OBJECTIVE: To analyze the drug return in our hospital and to put forward countermeasures.METHODS: The drug return in our hospital from 2004 to 2006 was analyzed retrospectively in respect of the amount of money,drug variety and causes.RESULTS: The amount of money of returned drugs increased rapidly in 2005 than the previous year,but decreased in 2006.The major varieties were injectable drugs,followed by anti-infective drugs.Doctors' modification of medical orders was the main reason accountable for drug return.CONCLUSION: It is suggested that effective measures be taken in hospital to strengthen publicizing and management on the rational drug use,standardize procedure of drug return,and improve hospital computer system etc.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare gastroretentive slow- released Tinidazole capsules so that the drug can stay at the stomach and act to infective lesions for a long period of time so as to improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the adverse reactions.METHODS: The content of Tinidazole was determined by UV - spectrophotometry, the quality standard was established, the stability was studied, the levels of Tinidazole in saliva were detected with HPLC in human body and in vitro dissolubility and human bioavailability were studied .RESULTS: The capsules were stable in quality.The retentive period in artificial gastric juice has reached lOh and in vitro dissolubility(0.5h - 5h) could be described as zero order dissolution .The bioavailability was 163.6% .CONCLUSION: Gastroretentive slow - released Tinidazole capsule was an effective agent for treating HP - related diseases.

OBJECTIVE　To determine the concentrations of dopamine (DA) in human urine,studying the change of uric dopamine content before and after laser acupuncture treated Parkinsons disease patients.To estabilsh attemptly the standard of apprasing the treatment method which is combined traditional medical theory with modern technology.METHODS　The urine samples were extracted with organic solvent and determined by HPLC-RF.RESULTS　A good correlation was obtained between dopamine over 20～400 ng*mL-1 and peak height,r=0.9996.The recoveries of DA were (89.69±3.95)%～(92.99±6.5)% for urine samples.There was a close correlation between DA content and the severity of parkinsons disease.The DA content in urine of patients before acupuncture was less than healthy ones.DA content in urine increased most at 4 h and content still maintained high as normal scope at 12 after acupuncture.CONCLUSION　This HPLC-RF assay was sensitive,accurate stable and convenient.It is an important method to evaluate the effects of treated Parkinsons disease by laser acupunctrue.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of clinical pharmacists on the community hypertension and coronary heart disease management.Methods: The clinical pharmacy service management program for community chronic disease patients was designed, and the medication files of the patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease were established, and then the medication safety cognition and chronic disease medication of the patients were investigated.Pharmaceutical interventions were given twice for the irrational drug use and living habits and the views of pharmacy were put forward.The improvement of medication compliance, pharmaceutical opinion acceptance and blood pressure etc was evaluated, and then the drug cost and the cost of health care products were analyzed and evaluated.Results: The medication and hypertension compliance increased, the patients were satisfied with the clinical pharmacy service, and the acceptance rate of pharmaceutical intervention opinions was improved significantly.The total cost of medication was without significant change, and the cost of health care products decreased significantly.Conclusion: It is an effective way to expand the impact of clinical pharmacy performed by clinical pharmacists on chronic disease medication management in communities, which can improve the rationality and safety of drug use in the patients with chronic diseases and has positive effects in promoting the management of community chronic diseases.

Tacrolimus (Tac) is a commonly used immunosuppressant after organ transplantation, which has high immunosuppressive efficacy. However, the pharmacokinetics of Tac significantly differ among individuals, and gene polymorphism is the main influencing factor. In recent years, the gene polymorphism of drug transporter has become a novel research hotspot. Nevertheless, the effect of the gene polymorphism of transporter on Tac pharmacokinetics remains controversial. Consequently, the correlation between the gene polymorphism of transporter and Tac blood concentration plays a significant role in guiding Tac-based individualized immunosuppressive therapy. In this article, the research progresses on the gene polymorphism of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter and solute carrier (SLC) transporter in organ transplantation was reviewed. The correlation between the gene polymorphism of transporter and Tac blood concentration was summarized, aiming to provide reference for Tac-based individualized therapy.

Rejection has constantly been an unresolved challenge in the field of organ transplantation. The research on the mechanism of rejection plays a significant role in improving the efficacy of organ transplantation and enhancing the survival rate of graft. The innate and specific immune responses of the human body jointly participate in the graft rejection, leading to graft injury. In recent years, multiple researchers have conducted in-depth studies on the mechanism underlying the role of microRNA (miR) in regulating rejection. Among them, miR-155 has been widely considered as a key factor involved in immune regulation. The expression level and functional status of miR-155 may be intimately associated with the occurrence of rejection, which may become a new target for overcoming rejection. In this article, relevant studies on the role of miR-155 in regulating key immune cells in innate and specific immune responses were reviewed, aiming to provide novel ideas for the development of new immunosuppressants and rejection therapy.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has infected millions of people and caused hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. As there is no specific medicines or effective vaccines against 2019-nCoV at present, it is an alternative strategy to repurpose existing drugs for new diseases. Cyclosporin A inhibits the replication of coronaviruses by binding to cellular cyclophilins. Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine can block virus-receptor binding through interfering with terminal glycosylation of the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Trastuzumab prevents the binding of IL-6 to both sIL-6R and mIL-6R and thereby inhibits the cytokine storm syndrome induced by COVID-19. This paper discussed the potential anti-2019-nCoV effects of some common immunosuppressant including cyclosporine, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, and tocilizumab.

OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation between SLCO1B3 gene polymorphisms and early postoperative tacrolimus concentrations in renal transplant recipients. METHODS A total of 68 patients who underwent kidney transplantation in the First Hospital of Kunming were selected, tacrolimus plasma concentrations were monitored by chemoluminescence, CYP3A5*3, SLCO1B3 T334G and G699A gene polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction, and genotyping was performed to analyze the correlation between each genotype and tacrolimus plasma concentrations. RESULTS Different genotypes of CYP3A5*3 had significant effects on postoperative tacrolimus plasma concentration and standardized plasma concentration(P＜0.05), and different genotypes of SLCO1B3 T334G and G699A gene loci had no significant effect on postoperative tacrolimus plasma concentration and standardized plasma concentration. CONCLUSION Compared with CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype, CYP3A5*1 allele carriers need to reach the same tacrolimus concentration to increase tacrolimus dose. SLCO1B3 T334G and G699A gene polymorphisms has no effect on tacrolimus plasma concentration in the early stage after renal transplantation.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of gene polymorphism on plasma minimum concentration （cmin） of voriconazole （VRZ） in patients with invasive fungal infection. METHODS The Cochrane Library， Embase， PubMed， Web of Science， China Biomedical Literature Database， CNKI， VIP and Wanfang Data were searched for literature on the correlation between gene polymorphisms and cmin of VRZ from inception to April 2024. After screening the literature， extracting data， and evaluating the quality of the literature， meta-analysis was performed using R 4.3.2 software. RESULTS A total of 21 studies with 2 454 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the VRZ cmin of CYP2C19 IM and PM types was significantly higher than EM type， and the VRZ cmin of IM type was significantly lower than PM type （P＜0.01）. The VRZ cmin of CYP2C9 rs1057910 AA type was significantly higher than AC/CC type， and that of CYP3A5 rs776746 CC type was significantly higher than TT type （P＜0.01）. The VRZ cmin of POR rs10954732 GG type was significantly higher than GA and AA types， and that of POR rs1057868 CT type was significantly lower than TT type （P＜0.01）. The VRZ cmin of ABCB1 rs1045642 CC type was significantly higher than TT type （P＜0.05）. The VRZ cmin of NR1I2 rs2472677 CT type was significantly higher than TT type， and rs7643645 AA type was significantly higher than AG type （P＜0.05）. The VRZ cmin of ABCC2 rs717620 CC type was significantly lower than CT type and TT type， and the CT type was significantly lower than TT type （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Mutant alleles in CYP2C19， CYP2C9 rs1057910， CYP3A5 rs776746， POR rs10954732， ABCB1 rs1045642 and NR1I2 rs7643645 can lead to a decrease in VRZ plasma concentration， and mutant allele in ABCC2 rs717620 can lead to an increase in VRZ plasma concentration.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of gene polymorphism on plasma minimum concentration （cmin） of voriconazole （VRZ） in patients with invasive fungal infection. METHODS The Cochrane Library， Embase， PubMed， Web of Science， China Biomedical Literature Database， CNKI， VIP and Wanfang Data were searched for literature on the correlation between gene polymorphisms and cmin of VRZ from inception to April 2024. After screening the literature， extracting data， and evaluating the quality of the literature， meta-analysis was performed using R 4.3.2 software. RESULTS A total of 21 studies with 2 454 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the VRZ cmin of CYP2C19 IM and PM types was significantly higher than EM type， and the VRZ cmin of IM type was significantly lower than PM type （P＜0.01）. The VRZ cmin of CYP2C9 rs1057910 AA type was significantly higher than AC/CC type， and that of CYP3A5 rs776746 CC type was significantly higher than TT type （P＜0.01）. The VRZ cmin of POR rs10954732 GG type was significantly higher than GA and AA types， and that of POR rs1057868 CT type was significantly lower than TT type （P＜0.01）. The VRZ cmin of ABCB1 rs1045642 CC type was significantly higher than TT type （P＜0.05）. The VRZ cmin of NR1I2 rs2472677 CT type was significantly higher than TT type， and rs7643645 AA type was significantly higher than AG type （P＜0.05）. The VRZ cmin of ABCC2 rs717620 CC type was significantly lower than CT type and TT type， and the CT type was significantly lower than TT type （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Mutant alleles in CYP2C19， CYP2C9 rs1057910， CYP3A5 rs776746， POR rs10954732， ABCB1 rs1045642 and NR1I2 rs7643645 can lead to a decrease in VRZ plasma concentration， and mutant allele in ABCC2 rs717620 can lead to an increase in VRZ plasma concentration.