No abstract available.
Candidiasis, Oral* ; Fluconazole*

Candidiasis, Oral ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Humans

It is uncommon for a palatal fistula to be detected in individuals who have not undergone surgery, and only sporadic cases have been reported. It is even more difficult to find cases of acquired palatal fistula in patients with submucous or incomplete cleft palate. Herein, we present 2 rare cases of this phenomenon. Case 1 was a patient with submucous cleft palate who acquired a palatal fistula after suffering from oral candidiasis at the age of 5 months. Case 2 was a patient with incomplete cleft palate who spontaneously, without trauma or infection, presented with a palatal fistula at the age of 9 months.
Candidiasis, Oral ; Cleft Palate* ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Oral Fistula

Mucocutaneous infection with Candida spp. in infants ranges from such common conditions as thrush and diaper dermatitis to serious diseases with potential for systemic involvement. High-risk infants with mucosal or skin involvement with Candida spp. much more likely develop into systemic candidiasis. Consideration should be given to obtaining systemic cultures, skin biopsy and treating with systemic antifungal therapy in many such cases. We report a case of mucocutaneous candidiasis in a baby with extremely very low birth weight, who was treated with oral fluconazole.
Biopsy ; Candida ; Candidiasis* ; Candidiasis, Oral ; Dermatitis ; Fluconazole ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Skin

Geographic tongue is an inflammatory disorder of the tongue characterized by asymptomatic erythematous patches with serpiginous borders. Candidiasis of the tongue may be confused with geographic tongue. A 63-year-old male patient with painful white annular lesions localized to the left side of his tongue is presented. He applied topical corticosteroid and antiinflammatory agents, but his lesions did not respond to those therapies. Using direct mycologic examination and culture, the patient was diagnosed with candidiasis. After systemic and topical antifungal therapy, clinical improvement was observed. With this case, the clinical forms of oral candidiasis were discussed, and it was suggested that the clinical presentation of mucosal candidiasis may vary according to the stage of infection and individual immunity.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Candidiasis ; Candidiasis, Oral ; Glossitis, Benign Migratory ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tongue

Candida albicans is a commensal yeast normally present in small numbers as normal oral flora. In a certain condition, however, the yeast may proliferate and/or become invasive resulting in oral candidiasis such as denture stomatitis, and may even cause life-threatening systemic candidiasis. The present study was undertaken to test whether polyphosphate (polyP), which has been shown to be a strong antibacterial agent against a variety of oral pathogens, has antifungal effect on C. albicans. C. albicans ATCC 90027 was grown in Sabouraud-Dextrose broth with or without polyP. Anti-C. albicans activity of polyPs with various chain lengths was determined by measuring the growth of candidal cells at 540 nm. polyPs with chain length of 3 (polyP3) or higher effectively inhibited the candidal growth when added at the very beginning of the culture, whereas orthophosphate and pyrophosphate failed to do so. At the concentration of 0.05 percent, all the polyPs tested inhibited candidal growth. The effect of polyP65 that showed stronger anti-candidal effect than others at the concentrations tested and of Calgon (hexametapolyphosphate, practical grade) was further examined. The concentration of 0.03 percent was enough for polyP65 and Calgon to suppress candidal growth throughout the 48-h incubation. PolyP65 added to the growing C. albicans at its exponential phase was as much effective in inhibiting the candidal growth as added at the very beginning of the culture. It was found that 93.8 and 96.9 percent of the yeast cells lost their viability when polyP65 was added to growing C. albicans at the concentrations of 0.03 and 0.05 percent, respectively. Intracellular nucleotide release from the candidal cells incubated with polyP65 was only slightly increased and the nucleotide release was not reversed by the addition of divalent metal ions like Mg++ and Ca++. Under the transmission electron microscope, although the majority of growing C. albicans cells appeared to be atypical in their shape in the presence of polyP65, only a small number of the cells were observed to be lysed. The overall results suggest that polyP has a strong fungicidal activity against C. albicans, in which chelation-mediated cell lysis may not play the major role, but other novel mechanisms that possibly affect the viability of the yeast may be involved. Since polyP also has a strong antibacterial effect on oral pathogens, it may well be used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of oral diseases caused by a wide spectrum of microorganisms including C. albicans.
Candida albicans ; Candidiasis ; Candidiasis, Oral ; Ions ; Phosphates ; Polyps ; Stomatitis, Denture ; Yeasts

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the effects of pilocarpine mouth care on the condition and discomfort of the oral cavity in patients with terminal cancer. METHOD: A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group, pre- and post-test was used. The participants were 30 patients admitted to the hospice care unit of C university hospital. Fourteen patients received pilocarpine mouth care for 5 days. The other sixteen received general mouth care. RESULTS: Improvement in the condition of the oral cavity was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. Decrease in oral discomfort scores was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. The incidence of oral candidiasis was significantly higher in the control group compared to the experimental group. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that pilocarpine mouth care could be an effective intervention for relieving oral discomfort, improving the condition of the oral cavity, and decreasing the incidence of oral candidiasis in patients with terminal cancer.
Candidiasis, Oral ; Hospice Care ; Hospices ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mouth* ; Pilocarpine*

