ObjectiveTo investigate the etiological factors of endophthalmitis and evaluate the outcomes of vitrectomy for endophthalmitis.MethodsFrom January 1999 to December 2001, 53 consecutive patients (54 eyes ), 38 men and 15 women, diagnosed as endophthalmitis were retrospectively evaluated. The patients′ ages ranged from 1 year to 74 years (mean 32 years). Two patients (2 eyes) with mild inflammation received antibiotic medication therapy, 5 patients (5 eyes) with no light perception and severe inflammation underwent evisceration, and the other 46 patients (47 eyes) underwent pars plana vitrectomy. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 2 to 32 months (mean 10.5 months). ResultsEndophthalmitis was diagnosed as resulting from penetrating injury in 32 eyes (59.26%), endogenous endophthalmitis in 8 eyes (14.81%), cataract surgery in 7 eyes (12.96%), glaucoma surgery in 2 eyes (3.70%), vitrectomy in 3 eyes (5.56%), radial keratotomy in 1 eye (1.85%), and unknown reason in 1 eye (1.85%). The postoperative visual acuities (VA) of these patients increased significantly (P=0.003). The VA of the patients underwent vitrectomy in 3 days was obviously better than those after 3 days (P=0.014), and the VA of the patients underwent vitrectomy in 7 days was obviously beter than those after 7 days (P=0.021). Thirty-seven eyes (68.52%) had functional success (VA≥0.02), 47 eyes (87.04%) had anatomical success (VA

Objective To investigate the effect of retinectomy 360? for severe ocular rupture and evaluate the related factors associated with prognosis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 28 consecutive patients (28 eyes), 18 men and 10 women, with severe ocular rupture admitted to the Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 1999 and October 2002. The patient′s ages ragned from 16 to 58 years, mean 29 years. According to the internation standardized classification of ocular trauma, the injuries located in zone Ⅰ in 5 eyes, zone Ⅰ-Ⅱ in 8 eyes,zone Ⅱ in 3 eyes, zone Ⅱ-Ⅲ in 5 eyes, zone Ⅲ in 7 eyes, zone Ⅱ in 3 eyes, zone Ⅱ-Ⅲ in 5 eyes and zone Ⅲ in 7 eyes. The presenting visual acuity was in grade 4 (0. 02 to light perception) in 19 eyes, and grade 5 in 9 eyes. In 28 patients, 13 had the total absence of iris and lens, 10 had iris deletion more than 1/2, and 15 had lens opacity or rupture. Ultrasound biomicroscopy and B-scan revealed ciliochoroidal detachment in 17 eyes. The B-scan revealed vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment in all paitents. The intraocular pressure was from 5 to 11 mm Hg in all patients. The therappeutic operative procedures which were performed by one surgeon in all of the affected eyes included standard 3-port pars plana vitrectomy with scleral encircling buckle, endophotocoagulation and tamponading with silicone oil in all patients; lensectomy in 15 eyes; 360? retinotomy and retinectomy at anterior equator in 16 patients, and posterior equator in 12 eyes. Results During the operation, all patients were confirmed with vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment, including hemorrhagic ciliary body detachment in 9 eyes, suprachoroidal hemorrhage in 12 eyes, retinal twisting like morning glory in 11 eyes, and retinal incarceration in 17 eyes. Postoperative follow-up In 26 eyes who were followed up postoperatively from 6 months to 46 months, retinal reattachment was found in 20 patients (76. 9%) in whom the retina of 3 was reattached after revitrectomy and the silicone oil of 8 was removed at the fourth month after operation. In 20 eyes with reattached retina, 14 (70. 0%) had corrected visual acuity of 0. 02 or more, including 7 (35. 0%) had 0. 05 or more, 3 had 0. 1 or more, and 1 had the best visual acuity of 0. 3. Conclusion Retinectomy may improve the prognosis of severe ocular rupture and save the visual function of some patients.

