Objective To investigate the awareness of knowledge,attitude and behavior about disinfection and sterilization among clinical health care workers (HCWs).Methods 200 clinical HCWs were investigated randomly by using questionnaires.Results The average awareness rates of knowledge,attitude and behavior about disinfec-tion and sterilization among HCWs were 71 .49%,63.79%,and 86.45% respectively.The awareness rates of knowledge about the expiration dates of sterilized articles,classification of infectious diseases,and biological moni-toring were 49.43%,42.53%,and 23.56%,respectively;HCWs’attitude towards disinfection and sterilization:awareness rate of whether they paid attention to the new technology in specialty of central sterile supply was the lowest (26.44%);86.45% of HCWs thought they could master the aseptic operation technique,correct applica-tion method for sterile apparatus and related items,but easily ignored to check the integrity of aseptic packages and indicators before operation (67.24%).Conclusion The knowledge,attitude and behavior about disinfection and sterilization among HCWs still need to be improved,training on knowledge about disinfection and sterilization among HCWs should be strengthened.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of MRI in the diagnosis ofbone Eosinophilic GranulomaI. Methods:The clinical and imaging materials of 13 patients with eosinophilic granuloma of bone proved by histopathology were analyzed retrospectively.The imaging examination included plain films(n=13),CT(n=12),and MRI(n=13).Results:MR identified all lesions;With one exception,all lesions were hypointense on T1-Weighted images and hyperintense on T2-Weighted images;The lesions and associated soft tissue abnormalities were very conspicuous on short T1 inversion sequences and T1-Weighed post-contrast images;Follow-up MRI studies in two patients after chemotherapy showed decreased size and enhancement of lesions compared with the baseline studies.Three lesions were not identified on plain films.MRI showed greater abnormality than plain radiographs did.CT could identify all lesions also,and the main imaging findings included bone destruction,adjacent bone cortex involvement,periosteal reaction and sof t tissue mass or swelling. Conclusion:MRI can clearly demonstrate the extent of bone involved, the change of soft tissue and sequestrum.It can also acquire the anatomic and pathologicd details of bone and and soft tissue.But X-ray film and CT may improve the diagnostic and differential diagnostic accuracy.

Objective To observe the impact of different surgical procedures on ovarian reserve and analge-sic effects of drug use in patients with uterine fibroids.Methods 100 patients with uterine fibroids were randomly divided into two groups.50 patients in control group were implemented traditional open surgery.50 cases in the obser-vation group received laparoscopic myomectomy.The ovarian reserve changes were compared before and after surgery, pain medication use and changes in the degree of pain conditions.Results The levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing in the control group one,three months after operation were significantly higher than before surgery and the observation group,the level of estrogen was significantly lower than before surgery and observation group,the differences were statistically significant(t=10.23,14.58,9.78,11.76,9.83,9.92,10.07,11.23,all P<0.05).The postoperative first pain time of the observation group was significantly longer than the control group,the difference was statistically significant[(513.74 ±284.52)min vs.(61.38 ±37.21)min,t=92.34,P<0.05].The postoperative analgesic usage of the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(14.0% vs.58.0%,χ2 =7.83,P<0.05).The pain scores 3d,4d,5d,6d and 7d after operation of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group(t=2.11,2.30,2.58,7.03,6.46,all P<0.05). Conclusion The patients with uterine fibroids laparoscopic myomectomy for treatment will not cause great impact on the patients'ovarian reserve,and can effectively reduce the use of analgesics,and it is worthy of further promotion.

Unplanned extubation (UEX) is defined as premature removal of the indwelling catheter tube by a patient (deliberate unplanned extubations) or by staff during nursing and medical care (accidental extubations). UEX, either deliberate or accidental, can cause severe damage of patients, with the increasing of hospital costs and medical disputes. Identifying high-risk patients is the key point of reducing UEX. This review conclude risk assessment tools reported for UEX.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects between moxibustion at Guanyuan (CV 4), Shenshu (BL 23), Zusanli (ST 36) and western medication on immune function in children with cerebral palsy.

METHODSA total of 230 children with cerebral palsy were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 115 cases in each one. Patients in the observation group were treated with warm moxibustion at Guanyuan (CV 4), Shenshu (BL 23) and Zusanli (ST 36). Patients in the control group were treated with oral administration of pidotimod 10 mL every time. The treatment was given once a day, and 30 days were considered as one session for total 90 days. The changes of T-lymphoctyte subgroups, serum immunoglobulin and development quotient were compared 30 days, 60 days and 90 days into treatment respectively; also the occurrence rate.of disease was observed during 6-month and 12-month follow-up visit.

RESULTSThe T-lymphoctyte subgroups (CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+), serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA) and development quotient were significantly improved 30 days, 60 days and 90 days into treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Regarding the changes of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD4+, IgG, IgA and development quotient, the control group was superior to the observation group 30 days into treatment (all P < 0.05), and the control group was similar to the observation group 60 days into treatment (all P > 0.05), and the observation group was superior to the control group 90 days into treatment (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference of CD8+ and IgM before and after treatment in two groups (all P > 0.05). The rate of adverse events was 7.0% (8/115) in the observation group, which was lower than 23.5% (27/115) in the control group (P < 0.01); during 6-month and 12-month follow-up visit, the occurrence rate of disease in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMoxibustion at Guanyuan (CV 4), Shenshu (BL 23) and Zusanli (ST 36) can improve immune function of children with cerebral palsy, which is superior to pidotimod.

