Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic balloon dilatation for patients with achalasia. Methods Patients with achalasia, were treated by single or double esophageal balloon dilatation under endoscopy,f ollowed up survey by gastroduodenal endoscopy and esophageal barium radiography as well as their symptoms were investigated periodically. Results The dysphagia symptoms remitted in all of the 43 patients,and mucosal lacerations,abrasions a nd oozing of blood, were found in this process but without complication of perf oration,haematemesis and melena.The following up ranged from 3 months to over 4. 8 yrs,and average was 2.6 yrs.The rate of remission of dysphagia symptoms 90.7 ％ (39/43) at six months,85.3％ (29/34) at 1 yr,82.6％ (19/23) at 2 yrs and 82.4 ％ (14/17) at 3 yrs,and the rate of recurrence of symptoms was 9.3％ (4/43)、 1 4.7％ (5/34)、 17.4％ (4/23)、 17.6％ (3/17),respectively.In addition,there were 37.2％ (16 cases)of patients with acid－ reflux symptoms,30.2％ (13 cases)heart burn and 14.0％ (6 cases)reflux esophagitis during the followed－ up. Conclusion Endoscopic esophageal balloon dilatation for achalasia is an effective and saf e method not only in the short－ term but also in the long－ term.

Objective To report 2 cases of acute rejection following small intestin vivotransplantation and to disscuss the diagnostic significance of endoscopy and mucosal biopsy.Methods Endoscopic observation and mucosal biopsies of the graft through the terminal ileum enterostomy were carried out. Results Acute rejection was diagnosed in two patients with human small intestin vivotransplantation in good time.Endoscopic and the pathologic manifestations of the graft during acute rejection were discribed.Conclusion Endoscopy and the pathologic examination of endoscopically guided mucosal biopsy specimens are the most reliable method for diagnosing acute rejection following small intestin transplantation.

Objective To explore the outcome of the tibial bone-skin flap grafts in the management of severe traumatic osteomyelitis complicated with bone and skin defect in leg.Methods Twenty-seven cases of the traumatic osteomyelitis complicated with bone and skin defect in leg were treated with vascularized tibial bone-skin flap grafe from August, 2007 to November, 2013.Reconstruction of limb tibia continuity and cover the wound.Results The tibial bone-skin flaps were completely survived in 26 of the 27 cases except 1 ease which was repaired by adjacent flap because of the disorder blood circulation.The followed-up showed that all flaps had good blood circulation.The infection was controlled completely.The leg function and contour were satisfactory.Conclusion The tibial boneskin flap has the advantages of abundant blood supply, full bone-skin flap supply, shortens hospitalization and suitable for treatment of traumatic osteomyelitis complicated with bone and skin defect in leg.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of mutations of four common pathogenic genes (GJB2, SLC26A4, GJB3 and 12S rRNA) among patients with nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) from eastern Shandong. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples of 420 NSHL patients were collected, and a hereditary-deafness-gene microarray was used to detect GJB2 c.235delC, c.299-300delAT, c.35delG and c.176del16 mutations, GJB3 c.538C>T mutation, SLC26A4 c.2168A>G and c.IVS7-2A>G mutations, and 12S rRNA c.1555A>C and c.1494C>T mutations. For patients carrying single heterozygous mutations, the coding regions of the above genes were analyzed with Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: The results of the microarray assay and Sanger sequencing showed that 84 patients (20.00%) carried GJB2 mutations, with c.235delC (16.43%) and c.299-300delAT (7.86%) being most common. Seventy-five patients (17.86%) carried SLC26A4 mutations, for which c.IVS7-2A>G accounted for 15.71%. In addition, 5.95% of patients carried 12S rRNA mutations. Only one patient was found to carried GJB3 mutation (c.538C>T). CONCLUSION Common pathogenic mutations for NSHL in eastern Shandong included GJB2 c.235delC and SLC26A4 c.IVS7-2A>G. Of note, 5.95% of patients were due to 12S rRNA m.1555A>G mutation, which gave a frequency greater than other regions of China.
China ; Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Deafness ; Genes, rRNA ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Mutation ; RNA, Ribosomal ; Sulfate Transporters