Background Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common vasculoretinopathy in ophthalmology.No an effective treating way is confirmed so far,and some new approach is in exploration.Objective The present study aims to investigate the safety and feasibility of injection of tissue plasminogen activator into optic nerve for the treatment of RVO using flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP) and flash electroretinogram(F-ERG).Methods The recording electrodes for F-VEP were implanted into the skull of rabbits to investigate the safety and feasibility of injection of tPA into the optic nerve.25μg of tPA or 12.5μg tPA (0.1 mL) was injected in pars plane via the center of optical disc respectively in different groups (6 eyes in each group),and 0.1 mL of BSS was injected at the same method in control group.Other 6 eyes were as normal control group.Slit lamp biomicroscope,indirect ophthalmoscope,F-VEP and F-ERG examinations were performed in 1 day,3,4,14 and 28 days after injection.All experiments were conducted in accordance with the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology statement on the use of animals in ophthalmic and Vision Research.Results No obvious evidence of optic nerve or retinal toxicity or damage was found by the examination of ophthalmoscope,F-VEP,and F-ERG after injection of tPA.No significantly differences were found in the mean latency of P_1 wave of F-VEP (P=0.411),the mean amplitude of P_1 wave of F-VEP (P=0.065),the mean latency and amplitude of ERG a-waves (P=0.627,P=0.725) as well as the mean latency and amplitude of ERG b-waves (P=0.257,P=0.096) among 25 μg of tPA group,12.5 μg tPA group,BSS group and control group.Conclusion The injection of tPA into optic nerve is a safe and simple procedure.This therapy may is a potential approach to the treatment of RVO.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of encircling scleral buckling surgery in rhegmatogenous retinal detachement (RRD) with vitrectomy. Methods The records of a series of 118 consecutive patients with RRD undergone encircling scleral buckling surgery and vitrectomy between 1995 1999 were reviewed. All of the patients underwent an onece vitrectomy, and they consisted of with encircling scleral buckling group and without encircling scleral buckling group. The difference of rate of retinal reattachment, and the relationship between the reattachment rate and the grade of PVR, position of retinal tear and the different intraocular tamponade substitute in both groups were analysed and compared. The average follow up period was 6.5 mons (1.5 mons 3 ys). Results The rate of retinal reattachment in this series of 118 cases was 81 4% (96/118) in which the encircling scleral buckling group accounted for 44 7% and the group without encircling scleral buckling accounted for 55.3%. There was no statistical difference of rate of retinal reattachment between both groups with PVR C, different intraocular tamponade and various positions of retinal tears, while the rate of retinal reattachment in cases of PVR D and retinal tears posterior to equator in group without encircling scleral buckling was significanthy higher than that in encircling scleral buckling group ( P

Objectives:To investigate the effects of verapamil on serum induced proliferation of rabbit pigment epithelial(RPE) cells so as to search for simple and effective medicine on PVR. Methods:The rabbit RPE cells(passage 2 to 5) were cultured with various concentrations of verapamil in DMEM.The effects of verapamil on the cell cycle of RPE were analyzed with flow cytometry. Results:Verapamil significantly inhibited the serum induced proliferation of RPE cells, prevented RPE from G 1 phase transiting to S phase. Conclusions:Verapamil significantly inhibits RPE cell proliferation, and it may become a promising drug on PVR.

