Poststroke depression (PSD) is the most common neurological and psychiatric complications after stroke.A large number of studies have showed that PSD is the result of a variety of mechanisms on the basis of stroke.This article reviews the pathophysiology mechanisms of PSD.

The changes of calcium and magnesium content in brain tissue (BCa;BMg) and in the mitochondria (MCa,MMg) and calmodulin content in the cortex and hippocampus (CCaM,HCaM) were determined in the rats with 4-vessel-ligation cerebral ischemia.And then the therapeutic effects of nimodipine were observed during ischemic and.reperfusion stages of the brain.It was found that BMg and BMg were decreased and CCaM HCaM increased during both the ischemic and reperfusion stages and BCa and MCo were increased during the reperfusion stage.The fact that calcium content was only increased during the reperfusion stage indicates that the influx of calcium plays an important role to precipitate injury during the reperfusion stage.Adminstration of nimodipine could prevent the increase of calcium and calmodulin and the decrease of magnesium after cerebral ischemia.

The dynamic changes of the contents of polyamines and excitatory amino acid in the hippocampus during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion were observed in rats.It was found that the content of putrescine was increased and the release of excitatory amino acid elevated during reperfusion,and the increase of putrescine could be stopped when the antagonist of NM-DA receptor of excitatory amino acid,that is,MK-801,was administered.These facts suggest that the metabolic disturbance of polyamines in closely related to the release of excitatory amino acid and modulated by NMDA receptors.The combination of polyamines with excitatory amino acid may play an important role in the ischemic damage of the brain.

Objective To explore the possible mechanism by which protein kinase C (PKC) involves in the neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion Methods After the model of ischemia/reperfusion was established in male Wistar rats, PKC activity, FOS protein expression and neuronal apoptosis in their brains were observed The effect of PKC inhibitor, Dengzhanghua, on above indexes were studied at the same time Results Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion resulted in transloactional activation of PKC, accompanied with the increase of FOS expression and neuronal apoptosis Dengzhanghua prevented against the above changes Conclusion Activated PKC is involved in ischemia/reperfusion induced neuronal apoptosis by regulating FOS expression

Objective To study the relationship between stress rise of blood glucose and the PEEL prognostic index of the patients with acute myocardial infarction, and provide the basis for a quick judgement and evaluation of prognosis to nurses. Methods Taking the 6.8,7.8 and 8.8 mmol/L as demarcation point to study the PEEL prognostic index in 59 patients with acute myocardial infarction, and compare the PEEL score value on two sides of each demarcation point. Results No significant difference in PEEL evaluation score when taking 6.8 mmol/L as the demarcation point, there was significant difference when taking 7.8 mmol/L as the demarcation point, PEEL score in blood glucose > 7.8 mmol/L group was higher than that of ≤7.8mmol/L group, so was when taking 8.8 mmol/L as the demarcation point. Conclusions There was instructive signifi-cance for nurses to observe a stress rise of blood glucose timely in evaluating the prognosis of patients with a-cute myocardial infarction. Nurses should strengthen disease observation and preventive nursing of admission patients whose fasting blood glucose are above 7.8 mmol/L as well their blood glucose monitoring.

