Aim To investigate the effect and mechanism of cobra venom metalloproteinase atrase A on inhibiting platelet aggregation.Methods Platelet aggregation induced by collagen,ADP,PAF,AA,ristocetin and thrombin,respectively,was measured turbimetrically after platelet incubated with atrase A.Western blot was used to detect the effect of atrase A on cleavage of platelet membrane glycoprotein and von Willebrand Factor.Results Atrase A significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin and thrombin in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Meanwhile,atrase A just showed slight inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by PAF,AA,collagen,and ADP after incubated with PRP for 5 min.After incubation time was prolonged to 30 min,significant inhibition was shown on platelet aggregation.Western blot revealed that atrase A cleaved platelet membrane glycoprotein GPIb.Conclusions Cobra venom metalloproteinase atrase A significantly inhibits platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin and thrombin due to the cleavage of platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib.And atrase A also has inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by ADP,PAF,AA,and collagen.

Aim To investigate the inhibitory effect of atrase B on human platelet aggregation induced by activated complement.Methods By employing CVF to activate complement,the effect of atrase B on gel filtered platelet aggregation induced by activated complement was measured by turbidimetry and the expression of P-selectin and GPⅡb/Ⅲa on platelet membrane were detected by flow cytometry.Results Atrase B inhibited platelet aggregation and the expression of P-selectin and GPⅡb/Ⅲa on platelet membrane induced by activated complement.Conclusion Anticomplementary protein atrase B from Naja atra venom can significantly inhibit platelet activation and aggregation induced by activated complement.

Objective To explore the significance of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of cervical carcinoma. Methods 45 patients undergoing surgery for cervical carcinoma were enrolled. Transvaginal color Doppler flow imaging was performed preoperatively to detect the arterial blood flow signals within the tumors and the lowest resistance index (RI) value was recorded for analysis. Results Significant difference RI values were noted in cervical carcinoma group compared with contrast group (P <0.001). RI were associated with tumor diameter, stage status, pathologic grade and pelvic lymph node metastasis of cervical carcinoma(P < 0.05). There were no relations between RI and patients's age and pathologic type (P >0.05). Conclusion The angiogenesis character of cervical carcinoma can be showed by RI, and RI had some inherent connections with clinicopathologic parameters of cervical carcinoma. Transvaginal color doppler ultrasound could accurately predict angiogenesis of cervical carcinoma preoperatively and be of importance in the diagnosis of cervical carcinoma. It could provide standard in prognosis evaluation.

Objective To study the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) on neuron-like differentiation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs)-labeled amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell.Methods Cells were cultured from enzymatic-digested amniotic membrane tissue.After that,the following steps were taken:(1) Mesenchymal stem cells derived from amniotic membrane were identified by using cell morphology,MTT method and flow cytometry.(2)SPIONs were used to label amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem.(3)bFGF was imported to induce the neuron-like differentiation of SPIONs-labeled amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell.Results (1) Primary cultures of P3,amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell were fibroblast-like and expression of surface molecules CD29,CD44,CD90 and CD105 was detected,while expression of CD31,CD34,CD45 and CD106 was negative.(2) SPIONs of no more than 14.0 μg/ml are safe to label amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Cell activity is more than 80％ and expression of surface molecules CD29,CD44,CD90 and CD105 is positive.(3)RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry analysis showed that 10.0 ng/ml bFGF induced neuron-like differentiation of amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell (14 μg/ml SPIONs-labeled).Conclusions Enzymatic digestion and cell adherent culture method can be used to isolate mesenchymal stem cells from amniotic membrane.SPIONs of no more than 14.0 μg/ml are safe to label amniotic membrance-derived mesenchymal stem cells and have no effect on the cell activity.Neuron-like differentiation of amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell can be induced with 10.0 ng/ml bFGF.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on cognitive dysfunction after offpump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients.Methods Fifty-eight ASA physical status Ⅱt or Ⅲ patients,aged 51-63 yr,weighing 52-83 kg,undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =29 each):control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,etomidate,sufentanil and pipecuronium.The patients were thracheal intubated and mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintained with propofol,sufentanil,isoflurane and pipecuronium.A loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was infused over 15 min after tracheal intubation,followed by dexmedetomidine infusion at 0.5 μg· kg-1 · h-1 until the end of operation in group D,while the equal volume of normal saline was infused in group C.Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at 24 h before operation and 24,48 and 72 h after operation.The development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction was recorded within 72 h after operation.The consumption of sufentanil and extubation time after extubation was recorded.Results Compared with group C,MMSE scores at 24 and 48 h after operation were significantly increased and the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction within 72 h after operation was decreased (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the consumption of sufentanil and extubation time in group C (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can decrease the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of bifidobacterium tetragenous viable bacteria tablets (BTVBT) in blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo parallel comparison, multicentre clinical research.The subjects were T2DM patients who were using anti-hyperglycemic drugs.They were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to 1∶1 ratio.The subjects accepted the therapy of BTVBT or placebo by oral administration (3 tablets, tid) for eight weeks, followed up for 4 weeks, during which the basic treatment maintained unchanged.The primary outcomes: the changes of glycosylate hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline.Results Totally 234 subjects (116 cases in observation group and 118 cases in control group) from 7 centers were included in the study.The baseline characteristics were comparable between these two groups.The HbA1c was (8.00±1.08)％ and (7.99±1.03)％ in observation group and control group, respectively, at baseline, and was (7.28±1.28)％ and (7.36±1.02)％ after 12 weeks of treatment [(-0.66±1.38)％ vs.(-0.64±1.14)％,P=0.914 5].The secondary outcomes were as follows: the fasting blood glucose (FBG) in the observation group were (7.91±1.87)mmol/L and (8.05±2.33)mmol/L at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment;while in the control group, the FBG were (8.51±1.68)mmol/L and (8.00±2.02)mmol/L, and comparisons between two groups showed no significant change (P>0.05).The glycated albumin in the observation group and control group were (21.38±5.74)％ and (21.93±6.51)％ at baseline;after 4 weeks of treatment, they were (20.08±6.05)％ and (20.58±7.30)％ (the changes from baseline in these two groups were (-1.19±4.37)％ and (-1.20±5.08)％];after 8 weeks of treatment, they were (19.07±5.56)％ and (20.83±8.74)％ [the changes from baseline were (-2.09±4.51)％ and (-0.98±6.85)％];after 12 weeks of treatment, they were (19.03±5.19)％ and (19.36±6.14)％ [the changes from baseline were (-2.18±4.60)％ and (-2.47±5.20)％], there were no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05).The subgroup analysis showed that in those patients with the characteristics including body mass index (BMI)≥25 kg/m2 at baseline, the duration of diabetes mellitus longer than 8 years, fasting blood glucose less than 8 mmol/L and using insulin at baseline, the changes of HbA1c from baseline to the end of 12 weeks therapy in the observation group were more than in the control group.There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of safety profiles, including the vital signs and laboratory findings (blood cell counts, liver function, and kidney function, all P>0.05).Conclusion Administration of BTVBT in T2DM patients for 12 weeks does not remarkably improve the HbA1c.