Objective To explore the effect of various information means in the training of newly recruited nurses and to provide a practical basis for comprehensive and thorough development of the training. Methods Nurses who are enrolled in 2015 were chosen as the test group. Its applications can be in the form of Mobile APP,office software,online software and We Chat public platform. Afterwards,the effect of various information means can be judged by comparing the test results with the nurses who are enrolled in 2013 (the control group). The nurses in the test group were surveyed in the form of questionnaires to evaluate the training effect. Results The scores of theory ex amination and nasal feeding in the test group were higher than those of control group(P<0.01). The 93.8 percent of the nurses in test group believe that training is beneficial to the understanding and consolidation of knowledge as well as to improve the ability of self-learning. Also the training effect is prominent. Conclusion The various information means in the training of newly recruited nurses can improve training efficiency and enhance training effectiveness.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of using optimized protocol of iodine contrast agent with fixed injection time in triple-rule-out CT examination of acute chest pain patients. Methods A prospective study was conducted. The patients who underwent triple-rule-out CT examination of acute chest pain at the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from September 2017 to June 2018 were enrolled. According to the patient's body mass index (BMI), they were divided into BMI ≤ 23 kg/m2 group and BMI > 23 kg/m2 group. The patients in each group were subdivided into two subgroups according to the random number table, and they were given two iodine contrast injection protocols with fixed injection time (14 s). Protocol 1 was performed with 55 mL of total iodinated contrast media: iodinated contrast media was first injected at 5.0 mL/s for 8 s, followed by the same contrast media injection at 2.5 mL/s for 6 s, finally followed by injection of 40 mL of saline at a rate of 2.5 mL/s. Protocol 2 with 60 mL of total iodinated contrast media: iodinated contrast media was first injected at 5.0 mL/s for 10 s, followed by the same contrast media injection at 2.5 mL/s for 4 s, finally followed by injection of 40 mL of saline at a rate of 2.5 mL/s. The primary and objective evaluation was conducted on the image quality of the patients' blood vessels in different segments. The primary score, CT value and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the pulmonary artery, coronary artery, aorta and total effective radiation dose for the examination were recorded. Results A total of 92 patients were enrolled in the analysis. There were 44 patients in BMI≤ 23 kg/m2 group, in which 22 patients received in protocol 1 and protocol 2, 48 patients in BMI > 23 kg/m2 group, in which 24 patients in protocol 1 and protocol 2, respectively. There was no significant difference in the effective radiation dose between the two subgroups receiving different injection protocols in different BMI groups (mSv: 6.7±1.1 vs. 6.5±0.8 between protocol 1 and protocol 2 in BMI ≤ 23 kg/m2 group; 7.8±1.0 vs. 8.0±1.1 between protocol 1 and protocol 2 in BMI > 23 kg/m2 group, both P > 0.05). In BMI ≤ 23 kg/m2 group, the CT value, CNR and primary scores of pulmonary artery images in patients receiving protocol 2 were significantly higher than those receiving protocol 1 [CT value (HU): 584±110 vs. 472±86 for main pulmonary artery, 561±93 vs. 467±78 for left pulmonary artery, 555±91 vs. 472±83 for right pulmonary artery; CNR: 24.2±7.5 vs. 18.7±4.6 for main pulmonary artery, 23.2±6.8 vs. 18.6±4.8 for left pulmonary artery, 22.9±6.7 vs. 18.8±4.7 for right pulmonary artery; primary score:4.0 (4.0, 4.0) vs. 3.5 (3.0, 4.0), all P < 0.05]; and there was no statistically significant difference in the primary or objective evaluation of coronary artery or aortic image quality between the two protocols. In BMI > 23 kg/m2 group, the CT value, CNR and primary scores of coronary artery and aortic images in patients receiving protocol 2 were significantly higher than those receiving protocol 1 [CT value (HU): 369±63 vs. 315±61 for proximal right coronary artery (RCA), 388±63 vs. 323±63 for proximal left coronary artery (LCA), 328±83 vs. 272±51 for ascending aorta, 348±82 vs. 272±49 for aortic arch; CNR: 15.0±4.6 vs. 12.3±4.7 for proximal RCA, 15.7±3.8 vs. 12.8±5.2 for proximal LCA, 13.2±5.3 vs. 10.4±4.1 for ascending aorta, 14.1±5.3 vs. 10.4±3.9 for aortic arch; primary score: 4.0 (3.0, 4.0) vs. 3.0 (3.0, 4.0) for coronary, 4.0 (3.0, 4.0) vs. 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) for aorta; all P < 0.05]; and there was no statistically significant difference in the primary or objective evaluation of pulmonary artery image quality between the two protocols. Conclusions The effective radiation dose of triple-rule-out CT examination of acute chest pain is relatively low. The low-dose iodine contrast agent application program with fixed injection time can meet the needs of clinical diagnosis of triple-rule-out CT examination of acute chest pain patients. For patients with BMI ≤ 23 kg/m2, both protocols 1 and 2 can obtain excellent image quality; in order to avoid the influence of superior vena cava artifacts, protocol 1 is recommended. For patients with BMI > 23 kg/m2, application protocol 2 can obtain stable, excellent image quality that is more suitable for clinical applications.

OBJECTIVETo identify the differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) between esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESC) and adjacent non-tumorous tissue (NT).

METHODSThe expression levels of the miRNAs were detected in 3 fresh ESC and NT samples by hybridization with miRNAs microarray chip. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was performed to confirm the results of the microarray analysis. The expressions of hsa-miR-126 and hsa-miR-518b in ESC were validated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in another independent 15 matched samples.

RESULTSA total of 11 miRNAs exhibited differential expressions in ESC samples as compared to their expressions in the NT samples, including a 1 up-regulated miRNA and 10 down-regulated miRNAs. Compared with normal esophageal samples, the ESC tissues showed up-regulated hsa-miR-126 and down-regulated hsa-miR-518b expression.

CONCLUSIONhsa-miR-126 and hsa-miR-518b are differentially expressed in ESC, and they might play important roles in the carcinogenesis and progression of ESC.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis is one of the most common causes of acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis in developing countries.Now, the specific pathogenesis of the disease is unclear, the clinical manifestations are diverse, and the treatment of this disease is symptomatic support therapy.The study of the pathogenesis is helpful to improve the prevention and treatment of ASPGN.In this review, we focused on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of acute streptococcal glomerulonephritis in pediatrics.

Juvenile localized scleroderma is a rare childhood disease, the specific pathogenesis of this disease has not been fully clarified.Early recognition and timely diagnosis are crucial, early intervention is associated with good prognosis.But there is a lack of relatively reliable evaluation of disease activity and treatment response.At present, the main diagnostic basis of the disease is clinical manifestations.When there is doubt about the diagnosis, skin or subcutaneous tissue biopsy is required.In addition, high frequency Doppler ultrasound, shear-wave elastography, infrared thermal imaging, MRI, cone beam computed tomography, and dermatology evaluation tools, etc., all can reflect the patient′s condition to a certain extent.However, systematic evaluation should be improved in the process of diagnosis and treatment.In terms of treatment, hormones and methotrexate are still the first-line treatment for the disease, while evidence for second-line therapy is limited.Mycophenolate, hydroxychloroquine, cyclosporine A, tocilizumab and infliximab may play a certain role in the treatment of this disease.