Objective To analyzer the clinical significance of the Xpert MTB/RIF method for rapidly detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) and rifampicin resistance in clinic.Methods A total of 552 sputum samples were collected from the patients in the Huizhou Municipal Institute of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control and tuberculosis departments in 5 counties and districts from January 2015 to December 2015.Smear microscopic examination ,Xpert MTB/RIF nucleic acid detection and improved Roche culture were performed.The samples of culture positive were performed the drug susceptibility test.The sensitivity ,specificity of various methods for detecting MTB were evaluated.The results of conventional susceptibility test and Xpert MTB/RIF for detec-ting rifampicin resistance were compared and analyzed.Results Compared with the Roche culture method ,the sensitivity and speci-ficity of Xpert MTB/RIF for detecting MTB were 95.3% and 93.1%.In the comparison of drug resistance detection results ,the sensitivity and specificity of rifampicin resistance in all positive samples were 82.1% and 97.8%.In the consistency analysis of Xpert MTB/RIF and improved Roche culture for detecting MTB classification ,kappa=0.688 ,indicating that the results of the two methods had good consistency.Conclusion The Xpert MTB/RIF method can be used in MTB early rapid detection and screening of rifampicin resistance detection ,which is conducive to clinical rapid decision.