Objective To investigate influence factors on neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and find a preventive way against the said disorder. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of 63 cases NEC (observation group) and 70 cases non-NEC (control group) admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of two hospitals from January 2010 to May 2014. The cases were grouped in 29 factors. The individual factors of 28 out of the 29 factors were analy-sised with SAS 9.1 statistical software, and the screened important factors were investigated by logistic regression. Re-sults The ratios of 4 factors, application of prenatal corticosteroids, breast feeding prior to the ailment, oral probiotics and hyperbilirubinemia in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, while the ratios of 14 factors were higher than those in the control group, premature rupture of membrane, asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, umbilical venous catheters, oxygen uptake, sepsis, septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagula-tion (DIC), congenital heart disease, scleredema, hyponatremia, hypocalcaemia and transfusion. The differences of fac-tors mentioned were of statistic significance (P<0.05), while the differences of other factors were not statistically signifi-cant between the two groups (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that breast feeding, oral probiotics and hy-perbilirubinemia were protective factors against NEC; while sepsis, congenital heart disease and transfusion were major factors that lead to NEC. Conclusion NEC resulted from a combination of multiple factors, with sepsis, congenital heart disease and transfusion as the leading ones. Breast feeding, oral probiotics, and non-excessive curing against hyper-bilirubinemia will help reduce the incidence of NEC.

Objective The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetes is higher than that of non-diabetes.Thus,the aim of the present study was to observe the efficacy and safety of bifidobacterium tetragenous viable bacteria tablets in the treatment of constipation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods This is a multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel group-comparison clinical research.The subjects were randomly divided into study group and control group according to 1 ∶ 1 ratio by computer generated random number method.The subjects were either treated with bifidobacterium tetragenous viable bacteria tablets (study group) or placebo (control group) for eight weeks,and they were followed up for four weeks without changing foundation therapy for diabetes.The primary outcome was the change of complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs).Results A total of 234 subjects (the study group:116 cases;the control group:118 cases) from 7 centers were included in the present study.The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups.In the study group,the CSBMs at 0,2,4,8 and 12 weeks were 0.0(0.0,1.0),1.0(0.5,2.0),2.0(1.0,3.0),3.0(2.0,3.5),2.0(1.0,3.0) times per week,respectively,while the CSBMs of the control group at each corresponding weeks were 0.0(0.0,1.0),1.0(0.0,1.5),1.0(0.0,1.5),1.0(0.0,2.0),1.0(0.0,1.5)times per week,respectively.There is significant difference in CSBMs between the two groups (P＜0.05).Moreover,after 12 weeks treatment,the CSBMs over spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) ratio in the study group was higher than that in the control group [0.53 (0.40,0.67) vs 0.33 (0.00,0.50),P=0.048],indicating a more complete evacuation sensation in the study group.More subjects in the study group (66.38％) reached Bristol stool classification of normal criteria than those in the control group (48.31％,P=0.005).There were significantly improvement of bowel function index in the study group [study group 42.7 (33.3,56.7),control group 60.6 (51.7,75.7),P＜0.000 1].Furthermore,the symptoms of constipation was improved,and the satisfaction for the treatment was high in the study group.There were no significant differences of the safety indicators between the two groups.Conclusions Bifidobacterium tetragenous viable bacteria tablets can be used in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and constipation.Compared with placebo,it improves constipation and has no obvious adverse effects.