AIM:To determine the content of the trace arsenic and mercury in Fructus Mume and Fructus Mume charcoal. METHODS:Atomic fluorescence spectrometry was used. RESULTS:The content of arsenic in Fructus Mume is 0.0597～1.0001 mg?g -1, that of mercury is 0.0198～0.0300 mg?g -1. CONCLUSION:This method is simple to handle, the quantitative analysis is accurate.

Aim To investigate the effects of bone morphogenic protein(BMP)-7 on the expression of extracelluar matrix components(ColⅠand FN)in human renal proximal tubular cells(HK-2)induced by transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1),and to explore the inhibition of BMP-7 on renal interstitial fibrosis.Methods HK-2 cells were treated with TGF-?1,BMP-7,or a combination of both for 48 h.The expression of FN was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of FN and ColⅠ?1.Results Indirect immunofluorescence staining showed that FN staining in 3 ?g?L-1 TGF-?1 group was considerably stronger than that in control group.By an addition of 200 ?g?L-1 BMP-7,the expression of FN was significantly inhibited.RT-PCR and Western blot showed the mRNA and protein expression of FN and ColⅠ?1 were up-regulated by TGF-?1 after 48 hours significantly(P

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of zolpidem tartrate in microsamples of rat plas-ma. METHODS:Rats were given zolpidem tartrate solution 3 mg/kg intragastrically,and 0.2 ml blood sample were collected and isolated. 50 μl plasma was precipitated by methanol,and the supernatant was determined by HPLC-fluorescence combined with ex-ternal method. Agilent HC-C18 column was used with mobile phase consisted of 0.03 mol/L KH2PO4 solution(containing 0.2% tri-ethylamine)-methanol (33∶67,V/V) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The excitation and emission wavelengths were 254 nm and 390 nm,respectively. The sample size was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear ranges of zolpidem tartrate in plasma was 2-200 μg/L(r=0.999 7),and the limit of quantification was 2 μg/L. The method recoveries of zolpidem were (96.96 ± 1.35)%-(105.0 ± 5.36)%(RSD=2.20%-4.88%,n=5),and extraction recoveries were (79.72 ± 0.01)%-(80.77 ± 0.02)%(RSD=1.34%-3.90%,n=5). The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were 1.40%-5.10% and 3.22%-9.25%(n=5),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,sensitive and suitable for the content determination of zolpidem tartrate in microsamples of plasma.

Objective To evaluate the applicability of small molecular markers of nephrotoxicity that in prediction of drug toxicity.Method Extracts of five kinds of traditional Chinese medicines (Tripterygium wilfordii,Strychni semen,Aristolochiafangchi,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,and Xanthium sibiricum) that had known as nephrotoxicity were ig given to rats to establish renal injury models,and the blood samples were collected after administration for 1 and 7 d.Then blood samples were analyzed by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS for five kinds of small molecule biomarkers-thymidine,lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC 16:1),LPC (18:4),LPC (20:5),and LPC (22:5).The support vector machine (SVM) prediction model was established to determine the toxicity.The levels of Cr and BUN in serum were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer.The rats in each group were sacrificed after blood collection,and the kidneys were taken for HE staining.Result No toxicity was observed in the control group,and the biochemical test results showed no renal injury after mentioned five kinds Chinese herbs were given for 1 d,while SVM model of nephrotoxicity had been found abnormal.After administration for 7 d,the results of SVM model show renal toxicity,which were consistent with biochemical and pathological examination.Conclusion Metabonomics combined with the earlier established SVM model enabled prediction of drug nephrotoxicity more sensitively,quickly and \ccurately,and it is of great significance for the discovery of drug toxicity as well as the prevention and treatment of drug-induced renal injuries in clinic.

Objective To analyze type of irrational outpatient infusion prescriptions returned by clinical pharmacists'pre -prescription review and intervention in our hospital.Methods Outpatient infusion prescriptions reviewed by clinical pharmacists in 2014 were statistically analyzed in terms of type,constitution and rate of qualified prescriptions.Results Type of unstandard writing or input errors prescriptions accounted for 35.19%,which was the great majority of the irrational outpatient infusion prescriptions.The rate of qualified prescriptions was 99.15%,which was higher than 91.53% in 2011 when pre -prescription review and intervention had not implemented.Conclusion Pre -prescription review and intervention could improve the quality of outpatient infusion prescriptions.Finally,safety and effectiveness of outpatient infusion could be guaranteed.

