No abstract available.
Catatonia*

No abstract available.
Catatonia*

No abstract available.
Catatonia* ; Lorazepam* ; Seizures*

Lethal catatonia is a life-threatening febrile neuropsychiatric syndrome, mainly consist of bizzare behavior, mounting fever, extreme hyperactivity, stuporous exhaustion and evenlual death. Although the entity has been reported in the literaure for over 160 years, the rarity of the illness makes prompt recognition being very difficult tasks, particularly in young children. We experienced a typical case of lethal catatonia in 7-year-old boy who previously had no organic illness. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was the most successful mode of treatment among many therapies attempted. We feel that this could be the youngest case in the literature of lethal catatonia.
Catatonia* ; Child* ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Fever ; Humans ; Male ; Stupor

Several studies have reported on catatonia caused by the use of antipsychotic drugs and on the association between catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), but none has reported such a case in Korea. Here, we report the case of a 20-year-old woman whose catatonia and NMS appeared associated with the administration of an atypical antipsychotic drug. We discuss the association between NMS and catatonia due to neuroleptic use.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Catatonia ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ; Young Adult

Lethal catatonia is a rare and fatal clinical syndrome. It has diverse etiologies, both functional and organic. We experienced a man with left hemiplegia and striking catatonia. Brain imaging showed a large right hemispheric infarction and hypoperfusion. Symptoms and signs of catatonia were markedly improved after treatment of dopa-agonist and benzodiazepine. This case suggests that right hemispheric infarction could be a possible cause of lethal catatonia, and supports earlier clinical literature relating catatonia and the parietal lobe.
Benzodiazepines ; Catatonia* ; Hemiplegia ; Infarction* ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Neuroimaging ; Parietal Lobe ; Strikes, Employee

We describe a case of recurrent, life-threatening, catatonic stupor, without evidence of any associated medical, toxic or mental disorder. This case provides support for the inclusion of a separate category of "unspecified catatonia" in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5) to be used to classify idiopathic cases, which appears to be consistent with Kahlbaum's concept of catatonia as a distinct disease state. But beyond the limited, cross-sectional, syndromal approach adopted in DSM-5, this case more importantly illustrates the prognostic and therapeutic significance of the longitudinal course of illness in differentiating cases of catatonia, which is better defined in the Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard classification system. The importance of differentiating cases of catatonia is further supported by the efficacy of antipsychotics in treatment of this case, contrary to conventional guidelines.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Catatonia* ; Classification ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* ; Mental Disorders ; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ; Schizophrenia ; Stupor

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been recognized effective as primary or secondary treatments for major psychiatric disorders including depression and schizophrenia, as well as psychiatric emergency such as suicide, food refusal and catatonia, and so on. Medicines used in anesthetic induction for ECT, cause various reactions in autonomous, hemodynamic, and neuromuscular systems. The anesthetics also affect the duration, threshold, and intensity of seizures evoked with electric stimuli, and thus modify the seizure quality in ECT. Individual characteristics of age, sex, weight, comorbid physical disorders, and medications should also be considered for optimal clinical response after ECT. When preparing for anesthesia, adequate anesthetic agents and muscle relaxants, and rapid recovery should be carefully considered. We conducted a case-series study to address practical issues that are frequently encountered during ECT anesthesia with reviews of updated journals in order to provide practical helps to clinicians who are preparing ECT for their patients.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics ; Catatonia ; Depression ; Electroconvulsive Therapy* ; Emergencies ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Schizophrenia ; Seizures ; Suicide

Bipolar Disorder ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; Catatonia ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Psychotropic Drugs ; therapeutic use

Hashimoto's encephalopathy is a rare autoimmune disease, with symptoms of encephalopathy and high titers of serum anti-thyroid antibodies. Current diagnostic criteria include corticosteroid responsiveness, but in some cases, they are refractory to corticosteroids. In steroid non-responders, other immunomodulatory therapies could be applied. Recently, Rituximab is reported as a safe and effective treatment for Hashimoto's encephalopathy. We report a 50-year-old woman with Hashimoto's encephalopathy presented with confusion and catatonia who was refractory to corticosteroid and immunoglobulin but effectively treated with rituximab.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Antibodies ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Brain Diseases ; Catatonia ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunomodulation ; Middle Aged ; Rituximab ; Thyroid Hormones