Objective To explore the influence of nursing intervention on the social support and compliance of parents of severe β-Mediterranean anemia children. Methods A total of 100 cases of Mediterranean anemia children’s parents were surveyed with the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and self-made compliance questionnaires, the investigation was performed before the intervention,6 months, 1 year after the intervention. Results The scores of objective support, subjective support and supporting availability after the intervention were all higher than those before intervention (F=269.04, 125.12, 243.04, all P<0.01). In the pairwise comparison tests, the ranks of objective support score and subjective support score were:1 year after intervention>6 months after intervention>before intervention (P<0.01);the score of supporting availability was lower than the scores of 6 months and 1 year after intervention (P<0.01). The compliance of blood transfusion on time and taking deferoxamine on time before and after the interventions had statistical meanings (Hc=100.40,70.53, all P<0.01). In the pairwise comparison tests, the compliance score before intervention was lower than the score after intervention (P < 0.01). Conclusions Nursing intervention can improve the social support and compliance of the parents with severe Mediterranean anemia children.