Objective To evaluate the imaging features of patients with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) induced by Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease (SIVD), through magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging ( DTI ) and proton spectroscopy ( MRS ) technology. Methods A total of 52 patients with SIVD were enrolled. After analysis of scale score, 32 patients with cognitive impairment were assigned to VCI group and 20 patients with no cognitive impairment were assigned to control group. Both group received DTI and MRS examination. The mean values of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the bilateral temporal, frontal, parietal and occipital white matter regions as well as in the bilateral centrum semiovale were calculated. The peak value of MRS of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) , choline ( Cho), creatine (Cr) and phaseomannite ( mI ) were calculated. Results Compared with control group, FA decreased in the region of temporal, frontal, parietal as well as in the centrum semiovale , and ADC increased in VC[group ( P ＜ 0.05 ) . In the frontal regions and centrum semiovale,the VCI patients had a significant FA decrease. The ADC value increased obviously in the temperal lobe.Spectrum analysis results showed, NAA/Cr was lower than control group in VCI group in the frontal lobe (1.43 ±0.08 vs 1.53 ± 0. 92), while mI/Cr was higher than control group in the temporal lobe(0. 51 ±0. 06 vs 0. 46 ± 0. 07 ) ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion FA in the temporal and centrum semiovale regions of VCI group and NAA in the temporal white matter regions decreased obviously. DTI and MRS could provide a reference value for early diagnosis and assessment of VCI.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of intravenously use of ambroxol in treatment of mechanical ventilator patients.Methods Meta-analysis was used.The Cochrane Library,PubMed,Elsevier (ScienceDirect),OVID series medical databases and domestic main databases were searched,the quality of included studies was evaluated by certain standards.The Review Manager 5.0 software was used for analysis.Results 14 studies were included,1 184 mechanical ventilation patients were involved.The Meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences between two groups in blood gas analysis,airway resistance and pressure and lung compliance.However,there were no differences between two groups in expectorant effect and VAP incidence.Conclusions Intravenously use of ambroxol in treatment of mechanical ventilator patients was effective.A large multi-center sample of high-quality clinical studies is needed to confirm the results.

AIM:To investigate the effect of NF-κB binding element deletion on transcriptional regulation of (NOX1).METHODS:pGL3-Basic vector inserted with the NOX1 proximal promoter, and the same vector inserted with the NOX1 proximal promoter in the absence of the positive NF-κB binding element, were constructed.After cloning, diges-tion and purification, NOX1 proximal promoter (≈1 415 bp) was inserted into the multicloning site of the pGL3-Basic vec-tor and then sequenced ( pGL3-NOX1-1415) .NF-κB binding elements in the NOX1 promoters were predicted by Alibaba 2.1 software.The positive element was deleted by overlapping PCR.The deletion mutant was inserted into the pGL3 vector in the same way (pGL3-NOX1-1327).The plasmids were transfected into A549 cells, and then the cells were stimulated with TNF-α.The luciferase activity was monitored on MD SpectraMax M5 enzyme-labeled instrument.RESULTS:The se-quences of pGL3-NOX1-1415 and pGL3-NOX1-1327 were identified to be correct.Compared with control group, the lucif-erase activity was significantly higher in the cells transfected with pGL3-NOX1-1327 (P<0.05), but it was significantly lower than that in the cells transfected with pGL3-NOX1-1415 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: NF-κB plays an essential role in the transcriptional regulation of NOX1 in TNF-α-induced A549 cells.Activated NF-κB binds to specific elements in NOX1 promoter regions to control the transcription.

Objective:To assess the nursing care experiences and curative effects of the application of wound care technologies combined with other multiple treatments in the hepatolithiasis patient who suffered from postoperative severe intestinal fistula.Methods:The wound care difficult points were analyzed,the wound care technologies combined with other multiple treatments including multiple debridement methods were applied according to the severity of the intestinal fistula:multiple debridement, new skin protection, continuous flushing and drainage with double cannula, improved negative pressure closure drainage and wound pull-in technology, combined with systemic treatment and nursing intervention.Results:The intestinal fistula was treated for 12 days, and the wound infection was controlled for 24 days. Finally the wound was healed after 43 days and patient was discharged from hospital.Conclusions:In the case of severe intestinal fistula after hepatolithiasis operation, the application of wound nursing technology combined with treatment scheme provides a new treatment idea and scheme for intestinal fistula and wound healing.

Objective To analyse the nutrients of Acaudina leucoprocta and explore its hypolipidemic effect. Method The nutrients constituents of Acaudina leucoprocta were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography,and was compared with Apstichopus japonicus. The hyperlipidemia model was estabolished by feeding SD male mice with high fat feed. The change of liver index and fat coefficient as well as the effects on serum lipid,antioxidant capacity of serum in rats were observed. Results The fat content of Acaudina leucoprocta was only 0.43%,significantly lower than that of Apstichopus japonicus. The content of amino acids in Acaudina leucoprocta was higher than that of Apstichopus japonicus. Acaudina leucoprocta would decrease the liver index,fat coefficient and TC,TG,LDL-C,LDL-C/HDL-C in serum significantly,and increase HDL-C and HDL-C/TC. MDA and NEFA contents were effectively reduced. GSH-Px activitives were enhanced. Conclusion Acaudina leucoprocta is very rich in protein,and low in fat content. It has hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects,and may reduce the oxidative damage caused by high fat diet. Acaudina leucoprocta may be used as a functional food.