ObjectiveToinvestigatethecharacteristicsofsinglelacunarinfarct(SLI)andipsilateral multiple lacunar infarction (MLI), and the differences of risk factors and and pathologies betw een them. Methods The clinical data of al patients w ith cerebral infarction in acute internal carotid artery territory from August 1, 2008 to December 13, 2014 w ere analyzed retrospectively. Lacunar infarctions w ere screened according to the clinical manifestations and imaging findings. The patients w ere divided into a SLI, a unilateral MLI in the same blood supply area (MLI 1) and a unilateral MLI in the different blood supply area (MLI 2) group according to the number and location of the lesions show ed on diffusion w eighted imaging. Multivariate logistic regression analysis w as used to identify potential independent risk factors. Results The incidences of ipsilateral carotid plaque (73.33%vs.48.67%; χ2 =5.801, P=0.016), ipsilateral unstable carotid plaque ( 70.0%vs.42.5%; χ2 =7.192, P= 0.007 ), and ipsilateral carotid stenosis ≥50%(16.67%vs.1.77%; χ2 =8.327, P=0.004) of the MLI 1 group w ere significantly higher than those of the SLI group; the incidence of atrial fibril ation of the MLI 2 group w as significantly higher than that of the SLI group (40.0%vs.0.88%; χ2=15.887, P<0.001); there w ere no significant differences in the remaining risk factors among each group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that atrial fibrilation (odds ratio [OR] 14.452, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.558-134.011; P=0.019) and ipsilateral carotid stenosis ≥50% (OR 11.483, 95%CI 2.202-59.891; P=0.011) w ere the independent risk factors for MLI. Conclusions MLI may have different risk factors and pathogeneses w ith SLI. Atherosclerotic lesions and embolism are the important pathogeneses of MLI, w hile SLI is not.

Objective To observe the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on intestinal microbiota and brain function in sepsis rats. Methods Sixty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into sham operation group, model group and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) group by random number table, each group 20 rats. The rat model of sepsis was established by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10 mg/kg in tail vein. FMT group received nasogastric infusion of feces from healthy donor. Fecal samples were collected on the 6th day after the modeling to detect the levels of intestinal microbiota composition; the brain function was also evaluated by electroencephalogram (EEG), and the proportion of each waveform in EEG was calculated. After sacrifice of rats in different groups, the brain tissues were taken, the levels of protein expression and positive cells of Iba-1 in brain tissue were detected by Western Blot and immunohistochemistry method. Results ① Intestinal flora analysis showed that: the diversity index and Chaol index of the intestinal microbiota in model group were significantly lower than that in sham operation group (observed species:282±40 vs. 473±37, Chao1 index: 730±21 vs. 837±27, both P < 0.05); compared with the model group, the diversity index and Chaol index in FMT group were obviously higher (observed species: 461±20 vs. 282±40, Chao1 index:840±16 vs. 730±21, both P < 0.05). At phylum, family, genus level analysis showed that the proportion of Firmicutes phylum and Fusobacterium were obviously lower than those of sham operation group [Firmicutes phylum (22.12±1.34)% vs. (78.01±1.23)%, Fusobacterium: (2.03±0.17)% vs. (5.03±0.19)%, both P < 0.05], and the proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes phyla and Acidaminococcaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, Enterbacteriacecae, Alistipes were markedly higher in model group [Proteobacteria: (70.21±2.35)% vs. (19.45±2.17)%, Bacteroidetes phyla: (4.12±0.19)% vs. (2.50±0.64)%, Acidaminococcaceae: (12.51±0.87)% vs. (1.01±0.12)%, Fusobacteriaceae: (13.62±1.27)% vs. (2.31±0.19)%, Enterbacteriacecae: (18.24±2.13)% vs. (4.15±1.51)%, Alistipes: (4.53±0.27)% vs. (1.47±0.33)%, all P < 0.05]; compared with the model group, the proportion of Firmicutes phylum and Faecalibacterium in FMT group were significantly higher [Firmicutes