Objective To explore the neuroimmunomedulation mechanism of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 in children with febrile seizures (FS).Methods 40 children with FS were dividedinto simple FS(SFs)groupin20 cases and complex FS(CFS)groupin20 cases,and 30 health children matched with regard to age and sex were enrolled into control group.The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR wag used to detect the expression of PBMC ICAM-1 mRNA.At the same time,the PBMC LFA-1 mRNA expression wfs studied with Send-QuantitativeRT-PCR analysis.Results The levels of PBMC ICAM-1 mRNA in SFS group were significantly higher than those in control group and CF$group(P<0.05).The levels ofPBMC ICAM-1 mRNA showed downtrend between CFS group and control group.but there was no statistical difference between the two groups(P>0.05).The levels of PBMC LFA-1 mRNA grey-scales in SFS group were significantly higher than those in control group and CFS group(P<0.05).In addition,the levels of PBMC LFA-1 mRNA in CFS group showed downtrend than those in control group,but there wti8 no statistical difference between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions The gene expression levels of PBMC ICAM-I/LFA-I in SFS group were different from those in CFS group.Inflammable immunopathology damage induced by ICAM-1/LFA-1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SFS.On the contrary,ICAM-1/LFA-1 may have seme neuroprotective effects on the pathogenesis of CFS.