砄bjective:To observe streptococcus sanguis (S.s) and Actinomycetes viscosus (A.v) in oral plaque biofilm formation.Methods:20 ml of saliva obtained from a health adult was centrifuged at 4 ℃ and 10 000 r/min for 10 min.The supernatant was disinfected in 60 ℃ water bath for 30 min.Glass coverslips in the size of 24 mm?24 mm were immersed into the saliva supernatant for 2 h to obtain biofilm.100 ?l of S.s ATCC 34 and A.v ATCC 19246 mixture cultured in TSB at the density of 10 5～6 CFU/ml was added into 20 ml of TSB,and then,the coverslips with biofilm were put into the mixture.The biofilm and bacteria were observed by scanning confocal laser microscopy at various times.Resuts:The biofilm reached the thickness of 15.4 ?m in 8 h and the clumps of the bacteria were mostly in the midle layer of the biofilm.The biofilm increased to 34.3 ?m in 16 h and became tassle like in 48 h.Conclusion: S.s and A.v may play some roles in the oral biofilm formation.

Objective: To develop a new antimicrobial sensitivity test model for oral products in vitro. Methods: An artificial biofilm mouth model for antimicrobial sensitivity test was established by modified LKB chromatography chamber. Using sodium fluoride and tea polyphenol as antimicrobial agents and Streptococcus mutans as target, various methodologies on the sensitivity tests were compared. Results: Agar diffusion, agar dilution and broth macro-dilution were more sensitive than modeling biofilms method. The modeling biofilm assay resulted in MIC values of fluoride or tea polyphenol against S. mutans 32 and 12 times higher respectively than the MIC values generated by broth macro-dilution method. Conclusion :The biofilm artificial mouth model may simulate the environment for oral products test.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of filiform fire-needle therapy plus mild moxibustion in treating flat warts.Method Ninety patients with flat warts were randomized into group A, group B and group C, 30 cases in each group. Group A was intervened by filiform fire-needle therapy plus mild moxibustion, group B was intervened by filiform fire-needle therapy alone and group C by mild moxibustion alone. The three groups all received treatment 3 times a week, 2 weeks as a treatment course, for 2 courses in total. The clinical efficacies of the three groups were compared.Result In group A, 12 subjects were recovered, 13 showed improved, and 5 cases failed; in group B, 7 subjects were recovered, 12 showed improved, and 11 failed; in group C, 5 cases showed recovered, 10 were improved, and 15 failed. The total effective rates were respectively 83.3% in group A, 63.3% in group B, and 50.0% in group C, and the total effective rate in group A was significantly higher than that in group B and C (P<0.05). Conclusion Filiform fire-needle therapy plus mild moxibustion can significantly help the skin rashes subside in treating flat warts, and the therapeutic efficacy is obviously superior to that of either of the two methods used alone.

Objective To observe the effects of aerobic exercise on low-and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and to investigate the relationship between exercise intensities and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) changes.Methods Sixty patients with low HDL-C were randomly allocated into a high intensity exercise group,a moderate intensity group or a low intensity group with 20 in each group.According to each patient's maximal heart rate in a restrictive electrocardiogram exercise test,the different aerobic exercise intensities were formulated as follows.The target heart rate of the high-intensity training group was 90％ of each subject's maximum heart rate; in the moderate-intensity group it was 70％ ; in the low-intensity group it was 50％.All 3 groups jogged on a medical treadmill for 20 minutes every other day with their heart rates monitored at all times.They maintained the target heart rate for 20 minutes.The experiment lasted 2 months.Results In the high intensity group HDL-C increased from 0.81 ± 0.22 to 1.04 ± 0.33 mmol/L after training; in the moderate intensity group it increased from 0.82±0.20 to 1.03 ±0.37 mmol/L; in the low intensity group it increased from 0.79 ±0.25 to 0.82 ± 0.27 mmol/L.That increase in the low intensity group was not statistically significant.After high intensity or moderate intensity training the HDL-C increases were statistically significant,but the difference between the groups was not.After training,in 15 cases among the high intensity group,13 cases from moderate intensity group and in 1 case from the low intensity group the HDL-C level achieved a normal value (≥ 1.04 mmol/L).Comparing the high intensity group to the low intensity group or the moderate intensity group to the low intensity group,there were significant differences in the number of patients who achieved normal HDL-C readings,but there was no significant difference between high intensity group and the moderate intensity group.Conclusion Low intensity aerobic exercise has no obvious effect on low HDL-C levels.High or moderate intensity aerobic exercise can effectively raise the HDL-C level,but there is no significant difference in the fraction of patients reaching normal values between high and moderate intensity aerobic exercise.So moderate intensity is recommended for improving low levels of HDL cholesterol.

Objective To explore the correlation of anxiety and depression with social support among caregivers of children with mental retardation and major related influencing factors.Methods 64 mothers of children with mental retardation were investigated by using the questionnaires of SAS,SDS and SSRS.The results underwent analysis.Results The incidence of anxiety among mothers of children with mental retardation was 23.4％,the incidence of depression was 40.7％.Mothers had higher scores of SAS and SDS than the national norm.The total score of social support was(32.19±5.02),which was lower than the national norm.The anxiety and depression was negatively correlated with social support.The influencing factors of anxiety and depression of mothers were family income.Conclusions The anxiety and depression among mothers of children with mental retardation was evident,the social supports for those mothers were insufficient.Effective social support was propitious to abate the anxiety and depression and promote quality of life of those children with mental retardation and their mothers.

