Prader-Willi syndrome( PWS) is a type of genetic disease,which is associated with low mus-cle tone,growth and development,progressive fatal obesity and sleep related respiratory disorders(SRBD). Ob-structive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome( OSAHS) is the most common type of SRBD. The cause,influencing factors and treatment of OSAHS in patients with PWS are described in this paper. To understand the degree of OSAHS in children with PWS,the polysomnography is recommended.

Articles, reviews and proceeding papers published from 2012 to 2015 in medical, chemical and physical journals with the highest IF were retrieved from 2014 JCR and analyzed using the BICOMB software to generate the co-occurrence matrix of authors and plot the map of co-authorship network in medical, chemical and physical fields using the UCINET software.The correlation between the parameters for assessing the importance of co-au-thorship network nodes ( degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, eigenvector centrality) and biblimetric parameters of authors ( number of published papers, frequency of cited papers) was analyzed using the SPSS, which showed that degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector centrality were positively corre-lated with the number of published papers and the frequency of cited papers whereas betweenness centrality was negatively correlated the number of published papers and the frequency of cited papers.Betweenness centrality was more significantly correlated with the number of published papers whereas degree centrality was more significantly correlated with the frequency of cited papers.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the methods of promoting nosocomial infection administration in laminar airflow(LAF) operation department,based on the theory of air microbe and object surface microbe. METHODS To begin with the construction standard of LAF operation department,to discuss difficult,complicating,professional and legal characteristics of nosocomial infection administration of LAF operating room. RESULTS It was a solid base of promoting nosocomial infection administrition to specify strictly the standard for the LAF operation department built;it was a vital link of promoting nosocomial infection administrition to take part in inspecting the engineering quality of LAF operation department;it is an effective means of LAF nosocomial infection administrition to carry out the supervision and control to the LAF operation department daily;it was the essense of promoting nosocomial infection administrition to make efforts to innovate the modern administration pattern in LAF operation department. CONCLUSIONS The management of hospital infection in the LAF operation department must emphasize the comprehensive measure of the all-directional germ control,make standard of decontamination of air conditioning guarantee system and carry out the whole process supervision.

OBJECTIVE To raise the sci-tech components of the infection control work guided by evidence-based medicine.METHODS To apply the basic principle of evidence-based medicine in the actual work and carry on the argument and analyses. RESULTS The implement of these measures under the guidance of evidence-based medicine could raise the level of the infection control work effectively,which included consult rule of the Hospital Infection Committee,collection of information in network,evaluation and analysis of the examination result of clinical microbiological laboratory,integreted and individualized dynamic monitoring method and diversity and whole process intervention measure.CONCLUSIONS The infection control work guided by evidence-based medicine can reduce the occurrence of the hospital infection effectively.

Objective To explore the relationship between adverse childhood experiences,negative emotions and interpersonal sensitivity.Methods Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACEQ),Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Interpersonal Sensitivity Subscale of Symptom Check-List (SCL-90) were applied to investigate the 492 new enrolled medical students.Results Boys got higher ACEQ scores than girls; Compared with only-child,non-only-child scored higher in depression,interpersonal sensitivity; Compared with students from non-rural areas,those from rural areas got higher scores in depression,anxiety stress,interpersonal sensitivity.There existed significant differences of scores on ACEQ,depression,anxiety,stress,interpersonal sensitivity among children of fathers of different educational level; while differences of scores on depression,anxiety,interpersonal sensitivity among children of mothers of different education level were statistically significant.There were significantly differences of scores on depression,anxiety,stress,interpersonal sensitivity among participants with 0,1,2 and 3 or more ACEQ.The results of correlative analysis provided evidence that adverse childhood experiences,all the factors of negative emotions and interpersonal sensitivity were significantly positively correlative.The SEM suggested that adverse childhood experiences had an indirect effect on interpersonal sensitivity through negative emotions.Conclusions Adverse childhood experiences has a great influence on negative emotions and interpersonal sensitivity.Negative emotions has a completely mediating role between adverse childhood experiences and interpersonal sensitivity.