Acupuncture Points ; Cerebral Palsy ; immunology ; therapy ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; immunology ; Infant ; Male ; Moxibustion ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To prepare polyclonal antibody against human immunoglobulin G(human IgG) and to use this antibody in the clinical diagnosis of nephrosis. Methods:New Zealand rabbit was immunized subcutaneously with human IgG.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was applied to reveal the titer of the prepared polyclonal antiserum against human IgG.Antiserum was purified with affinity chromatography,and the purified antibody was confirmed for its specificity by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining.The purified antbodies which have been indentified were fused with FITC(fluorescein isothiocyanate) and then analyzed by immunohistochemical staining.Finally the fused antibody was useed in the clinical diagnosis of nephrosis. Results: The titer of the obtained antiserum was up to(1∶128 000,) double agar diffusion test showed the titer of the antibody was 1∶32.By the method of affinity chromatography,we obtained purified antibody with the purity of 85%.ELISA,double agar diffusion and immunohistochemical staining tests showed that the specificity and titer of the antibody were not decreased sharply.The purified antibody fused with FITC also kept the specificity of the primitive antibody.When the FITC fused antibody was tried in nephrosis patients,it detected human IgG effectively. Conclusion:The polyclonal antibody can specifically recognize human IgG.This purified antibody fused with FITC can be used in the diagnosis of nephrosis.

Objective To investigate the role and significance of miRNA-21 in the pathogenesis and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods The expressions of microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) in colonic mucosa and peripheral blood CD4+T cells were analyzed by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 26 patients with active Crohn's disease (CD), 23 patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) and 19 healthy controls.The relative expression amount of miRNA-21 in colonic mucosal and peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in 11 patients with CD was compared before and after infliximab (IFX) treatment, and its correlation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was analyzed.t-test was performed for comparison between groups.The correlation between miRNA-21 expression in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells and serum TNF-α was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.Results The expression of miRNA-21 in colonic mucosa of CD patients and UC patients was 4.720 ± 0.397 and 4.993±-0.415, respectively, which were both higher than that of healthy control group (1.101±-0.284),and the differences were statistically significant (t =7.657 and 8.356, both P＜0.01).The expression of miRNA-21 in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of CD patients and UC patients was 3.254 ± 0.323 and 3.450±0.311, which were both higher than that of healthy control group (0.891 ±0.220), and the differences were statistically significant (t=6.007 and 7.098, both P＜0.01).After 12 weeks of IFX treatment, simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD) of CD patients was 8.019 ± 0.349,which was lower than that before treatment (21.502 ± 1.185), and the difference was statistically significant (t=10.910, P＜0.01).The serum TNF-α level was 61.570±6.252, which was lower than that before treatment (173.500 ± 12.670), and the difference was statistically significant (t=7.926, P＜0.01).The results of correlation analysis indicated that serum TNF-α level was positively correlated with miRNA-21 expression in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells (r =0.780 4, P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The increasing of miRNA-21 expression in IBD was closely correlated with the serum TNF-α level and severity of inflammation.miRNA-21 might be a new target for IBD treatment.

Objective To analyze type of irrational outpatient infusion prescriptions returned by clinical pharmacists'pre -prescription review and intervention in our hospital.Methods Outpatient infusion prescriptions reviewed by clinical pharmacists in 2014 were statistically analyzed in terms of type,constitution and rate of qualified prescriptions.Results Type of unstandard writing or input errors prescriptions accounted for 35.19%,which was the great majority of the irrational outpatient infusion prescriptions.The rate of qualified prescriptions was 99.15%,which was higher than 91.53% in 2011 when pre -prescription review and intervention had not implemented.Conclusion Pre -prescription review and intervention could improve the quality of outpatient infusion prescriptions.Finally,safety and effectiveness of outpatient infusion could be guaranteed.

A robust,selective and highly sensitive chemiluminescent (CL) platform for protein assay was presented in this paper.This novel CL approach utilized rolling circle amplification (RCA) as a signal enhancement technique and the 96-well plate as the immobilization and separation carrier.Typically,the antibody immobilized on the surface of 96-well plate was sandwiched with the protein target and the aptamer-primer sequence.This aptamer-primer sequence was then employed as the primer of RCA.Based on this design,a number of the biotinylated probes and streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (SA-HRP) were captured on the plate,and the CL signal was amplified.In summary,our results demonstrated a robust biosensor with a detection limit of 10 fM that is easy to be established and utilized,and devoid of light source.Therefore,this new technique will broaden the perspective for future development of DNA-based biosensors for the detection of other protein biomarkers related to clinical diseases,by taking advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of different regimens of tranexamic acid on perioperative bleeding and postoper-ative compliance of simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty(TKA). METHODS:A total of 70 patients undergoing simultane-ous bilateral TKA in our hospital were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 35 cases in each group. Control group was given Tranexamic acid injection 15 mg/kg 30 min before surgery. Observation group was given Tranexamic acid injection 15 mg/kg,30 min before surgery and 30 min before suturing incision. The operation duration,total blood loss,intraopera-tive blood loss,postoperative drainage as well as the levels of FIB,PT,APTT before trectment and 3 d after surgery,the occur-rence of postoperative compliance and ADR were observed and compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in operation duration,intraoperative blood loss and rate of ADR between 2 groups (P>0.05). The total blood loss, postoperative drainage and the incidence of complications of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in coagulation indexes(FIB,PT and APTT)be-tween 2 groups before treatment and 3 d after surgery,with statistical significance(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The application of tranexamic acid 30 min before simultaneous bilateral TKA and 30 min before the end of surgery can reduce perioperative bleeding and postoperative venous thromboembolism with good safety.