Due to its exquisite sensitivity, excellent molecular specificity and reduced photobleaching, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has wide potential applications in the fields of food and drug analysis, environmental monitoring and biological detection. However, SERS is only a qualitative or semi-quantitative detection technique at the present stage, and has not yet been widely recognized as a routine quantitative technique. This review discusses the pros and cons of the quantitative surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic techniques developed so far in the literature, and looks forward to the future trend in this field.

Objective To study the relevance between the level of thyroid hormone and anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) during gestation period .Methods From November 2011 to May 2014 ,150 gravidas were chosen as objectives ,and were divided into 2 groups according TPOAb .The clinical feature ,level of thyroid hormone ,pregnancy outcome ,and complication of neo‐phyte between 2 groups were compared .Results In 150 gravidas ,44 were positive in TPOAb and 106 were negative .The age ,ges‐tational weeks and BMI between two groups had no statistical difference(P>0 .05) .At the early and middle pregnancy as well as at the late pregnancy ,the level of thyroid hormone between two groups had statistical difference(P<0 .05);In study group ,the level of thyroid hormone of early and middle pregnancy and that of late pregnancy had statistical difference(P<0 .05) .The rate of unde‐sirable gestational outcome and that of neophyte complication between two groups had statistical difference(P<0 .05) .Conclusion During gestation period ,the TPOAb was significant for the diagnosis of the sub‐clinical hypothyroidism ,as well for prognosis of gravidas .

A detailed analysis on the curriculum status of profession degree for the fourth batch of master-disciple postgraduates in Guangzhou University of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) was provided.The basic idea on the construction of the curriculum system was proposed in view of strengthening TCM clinical thinking,skills and scientific research capacity.The course content was optimized combining the classic TCM theory with clinical skill practice course and innovate teaching methods depending on the inservice and remote learning of students were used.A relatively perfect professional degree curriculum system for master-disciple postgraduates of TCM was built.

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Clematis manshurica. MethodsThe extract from the roots and rhizomes of C. manshurica was subjected to chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column. The compounds obtained were identified on the basis of their physicochemical and spectroscopic evidences. ResultsEleven compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as squalene (Ⅰ), friedelin (Ⅱ), hexacosoic acid (Ⅲ), ?-sitosterol (Ⅳ), stigmasterol (Ⅴ), oleanolic acid (Ⅵ), ?-daucosterol (Ⅶ), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (Ⅷ), methyl 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenyl lactate (Ⅸ), 5R-dihydro-5-hydroxymethyl-2(3H)-furanone (Ⅹ), 5R-5-hydroxymethyl-2(5H)-furanone (Ⅺ). ConclusionAll the compounds except for ?-sitosterol are isolated from the plant for the first time.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to observe the postoperative pain rate and degree of pain in preschool children with cleft lip and palate, and investigate the effect of nursing intervention on pain relief.

METHODSA total of 120 hospitalized cases of three- to seven-year-old preschool children with cleft lip and palate were selected from May to October 2011. The subjects were randomly divided into the control group and experimental groups 1, 2, and 3. The control group used conventional nursing methods, experimental group 1 used analgesic drug treatment, experimental group 2 used psychological nursing interventions, and experimental group 3 used both psychological nursing intervention and analgesic drug treatment. After 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, pain self-assessment, pain parent-assessment, and pain nurse-assessment were calculated for the four groups using the pain assessment forms, and their ratings were compared.

RESULTSThe postoperative pain rates of the four groups ranged from 50.0% to 73.3%. The difference among the four groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The differences among the control group and experimental groups 1 and 2 were not statistically significant (P = 0.871), whereas the differences among experimental group 3 and the other groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONPostoperative pain in preschool children with cleft lip and palate is common. Psychological nursing intervention with analgesic treatment is effective in relieving postoperative pain.

Child, Preschool ; Cleft Lip ; surgery ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Humans ; Pain, Postoperative

OBJECTIVETo investigate the quality of life of cleft lip and/or palate children's parents and discuss the factors to provide the oretical basis for improving the quality of life of these parents and promoting the healthy growth of children with cleft lip and/or palate.

METHODSA total of 115 parents whose children had cleft lip and/or palate surgery treatment were selected as the experiment group, and another 198 parents (with healthy children having a similar age with those in the experiment group) as the control group. The experiment group was divided into three subgroups according to different types of cleft lip and/or palate: cleft Lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), cleft lip and palate (CLP). The experiment group and the control group were both divided into four subgroups according to age: 0-1, 1-3, 3-6 years old, and more than 6 years old. The experiment group and the control group were both divided into three subgroups according to education: junior middle school and the following, high school and technical secondary school, junior college degree or above. The GQOLI-74 scale was selected to assess the experiment group and the control group. SPSS 16.0 software was used to analyze data.

RESULTS1) The experiment group had no significant difference with the control group in terms of the overall score and the scores of various children ages. 2) The scores of every item had no significant difference in CL, CP, CLP subgroup (P > 0.05). 3) The quality of life scores and scores of psychological function dimension and social function dimension of parents with 3-6 years old patients were obviously lower than those of parents with more than 6 years old patients (P<0.05). The scores of social function dimension of parents with 0-1, 1-3, 3-6 years old patients were obviously lower than those of parents with more than 6 years old patients (P < 0.05). The other items had no significant difference. 4) The scores of material life dimension and social function dimension of parents with junior college degree or above were higher than those of parents with junior middle school degree and the following (P < 0.05). The scores of social function dimension of parents with high school and technical secondary school degree were higher than those of parents with junior middle school degree and the following (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONNo difference was observed in the quality of life between cleft lip and/or palate children's parents and normal group. The parents with the low age children with cleft lip and/or palate and low-levels of education need more help and support to improve quality of life.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Lip ; psychology ; Cleft Palate ; psychology ; Humans ; Infant ; Quality of Life ; Social Adjustment ; Software

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of hypnotic and musical relaxation therapy and psychological consultation for parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and to provide a scientific basis of clinical-psychological treatment options.

METHODSSixty-six subjects with children with CLP participated in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to a test group (n = 33) and a control group (n = 33). The test group was treated with hypnotic and musical relaxation therapy; the control group were subjected to psychological consultation. Anxiety and depression states were evaluated by using a self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and a self-rating depression scale (SDS) before and after treatment was administered.

RESULTS1) The test group demonstrated a significant decrease in SAS and SDS scores (t = 2.855, P < 0.01; t = 2.777, P < 0.01). The control group showed a significant decrease in the SAS score (t = 1.831, P < 0.05) but failed to show a significant change in the depression score (t = 0.909, P > 0.05). 2) The test group yielded a higher percentage of remission indicated by the SDS scores than the control group (test group = 75.76%; control group = 60.61%; P < 0.05). The test group also displayed a higher percentage of remission indicated by the SAS scores than the control group (test group = 78.79%, test group = 69.70%; P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHypnotic and musical relaxation therapy can more effectively reduce the scores of the anxiety and depression states of the parents of patients with cleft lip and/or palate than psychological consultation.

Anxiety ; psychology ; therapy ; Child ; Cleft Lip ; psychology ; Cleft Palate ; psychology ; Depression ; psychology ; therapy ; Humans ; Hypnosis ; Music ; Parents ; psychology ; Relaxation Therapy ; methods ; Self-Assessment

ObjectiveTo detect mRNA and protein expression of steroidogenic factor-1 ( SF-1 ) and DAX-1 in human adrenocortical tumors and normal adrenal cortex,and to investigate the effect of SF-1 and DAX-1 on the steroidogenesis and development of adrenocortical tumors.Methods Total RNA and protein was extracted from angiotensin Ⅱ unresponsive aldoterone-producing adenomas ( A Ⅱ -U-APA,n =12 ),angiotensin Ⅱ responsive aldoterone-producing adenomas ( AⅡ -R-APA,n =5 ),cortisol-producing adenomas ( CPA,n =10 ),adrenal nonfunctional adenomas ( NFA,n =10 ),aldosterone-producing carcinoma ( APC,n =2 ) and normal adrenal cortex ( NAC,n =8).To analyze gene expression of SF-1,DAX-1,ACTH receptor(ACTHR),and β-actin by real-time quantitative PCR in different tissues.The protein expression of SF-1,DAX-1,and β-actin in the same tissues by Western blot.To study the relationship of ACTHR,SF-1,and DAX-1 with clinical data in adrenocortical tumors.ResultsThe expression of SF-1,DAX-1 mRNA and protein was different in NAC,AⅡ -U-APA,A Ⅱ -R- APA,APC,CPA,and NFA tissues [ relative expression of SF-1 mRNA:24.58±2.45,23.89±3.17,21.59±3.00,(38.75,44.16),14.17±2.80,and 36.38±3.50; DAX-1 mRNA:0.57±0.06,0.37±0.05,0.43±0.05,( 1.52,1.21 ),0.39 ±0.04,and 0.83 ±0.08 ; SF-1 protein:0.76 ±0.11,0.76 ±0.10,0.73 ±0.07,(1.24,1.40),0.55±0.04,and0.98±0.10; DAX-1 protein:0.65±0.14,0.39±0.13,0.43±0.14,(1.18,1.02),0.56±0.04,and 1.03±0.13 ; all P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ].There was negative correlation by higher SF-1/DAX-1 ratio and tumor size in AⅡ -U-APA tissues.The mRNA and protein expression of SF-1 was lower in CPA and there was the positive correlation with tumor size.Conclusion SF-1 and DAX-1 might play a key role in the development of the adrenocortical tumorigenesis and steroidogenic tissues.

This study was aimed to establish a rapid detection method for timosaponin BⅡ in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma in order to determine its concentration quickly,conveniently and efficiently.The concentration of timosaponin BⅡ in A.Rhizomadetected by HPLC in the Chinese Pharmacopeia was used as the actual measured value.The near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to collect the spectrogram of A.Rhizomasamples.The partial least squares (PLS) of TQ Analyst 8.0 were used in the data analysis.Through the pretreatment,wavelength range and principal component number selection,the actual measured value and NIRS information were associated for the establishment of the optimal quantitative analysis model of timosaponin BⅡ.The results showed that the correlation coefficients (R2),root-mean-square error of calibration (RMSEC),root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP),root-mean-square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) and the performance index (PI) of the established model were 0.975 15,0.094 2,0.080 0,0.369 20,and 91.0,respectively.It was concluded that the established quantitative analysis model by NIRS with HPLC was able to determine the concentration of timosaponin BⅡ in A.Rhizomaquickly and accurately.

Objective:To discuss the effect of pharmacist intervention on the use of antimicrobial agents in the clinical pathway of community-acquired pneumonia ( CAP) in our hospital to standardize the rational medication and promote the rational use of antimicro-bial agents. Methods:Totally 100 bacterial CAP patients in 2013 ( before the intervention) and 2014 ( after the intervention) in the pneumology department were studied. The antibacterial drug cost, total hospitalization cost, use intensity of antimicrobial drugs, hospi-talization time, therapeutic effects and so on in the two groups were observed during the treatment. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in antibacterial drug cost, total hospitalization cost, use intensity of antimicrobial drugs, hospitaliza-tion time and so on, whereas there was no significant difference in the curative effect. Conclusion:After the pharmacist intervention, the application of antibiotics is more rational, the antibiotics use density and per capita cost are reduced, the hospitalization day is shortened and the value of pharmacists is also improved.