Objective: This study validated the functionality and value of a Filipino version of the Glaucoma Quality-of-Life 15 Questionnaire (GQL 15) as a tool in managing glaucoma among Filipinos. Methods: The GQL 15 was translated using the forward-backward-forward translation method. Discrepancies were reconciled by the research group, producing a final forward translation (FFT). The FFT was pretested on patients from the University of the Philippines–Philippine General Hospital, along with the GQL 15. A multidisciplinary group of ophthalmologists and healthsocial-science experts analyzed the results of the pretest to determine the functionality and necessity of the FFT. The FFT was used on glaucoma patients composed of 1 set with glaucomatous automated visual fields, 1 set with glaucomatous disc photos, and a control group. The results were analyzed via an independent t-test. Results: The pretest in 9 patients showed that the FFT was functional. Majority preferred answering the FFT to the GQL 15. Differences were noted in the answers to FFT vs. GQL 15. A Filipino translation was deemed necessary. The answers of patients in the glaucomatous automated visual-field group (n = 14) and the glaucomatous disc photo group (n = 9) were significantly higher than those of the control group (n = 16) (p = 0.05). These results were similar to those of the GQL 15. Conclusions The Filipino version of the GQL 15 is a necessary and valid tool in managing glaucoma among Filipinos.
Glaucoma ; Quality of Life

Purpose: This study compared the safety outcomes of two intracameral fluoroquinolone antibiotics, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin, as prophylaxis treatment in eyes that underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery. Methods: This is a prospective, double-masked, randomized, interventional, single-center clinical trial. Eyes with visually-significant cataracts underwent phacoemulsification and received preservative-free intracameral 0.5% moxifloxacin [58 eyes (M group)] or 0.5% levofloxacin [56 eyes (L group)] at the end of the surgery as antibiotic prophylaxis. The following safety parameters were evaluated postoperatively at Day 1, Week 1 and Month 1: central retinal thickness (CRT), macular volume (MV), central corneal thickness (CCT), and endothelial cell density (ECD). In-between group comparison was made at each of the 4 study visits using Student’s t-test. Results: Both M and L groups had similar baseline characteristics. There were no significant differences in CRT, MV, CCT and ECD between the 2 groups at each time point in the study. There were no significant differences in the mean changes in CRT, MV, CCT and ECD from baseline to final visit between the 2 groups. No study-related adverse events were observed during the study period. Conclusion Intracameral application of preservative-free 0.5% moxifloxacin and 0.5% levofloxacin appear to have similar safety outcomes when used as antibacterial prophylaxis among eyes undergoing cataract surgery. Based on the results, both fluoroquinolone agents are potentially suitable options for endophthalmitis chemoprophylaxis.
Levofloxacin ; Moxifloxacin ; Fluoroquinolones