Objective To explore the features of ambulatory blood pressure in patients with primary glomerular disease and their correlation with target organ damage (TOD).Methods Patients with primary glomerular disease admitted to the Nephrology Department,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from May 2010 to May 2015 were enrolled.Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM),clinical BP,ultrasonographic assessment and other clinical data were collected.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to ascertain the relationship between ABPM results and clinical parameters.Results 808 patients were enrolled.Patients turned out to have a higher level of 24-hour systolic blood pressure (SBP),day-time SBP,and night-time SBP as their kidney function declined (r,=0.547,0.538,0.546,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with that in CKD 1-3,The percentage of dipper blood pressure pattern decreased and that of reversed dipper blood pressure pattern increased in CKD stage 4-5 (P ＜ 0.05).A higher level of 24 h SBP was independently associated with kidney function damage (OR=1.069,P ＜ 0.01),and a higher level of night-time SBP was an independent factor affecting left ventricular hypertrophy (OR=1.033,P ＜ 0.01) and reduction of diastolic function of left ventricle (OR=1.019,P ＜ 0.01) after multivariate logistic regression analyses.Conclusion With advancing CKD stage,the level of 24 h SBP,day-time SBP,and night-time SBP was higher and the percentage of reversed dipper blood pressure pattern was higher.The parameters of ABPM were closely related to renal damage and cardiovascular injuries.

Objective To analyze the pathogenesis and prevention and treatment of limb deep venous thrombosis complicated by postoperative gynaecological malignant tumours.Methods A retrospective analysis of 22 cases with limb deep venous thrombosis complicated by postoperative gynaecological malignant tumours in our hospital were analyzed.According to the situation of patients,surgery or conservative treatment was conducted.The clinical efficacy after treatment was observed.Results In 22 cases,6 cases underwent surgical treatment,16 cases underwent conservative treatment.After treatment,18 cases were cured,3 cases were effective,1 case ineffective.After treatment,the TT,Pt,APTT and FBG levels were (24.17 ±2.13)s,(18.25 ±2.13)s,(31.68 ± 10.30)s and (2.26 ±0.52) g/L,which were all better than before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (t =10.362,9.774,12.281,8.462,P =0.028,0.032,0.012,0.029).Followed up for 3 months,no recurrence of LDVT was observed.Conclusion The cases of gynecological malignant tumor have higher risk of limb deep vein thrombosis,we should taken prevention actively,once diagnosed should take effective intervention measures to improve the prognosis.

Objective To observe the efifcacy and safety of ticagrelor in patients received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods 50 patients with non-responding platelet aggregation rate and CYPC219 gene after clopidogrel treatment were given ticagrelor and enrolled in the study. All enrolled patients received aspirin loading dosage 300 mg, followed by maintenance dosage 100 mg, once daily and ticagrelor maintenance dosage 90 mg twice daily, for 1 year. The primary endpoint for the study were the incidence of major cardiovascular events (including death, stent thrombosis, stent restenosis, nonfatal myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization) and stroke after followed up for a month. The secondary endpoint were the incidence of general events (including minor bleeding, allergies, breathing dififculties) and platelet count changes. Results No occur major cardiovascular and stroke events record after 1 month of ticagrelor treatment. The general events rates included 2 cases of dyspnen, 1 case of epitaxis and 1 case of subcutaneous bleeding. The platelet aggregation with ticagrelor was signiifcantly lower than clopidogrel without signiifcant decrease in platelets count. Conclusions Using ticagrelor for antiplatelet in patients with coronary artery stenting in clopidogrel resistance cases is safe and effective.

Objective To evaluate the control status and knowledge level about disease in asthmatic patients in region level cities of Shaanxi province for effect appraisal of patient education.Methods Eight hospitals were selected from six region level cities, where questionnaire survey was completed in out-patients with asthma (≥ 14 years old).Results A total of 523 patients completed the questionnaire with a ratio of male to female of 1: 1.14,and an average age of (44.3±15.5) years old.The percentage of controlled, partly controlled and uncontrolled by self-evaluation was respectively 26.4%, 52.4% and 11.1%.48% insisted on using inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).The average score was 17.88±4.43 by asthma control test (ACT).The first three medicines used daily were ICS (26.6%), sustained-release theophyline (25.2%) and combination ICS/long-acting β2-agonists (21.8%).12.6% had no medicine and 5.2% used non-orthodox medicines.68.6% patients had omen before exacerbation, and those were sneezing, chest distress and cough.73.6% knew asthma is a disease of airway inilammatian,and 33.3% selected ICS as the leader medicine.Only 32.1% attended the lecture about asthma in hospitals and 85.0% longed for such education.Conclusions The control status and knowledge level about disease in asthmatic patients in cities still need to be improved in Shaanxi province, and too much work need to be done in order to realize the total control in all patients.

Objective To explore the application effect of refined nursing model in the rehabilitation and nursing quality of cesarean section puerperae.Methods A total of 120 cesarean section puerperae in our hospital were divided into control group (60 cases) and observation group (60 cases).The control group received routine obstetric care, and the observation group implemented refined care on the basis of the control group.The maternal recovery and the effect of obstetric care of two groups were analyzed and compared.Results The time of operation, the time of skin incision and the time of the postoperative exhaust time of the observation group were significantly shorter than that of the control group(P<0.01).After nursing, SAS score and SDS score of the observation group were significantly lower than nursing before(P<0.01).The incidence of postoperative complications of the observation group was 8.33%, significantly lower than 23.33% in the control group (P<0.05).The pain score on 1 day after surgery and the score of the newborn were significantly better than those of the control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction degree of the observation group was 93.33%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The total amount of lactation and lactation in the 48 hours of the observation group were 96.67% and 80% respectively, significantly higher than 71.67%, 61.67% of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Refined nursing mode can significantly improve the operation efficiency of the caesarean operation and the satisfaction, effectively improve maternal anxiety, depression and other negative emotions, reduce complications after the operation, which is beneficial to reduce the pain and promote the postoperative early lactation, so it is worthy of clinical application.