was a lower NF-?B immunoreactivity and MMP-9 mRNA level (16 098.2?1 265.3 vs 23 565.8?1 978.4,50.7% vs 84.1%, P

Objective: To study the feasibility of the determination paracetamol in Gangmaoqing by HPLC. Methods: The paracetamol contents of the different samples of Ganmaoqing Tablets were determined by the dead stop titration and HPLC, respectively. Results: The dead stop titration was complex and the error was larger. Whereas HPLC was simple, quick with a good seperation and small error.Conclusion: HPLC is accurate and reliable and reproducible for the determination of paracetamol in Ganmaoqing Tablets.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the inhaled and food allergen distribution of patient with allergic rhinitis in north of Zhejiang and to analyze the difference of allergen distribution among different age groups. METHOD: One thousand and forty eight patients in north of Zhejiang diagnosed with allergic rhinitis in our outpatient department were tested with skin prick test (SPT). The positive rate of inhaled and food allergens were calculated. To analysis the difference of positive rate between children and adult. RESULT: Nine hundred and eighty-eight cases (94.3%) had the positive reaction. Dermato phagoides farinae and Dermatophagodies pteronyssinus had the highest positive ratio (72.1%, 71.8%) in inhalation group, followed cockroach (14.1%). In food group, Shrimp and peanuts had the highest positive ratio (18.3%,14.2%). Between children group and adults group, positive rate of food allergen was significantly different (P < 0.05), but of inhaled allergen was not significantly different. CONCLUSION The distribution of some allergens in children group and adults group was variable. The study shows that Dust mite was the mostly responsible common allergen in north of Zhejiang.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Air Pollutants ; immunology ; Allergens ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Food ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; immunology ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the applicative value of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) in the differential diagnosis of small hypoechoic thyroid nodules.Methods 31 patients were pathologically confirmed as having a total of 44 small hypoechoic thyroid nodules ≤ 1 cm in diameter,followed by analyses of the characteristics of their ARFI images,including virtual touch tissue imaging (VTI) and virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ).Based on VTI images of the nodules,the hardness of small hypoechoic thyroid nodules was respectively scored,and the ratios of VTI images to gray scale image areas were calculated.With pathological diagnosis as the gold standard,VTI scores,area ratios and VTQ values of the ROC curve in diagnosis of thyroid malignant nodules were sketched so as to explore the optimal cut-off points in VTI scores,area ratios and VTQ values in the diagnosis of malignant nodules.Results By the ROC curve test,VTI score of 3 was determined as the cut-off point of areas ratio,with the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing thyroid cancer being 96.0 ％ and 94.7％,respectively.There were 34 nodules with VTI score greater than 3 (including 9 benign nodules and 25 malignant nodules) and 10 nodules with VTI score of 3 or less (all benign nodules).Malignant thyroid nodules had higher ratio of VTI images to gray scale image area than that of the benign nodules (1.58 ± 0.18 vs 1.30 ± 0.10,P ＜0.05).When 1.47 was set as the cut-off point of areas ratio,the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing thyroid cancer were 80.0％ and 94.7％,respectively.The VTQ value of 2.76 m/s in diagnosis of thyroid malignant nodules was designated as the cut-off point,with a sensitivity of 88.0 ％,specificity of 94.7 ％.Conclusions The ARFI technique is able to provide information of thyroid nodule hardness,which guarantees its high applicative value in the differential diagnosis of small hypoechoic thyroid nodules.

To ensure the safety of the commercially available chenpi, a convenient and fast analytical method was developed for the determination of 133 pesticide residues in chenpi using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). In this study, different extraction solvents, redissolution solvents and adsorbents were tested according to the recovery and purification effect to obtain a modified QuEChERS method. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile. During the clean-up step, octadecyl-modified silica (C18) and graphitized carbon black (GCB) were selected, and aminopropyl (NH2) was used instead of primary secondary amine (PSA) because of its weaker ion exchange capacity which had little effect on the recovery of ditalimfos. Samples were quantified by matrix-matched calibration with internal stan-dards. All pesticides showed good linearity in the respective range, both with values of r2 >0.99. The average recoveries of the pesticides spiked samples ranged from 70.0％ to 112.2％ with the RSDs of 0.2％–14.4％. The modified QuEChERS method was validated and applied to twenty real samples. Five pesticides were found in eight batches, but no pesticide exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRL, MRL reference to European commission).