Objective To study the expression of Gq protein in bronchopulmonary tissues of rats of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) model and the roles of inflammation in airway of COPD rats. Methods A total of 44 Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: nonsmoking control group, 1 month smoking group, 2 month smoking group, and intervention group (dexamethasone + smoking for 2 months). The pathological changes of lung tissues and the total and differential count of white blood cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in all groups were observed. The expression of Gq in bronchopulmonary tissues was detected by immunohistochemical method and Western blot analysis. Results More significant increases in total number of leukocytes and neutrophils in BALF were found in the model group than those in the control group. Gq was mainly expressed in airway epithelial cells, inflammatory cells, and pulmonary capillary endothelia. Weak expression of Gq was found in bronchopulmonary tissues in the control group, but overexpression of Gq in the model group. The ratios of Gq positive cells in bronchopulmonary tissues were significantly correlated with the number of white blood cells and neutrophils in BALF. The levels of expression of Gq were significantly higher in the model groups and intervention group than those in the control group. More significant decrease in Gq expression was found in the intervention group as compared with that in 3 month smoking group. Conclusion Gq may be involved in the process of airway inflammation in COPD. Inhibition of the Gq overexpression might be a new approach to the treatment of COPD. Corticosteroid might have some effects on the inhibition of the airway inflammation.

Objective To evaluate the anatomic morphology of submandibular fossa. Methods Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to analyze the anatomic morphology of submandibular fossa. Implants of various dimensions were virtually placed into the mandibular 1st and 2nd molar region. Spatial relationships among submandibular fossa , mandibular canal and implant were analyzed. Results The depth of the submandibular fossa was (1.0 ± 0.61)mm in the 1st molar region and (1.5 ± 0.61)mm in the 2nd molar region. There were no significant statistical difference in genders, sides, and tooth loss. The length of the implants was (19.7 ± 3.75)mm (d = 4 mm) and (18.6 ± 3.73)mm (d = 5 mm) in the 1st molar region and (16.2 ± 3.46) mm (d = 4 mm) and (15.2 ± 3.09)mm (d = 5 mm) in the 2nd molar region in patiens with teeth and lingual perforation; the length of the implants was (17.1 ± 3.77)mm (d = 4 mm) and (15.6 ± 3.85)mm (d = 5 mm), and (14.2 ± 4.05)mm (d = 4 mm) and (13.2 ± 4.27)mm (d = 5 mm) in patients with tooth loss, respectively. Conclusions Determination of spatial relationships among submandibular fossa , mandibular canal and implants by using CBCT has important significance in guiding dental implant surgery.

Objective To detect the expression and effect of human tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (hTRAIL) in vivo,by using a novel double expressing adenoviral vector encoding hTRAIL and firefly luciferase ( luc ) gene ( ad -luc-hTRAIL),in which luc was used as reporter gene.Methods Lung cancer A549 cell xenografts in 16 nude mice models were established in subcutaneous inoculation way,the adenovirus vectors ( ad-luc-hTRAIL,ad-hTRAIL,ad-luc) and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (n =4) as control were injected into tumor respectively.The size of the tumor was measured at different time points (4,7,10,14,21,28 d)after injection.The activity of luciferase in surface of the tumor was detected in vivo by using high-sensitivity cooled-charged coupled device(CCD) camera.The expression of hTRAIL was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry staining after sacrificing the animals at different time points,and immunohistochemical scores (IHS) were measured. The apoptosis rate of tumor cells was detected by using TUNEL and calculated. Analysis of variance,the paired t test and linear correlation analysis was used for the statistics. Results The growing speed of tumour xenografts was more slowly in ad-luc-hTRAIL and ad-hTRAIL groups than PBS group (t =2.71,2.72,P ＜ 0.05 ).The tumor volumes of ad-luc-hTRAIL,ad-hTRAIL,ad-luc and PBS groups 28 days after injection were (208.4 ± 42.3 ),( 181.5 ±23.9),( 403.1 ± 54.0 ) and ( 427.0 ± 59.3 ) mm3, respectively. There was no significant difference between ad-luc group and PBS group(t =2.07,P ＞ 0.05).The expression of luciferase in ad-luc-hTRAILgroup reached its peak at 7th day ( 1.37 ± 1.04),and then decreased quickly.The IHS and apoptosis rate in ad-luc-hTRAIL and ad-hTRAIL groups reached their peaks at 7th day,the peak values of IHS were 6.25 ±2.06 and 6.5 ± 2.89,the peak values of apoptosis rate were (60.75 ± 8.06 ) ％ and ( 61.50 ± 8.47 ) ％,respectively.The amount of luciferase expression ( absolute number of photons detected by CCD camera)was linear positive correlated with IHS and apoptosis rate ( rphotons/IHs =0.942,rph /rate =0.842,rIHs/rate =0.887,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The target gene hTRAIL can be transfected into lung cancer A549 cell xenografts nude mice models efficiently with a high level expression,and the therapeutic effect of hTRAIL can be monitored by detecting the expression of luc.