phylum: (72.14±2.31)% vs. (22.12±1.34)%, Faecalibacterium: (5.01±0.27)% vs. (2.03±0.17)%, both P < 0.05], and Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes phyla and Acidaminococcaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, Enterbacteriacecae in FMT group were obviously lower [Proteobacteria: (14.23±1.98)% vs. (70.21±2.35)%, Bacteroidetes phyla: (3.15±0.18)% vs. (4.12±0.19)%, Acidaminococcaceae: (0.91±0.11)% vs. (12.51±0.87)%, Fusobacteriaceae: (1.25±0.15)% vs. (13.62±1.27)%, Enterbacteriacecae: (3.50±0.21)% vs. (18.24±2.13)%, all P < 0.05]. ② EEG analysis showed that the percentages of δ wave in EEG in model group was significantly higher after modeling than that in sham operation group [(16.86±0.50)% vs. (10.67±0.65)%, P < 0.05]; the ratios of δ wave in EEG was significantly lower in FMT group than that in the model group [(12.87±0.60)% vs. (17.35±0.41)%, P <0.05]. The incidence of abnormal EEG in sham operation group was 0, the incidence of abnormal EEG in model group was significantly increased [the ratios of δpredominant wave, θpredominant wave, low-voltage were 66.7% (6/9), 66.7% (6/9), 77.8% (7/9) respectively], the ratios of above abnormal waves in EEG in FMT group were obviously lower than those in model group [the ratios of above abnormal waves in FMT group were respectively 9.1% (1/11), 9.1% (1/11), 18.2%(2/11)]. ③ Western Blot analysis showed that the protein expression of Iba-1 in cortex in model group obviously was higher than that in sham operation group (Iba-1/β-actin: 1.39±0.16 vs. 0.67±0.18, P < 0.05); the expression of Iba-1 in cortex tissue of FMT group was markedly lower than that in model group (Iba-1/β-actin: 0.51±0.14 vs. 1.39±0.16, P < 0.05). ④ Immunohistochemistry of Iba-1 in cortex analysis showed that there were no Iba-1 positive cells in the cortex in sham operation group; Iba-1 positive cells were found in the cortex in model group; the number of Iba-1 positive cells in FMT group was less than that in model group. Conclusion FMT can improve the construction of intestinal microbiota, and ameliorate the brain dysfunction in SAE.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of acute pancreatitis.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinical data of 558 patients with acute pancreatitis who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from June 2015 to June 2023 were collected. There were 352 males and 206 females, aged (46±15)years. Observation indicators: (1) general situations of acute pancreatitis patients; (2) etiology of acute pancreatitis patients; (3) severity of acute pancreatitis patients; (4) chronic diseases in acute pan-creatitis patients; (5) complications in acute pancreatitis patients; (6) subgroup analysis of patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data was analyzed using the rank sum test. Bonferroni correction was used for pairwise comparison. Results:(1) General situations of acute pancreatitis patients. There were significant differences in gender, age, total duration of hospital stay, smoking, and alcohol consumption between the first episode of acute pancreatitis patients and the recurrent acute pancreatitis patients ( P<0.05). (2) Etiology of acute pancreatitis patients. There were significant differences in gallstones and hyperlipidemia between the first episode of acute pancreatitis patients and the recurrent acute pancreatitis patients ( P<0.05). (3) Severity of acute pancreatitis patients. Of the 443 patients with first episode of acute pancreatitis and 115 patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis, cases with mild acute pancreatitis, cases with moderate-severe acute pancreatitis, cases with severe acute pan-creatitis were 320 and 83, 24 and 9, 99 and 23, showing no significant difference between them ( P>0.05). (4) Chronic diseases in acute pancreatitis patients. There were significant differences in com-plication as hyperlipidemia, fatty liver and diabetes between the first episode of acute pancreatitis patients and the recurrent acute pancreatitis patients ( P<0.05). (5) Complications in acute pancrea-titis patients. There was no significant difference in terms of acute necrotic collection, acute peripan-creatic fluid