Objective To explore the association of lipid metabolism and bomocysteine with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and observe the inflammatory reaction and the pathological change of placenta.Methods We conducted a prospective randomized placebo-controlled study.Seventy-four cases with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy were recruited as the experimental group and 77 cases of normal pregnant women were recruited as matched control group from Aug.2008 to Mar.2010.The relationship between lipid metabolism and homocysteine was analyzed.Results There was significant difference between the two groups in body-mass index before pregnancy(29.03±4.52 vs.23.99±5.90,t =5.88),cholesterol[(6.16±1.48)mmol/L vs.(5.01±1.05) mmmol/L,t =5.52],low density lipoprotein[(3.46±1.35) mmol/L vs.(2.26±0.86) mmol/L,t =6.54]and C-reactive protein[(29.04±14.90) mmol/L vs.(15.48±4.57) mmol/L,t =7.62](P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference was found on triglycerides[(3.29±1.03) mmol/L vs.(3.49±1.37) mmol/L],high density lipoprotein[(1.84±0.40) mmol/L vs.(1.88±0.35) mmol/L],homocysteine [(8.77±2.65) mmol/L vs.(8.40±2.03) mmol/L]and neonatal weight[(3547±519)g vs.(3431±461)g](P ＞ 0.05).Significant difference exists in placenta pathology of infarction(54.55％ vs.31.04％),villi dysplasia,fit nodules form and hypoxia(65.46％ vs.39.66％)(P ＜0.05).Conclusion We should detect lipid,homocysteine and C-reactive protein by dynamic combinational ways,pay more attention to women with high BMI before pregnancy,and value placenta pathology research on hypertensive disorders in pregnant women.This has high clinical significance in revealing the etiology of hypertensive disorders in pregnant women and improving pregnant outcomes.

Questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview were done in December 2005 and April 2006 to explore the reasons why foreign and minority medical students failed in course examinations last year.It is found that many factors affect their studying such as proficiency in Chinese,original foundation,studying and living habits,familiarity to the regulations of educational affairs,time and effort spent for self-studying and the attitude in which the teachers treat them.And also the correspondent countermeasures are given according to the survey and interview.

Objective To discuss the correlation between MTHFR gene polymorphism and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion.Methods A case control study was used in this study,140 patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(UR-SA) (abortion group)and 143 cases of normal women(control group)were recruited.Genomic DNA was obtained and extracted from the oral mucosa cells.Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to examine the MTHFR gene polymorphisms,and Taqman-MGB technology was conducted to analysis the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism and disease.Results There was statistically significant difference in the frequencies of C677T genotype and alleles between the two groups(P＜0.05).However,no significant difference in the frequencies of A1298C genotype and alleles between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism might be one of the genetic risk factors of URSA.

Objective To explore the effect of head nurses′tutoring and commenting on nursing ward round. Methods The nursing ward rounds performed during August 2013 to July 2014 were assigned as the control group and those nursing ward rounds during August 2014 to August 2015 as observation group: in the former group routine nursing ward rounds were done once a week and in the latter the rounds were performed by head nurses′tutoring and commenting once every week. The two groups were compared in terms of examination performances of nursing ward rounds, doctors′ and nurses′ satisfaction degree, nurses′ and student nurses′evaluation on the ward rounds and their critical thinking ability. Results The examination performances and the satisfaction degree in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The nurses in the observation group thought the head nurse′s commenting at ward rounds could be more effective than those from the control group in their improvement of theoretical knowledge and clinical ability (P<0.05). In terms of critical thinking by California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version), the total score and the scores on its dimensions in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion The nursing ward rounds by head nurses′tutoring and commenting can help the nurses to strengthen their ability in nursing ward rounds and improve their theory and clinical practice so that the nursing quality is improved.

BACKGROUND:Electron beam melting rapid prototyping technology, has the characteristic of shaping precisely and complexly, is a new type of rapid prototyping technology using metal powder. Now, it has shown unique advantages in the fields of aerospace, automotive and medical implant equipments.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the properties of the product, the customization ability of orthopedic implants through electron beam melting rapid prototyping, especial y the ability of inducing bone ingrowth.
METHODS:We retrieved PubMed Database, China Journal Ful-text Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, as wel as Dongfang Daily, World Science, and Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics by hand, and assembly documents in Chinese and English. Retrieval time was up to September 2013. Inclusion criteria: ① articles concerning electron beam melting rapid prototyping technology; ② articles addressing surgical implants. A total of 50 articles were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Electron beam melting state Ti6Al4V orthopedic implant has a good comprehensive performance, since the three-dimensional porous structure via electron beam melting rapid prototyping, which has a characteristic of customization, can induce bone ingrowth.