Objective To investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics and look for assay or examination indexes or indicators with higher sensitivity and specificity of heart damage induced by exhaustive exercise in order to establish its preliminary clinical classification and diagnostic criteria. Methods In a military region for training staff,the clinical data of 88 soldiers who were admitted to the departments of cardiology in 6 general or central hospitals because of exhaustive exercise from January 2000 to December 2010 were analyzed. The myocardial enzyme, electrocardiogram(ECG),echocardiography and other related examination indexes or indicators were observed,and the changes of symptoms,signs and other relevant assay and examination indexes before and after treatment were recorded. Results Exhaustive exercise could cause the symptoms such as chest tightness,palpitations,chest pain, dizziness,shortness of breath,fatigue,syncope and other symptoms,as well as cardiac auscultation abnormalities. After treatment, aspartate aminotransferase〔AST(U/L):20.34±6.33 vs. 35.43±25.25〕,α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase〔α-HBDH(U/L):130.47±9.04 vs. 168.93±62.69〕,lactate dehydrogenase〔LDH(μmol?s-1?L-1):2.48±0.62 vs. 3.58±1.34〕,creatine kinase〔CK(U/L):125.58±67.56 vs. 556.42±381.89〕,creatine kinase isoenzyme〔CK-MB(U/L):11.20±4.08 vs. 23.09±15.61〕were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01);cardiac troponin T(cTnT)was detected in 5 patients,its level after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment(μg/L:0.07±0.05 vs. 1.26±0.78,P<0.05). The ECG abnormalities included primarily sinus bradycardia (16 cases),sinus arrhythmia (13 cases) and premature ventricular contractions (11 cases). Echocardiographic abnormalities appeared in 18 cases,they were chiefly as follows:valvular regurgitation, cardiac dysfunction,cardiac enlargement,etc,among which the most common one was valvular regurgitation(all the refluxes were of small amount). Based on the above clinical manifestations and examination results,the exhaustive cardiac injuries were preliminarily divided into common type(20 cases),arrhythmia type(56 cases),heart failure type(2 cases)and sudden death(10 cases). Conclusions The clinical manifestations of exhaustive heart damage may appear in different types. Abnormal changes of myocardial enzymes,ECG and echocardiography are the strong evidences for the damage. Clinicians should pay attention to its prevention and treatment.

Objective To investigate the changes of electrolyte metabolism in patients undergoing moderate elective abdominal operation,and explore its relationship with postoperative complications.Methods The clinical data of 1117 inpatients (age ≥ 18 years) who had undergone moderate elective abdominal operation in the Department of General Surgery of Beijing Hospital from January 1,2011 to December 31,2011 were retrospectively analyzed.They received postoperative fasting for ≥ 3 days,and the preoperative liver function and renal function were normal.The perioperative electrolyte changes and clinical outcomes were recorded.For patients with normal preoperative electrolytes but abnormal postoperative electrolytes,its potential correlations with the postoperative infections and total complications were analyzed.Results The rates of abnormal postoperative electrolytes were as follows:potassium,24.1％ ; sodium,6.4％ ; chloride,27.6％ ; calcium,61.7％ ; magnesium,16.3％ ; and phosphorus,71％.The vast majority of ion levels were below the normal levels.The total complication rate was 19.7％ and the postoperative infection rate was 17.19％.Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the postoperative total and infective complications were significantly associated with the increased (P =0.007) or decreased (P =0.007) serum potassium,the decreased serum sodium (P =0.016),the decreased serum phosphorus (P =0.004),and the decreased magnesium (P =0.049).Conclusions Electrolyte decrease is common after moderate elective abdominal operations.There is a certain correlation between postoperative electrolyte decrease and postoperative complications.Therefore,attention should be paid to maintain electrolyte balance during the perioperative period.