accumulation, walled-off necrosis, pancreatic pseudocyst, infectious pancreatic necrosis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, respiratory system complications, circulatory system complications, renal complications, sepsis, abdominal compartment syndrome, or pancreatic ence-phalopathy between the first episode of acute pancreatitis patients and the recurrent acute pancrea-titis patients ( P>0.05). (6) Subgroup analysis of patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis. ① Combination with chronic diseases. Of the 115 patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis, cases with mild acute pancreatitis, cases with moderate-severe acute pancreatitis, cases with severe acute pancreatitis were 83, 9, 23, and there were 25, 8, 11 cases of them with hyperlipidemia, respectively, showing a significant difference among them ( P<0.05). ② Complications. Of the 115 patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis, there were 44 cases with hyperlipidemia and 71 cases without hyper-lipidemia, and there were significant differences in acute peripancreatic fluid accumulation and renal complications between them ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Recurrent acute pancreatitis is more common in males. Compared with first episode of acute pancreatitis, cases with recurrent acute pancreatitis usually have younger age, shorter total duration of hospital stay, higher proportion of smoking and drinking. The etiology of recurrent acute pancreatitis is composed of lower levels of biliary diseases and higher levels of hyperlipidemia. Patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis have higher proportion of comorbidities as hyperlipidemia, fatty liver and diabetes. There was no signifi-cant difference in the incidence of complications between first episode of acute pancreatitis and recurrent acute pancreatitis. Compared with recurrent acute pancreatitis patients without concomi-tant hyperlipidemia, recurrent acute pancreatitis patients with concomitant hyperlipidemia are more prone to acute peripancreatic fluid accumulation and renal complications.

OBJECTIVE To establish the fing erprint of Temurin- 5 powder，conduct chemical pattern recognition analysis ，and determine the contents of 4 components simultaneously. METHODS The fingerprints of 10 batches of Temurin- 5 powder were established and similarity evaluation was performed by using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）combined with the Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprints of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 edition）；common peaks were identified by comparing with mixed substance control. The common peaks were analyzed by systematic cluster analysis and principal component analysis with SPSS 26.0 software. The HPLC method was used to determine the contents of gallic acid ， geniposide，chlorogenic acid and ellagic acid in 10 batches of samples. RESULTS A total of 15 common peaks were identified from the fingerprints of 10 batches of Temurin-5 powder，and the similarity was 0.997-0.999. It was identified that peak 1 was gallic acid ，peak 3 was geniposide ，peak 5 was chlorogenic acid and peak 12 was ellagic acid. Among the 10 batches of samples ， S4 and S 9 were grouped into one category ，S6-S8 were grouped into one category ，and the other batches of samples were grouped into one category. The accumulative variance contribution rate of first three principal components was 89.245％. The linear ranges of gallic acid ，geniposide，chlorogenic acid and ellagic acid were 5.55-177.5，15.98-511.5，2.56-82.0 and 13.48-431.5 μg/mL， respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability（24 h）and repeatability tests were all less than 2％（n＝6 or n＝7）. The average recoveries were 101.56％，102.21％，98.60％ and 96.62％，respectively，RSDs were 1.90％，1.61％，1.58％ and 1.73％（n＝6）. Average contents of above components were 5.03-5.64，10.38-12.16，1.40-1.69，6.47-7.11 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established fingerprint is stable and feasible ，and the content determination method meets the relevant regulations. Combined with chemical pattern recognition analysis ，it can be used for the quality control of Temurin- 5 powder.

Objective To explore the mechanisms of ligament of Marshall (LOM) initiat and sustain atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods The electrophysiologic properties of canine LOM were investigated using multipolar catheter mapping(normal canines,n =4,group A;AF canines,n =5,group B).The programmed stimulation were performed in the LOM,PV-left atrium(LA)junction and LA,respectively.Activations maps of LOM were analyzed from episodes of spontaneous onset of AF and initiation of induced AF by a single extrastimulus.The effectives refractory period of each part was compared and statistically analyzed among three parts in each group and between the two groups.LOM were cutted with surgical incision technology.The inducing rate of AF and the mapping rate of double potential and fragmented electrocardiogram were compared and statistically analyzed pro and post isolation of LOM.Results The incidence of abnormal potential of LOM in the two groups was significantly different(P ＜0.01),re-entry cycle(group A 25％ vs.B group 80％),tachycardia(group A 25％ vs.B 100％),double potential(group A 25％ vs.group B 80％),fragmentation potential(group A 25％ vs.group 80％).There was a significant difference in the rate of LOM tachycardia induction before and after LOM intervention in group B (P ＜ 0.05,before 100％ vs.after 20％).Conclusion There are two possible mechanisms of LOM involved in the occurrence and maintenance of AF:one is that LOM induces AF through spontaneous excitation,the other is that LOM participates in the reentry of left atrium and pulmonary vein in the form of bypass to induce and maintain AF.

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of resveratrol on gemcitabine chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer and the possible molecular mechanism. 【Methods】 Gemcitabine resistant cell lines were screened by continuous low concentration increasing induction. High-throughput RNA-seq was used to analyze the differential expression enrichment pathway, COMET assay was used to detect DNA damage, Western blotting was used to detect related pathway indicators, and Chou-Talalay was used to calculate drug combination synergistic index. AutoDock predicts docking targets for small molecules and proteins. 【Results】 DNA damage repair related pathways were activated in drug-resistant cell lines compared with their parents. Resveratrol enhanced the DNA damage effects induced by gemcitabine (P<0.01). Resveratrol inhibited the expression of PARP1, a key molecule of DNA damage repair, and played a synergic effect with gemcitabine (CI<1). Resveratrol has docking targets with the CAT domain of PARP1. 【Conclusion】 Resveratrol can inhibit PARP1, a key molecule of chemotherapy resistance, and has a synergistic effect with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer chemotherapy.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between objective ocular torsion and near stereopsis in patients with primary superior oblique overaction(PSOOA).METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 59 strabismus patients with PSOOA who underwent strabismus surgery at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between January 2019 and November 2023 were collected. Based on the collected fundus photographs and the position of the fovea relative to the horizontal line through the optic disc, the eyes were categorized as incyclotorsion, excyclotorsion, or no cyclotorsion. Additionally, the fovea-disc angle(FDA)and the relationship between objective ocular torsion status, FDA, and near stereopsis function in the patients were further measured and analyzed.RESULTS: Totally 59 patients(92 eyes)showed superior oblique overaction. There were no cases of excyclotorsion, 32 cases with no cyclotorsion, and 27 cases with incyclotorsion. The total binocular FDA was significantly smaller in the no-cyclotorsion group compared with the incyclotorsion group(2.83°±2.89° vs 16.12°±5.74°, P<0.001). The preservation rates of near stereopsis were 66% and 15% in the no-cyclotorsion and incyclotorsion groups, respectively, with a significant statistical difference(P<0.001), and the preservation rates of fine near stereopsis were 38% and 11% in the no-cyclotorsion and incyclotorsion groups, respectively, with a significant statistical difference(P=0.02). Among all patients, near stereopsis was correlated with total binocular FDA(r=-0.526, P<0.001), with the strongest correlation observed with the FDA of the incyclotorsion(r=-0.546, P<0.001). In the incyclotorsion group, there was no correlation between near stereopsis and total binocular FDA(r=-0.366, P=0.060), with a negative correlation between near stereopsis and the FDA of both the incyclotorsion and the overaction(r=-0.424, P=0.028; r=-0.485, P=0.010). In the no-cyclotorsion group, near stereopsis was not correlated with total binocular FDA, incyclotorsion FDA, or overaction FDA.CONCLUSION:PSOOA patients with incyclotorsion have a lower preservation rate of near stereopsis than those without cyclotorsion. Near stereopsis function of patients with PSOOA is negatively correlated with total binocular FDA, especially the greater the FDA of the incyclotorsion and overaction, the worse the near-stereoscopic function.