Background and Objectives: Oral candidiasis (OC) is a well-known local side effect of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of OC and its association with ICS-related factors in out-patient asthma and COPD patients of the Departments of Pulmonology and Pediatric Pulmonology of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from October 2019 to January 2020. Data was collected through a two-part questionnaire accomplished by doctors and patients with asthma or COPD. Results. A total of 67 patients were included in the study. Oral candidiasis was observed in 4 (5.97%) ICS users, and the prevalence was 1.65% to 14.59% (95% CI, SE: 0.028946). Conclusion This study determined the prevalence of oral candidiasis in asthma and COPD patients and its association with ICS-related factors, including the dosage, medication, device, and duration of therapy. The prevalence of OC in ICS users in PGH cannot be interpreted as high or low due to the small number of respondents, but is consistent with OC prevalence found in related literature. Increased prevalence was observed in adult females with asthma under low dose ICS therapy with Fluticasone/Salmeterol DPI for more than a year. There was no statistically significant correlation among OC prevalence, age, sex, and components of ICS-therapy including dosage, medication, device, frequency, and duration of therapy. A large-scale study is recommended for more accurate assessment of OC prevalence in the population and to determine statistically significant associations among the factors. It is also recommended to quantifiably measure patient compliance, inhalation technique and instruction, and its association to OC prevalence. Findings may be used to strengthen patient education, preventive measures, and disease management to facilitate improved compliance and effective treatment outcomes.
Candidiasis, Oral ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Asthma ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

ABSTRACT Methanolic extract from the leaves of Acanthus ilicifolius L. (A. ilicifolius L.) is a potent inhibitor of Candida albicans (C. albicans) growth and anti-inflammatory. C. albicans causes oral candidiasis in immunosuppressive condition. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling via p38 appears to discriminate between yeast and hyphal cells of C. albicans. Activation of p38 MAPK by hyphae results in the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. The p38 MAPK activation is known to impair corticosteroid action. The research was conducted to investigate the effect of methanolic extract A. ilicifolius L. treatment of oral candidiasis with the immunosuppressive condition through enhancement of p38 MAPK expression in the epithelial cells. Immunosuppressed conditions were obtained when 16 healthy male Rattus norvergicus (Wistar) was given oral administration of dexamethasone and tetracycline for 14 days and induced with C. albicans (ATCC-10231) 1 McFarland. The subjects were divided into four groups (n = 4/group): immunosuppression (IS), immunosuppression with oral candidiasis without treatment (ISC), immunosuppression with oral candidiasis and nystatin treatment (ISC+N), and immunosuppression with oral candidiasis and A. ilicifolius L. treatment (ISC+AI), and were treated for 14 days. Later, the rats were euthanised, and their tongue were biopsied. The p38 MAPK expression was subjected to immunohistochemical examination, observed under a microscope (400× magnification) and statistically analysed (one-way ANOVA, LSD-test, p < 0.05). The p38 MAPK expression of ISC+AI (36.05 ± 1.54) was higher than IS (26 ± 2.32), ISC (26.4 ± 3.71), IS+N (34.2 ± 0.99). Significant differences existed between ISC+AI and ISC+N to IS and ISC (p < 0.05). No significant differences were present between IS and ISC; ISC+AI and ISC+N (p > 0.05). Therefore, this treatment could enhance p38 MAPK expression in oral candidiasis with the immunosuppressed condition.
Acanthaceae ; Candidiasis, Oral ; Immunosuppression Therapy ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Background and Objectives: Oral candidiasis (OC) is a well-known local side effect of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of OC and its association with ICS-related factors in out-patient asthma and COPD patients of the Departments of Pulmonology and Pediatric Pulmonology of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from October 2019 to January 2020. Data was collected through a two-part questionnaire accomplished by doctors and patients with asthma or COPD. Results. A total of 67 patients were included in the study. Oral candidiasis was observed in 4 (5.97%) ICS users, and the prevalence was 1.65% to 14.59% (95% CI, SE: 0.028946). Conclusion This study determined the prevalence of oral candidiasis in asthma and COPD patients and its association with ICS-related factors, including the dosage, medication, device, and duration of therapy. The prevalence of OC in ICS users in PGH cannot be interpreted as high or low due to the small number of respondents, but is consistent with OC prevalence found in related literature. Increased prevalence was observed in adult females with asthma under low dose ICS therapy with Fluticasone/Salmeterol DPI for more than a year. There was no statistically significant correlation among OC prevalence, age, sex, and components of ICS-therapy including dosage, medication, device, frequency, and duration of therapy. A large-scale study is recommended for more accurate assessment of OC prevalence in the population and to determine statistically significant associations among the factors. It is also recommended to quantifiably measure patient compliance, inhalation technique and instruction, and its association to OC prevalence. Findings may be used to strengthen patient education, preventive measures, and disease management to facilitate improved compliance and effective treatment outcomes.
Candidiasis, Oral ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Asthma ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive