Several kinds of column chromatography method were used to investigate the chemical constituents of the leaves of Lophatherum gracile. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified based on their physicochemical properties and spectral data. A new flavone C-glycoside was isolated and its structure was identified as 3'-methoxyl-luteolin 6-C-beta-D-galactopyranosiduronic acid (1 --> 2) -alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (1).
Antiviral Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavones ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Hydrolysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Poaceae ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the effect of taurine transporter in the process of protection of brain edema in rats with severe traumatic head injury. Methods A total of 24 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Except the control rats (Group Sham), all other three groups were subjected to lateral fluid percussion head injury. The TBI (Traumatic brain injury) models (Group TBI) and surgical control rats (Group Sham) were injected with saline through caudal vein after surgery, while the Taurine prevention and Taurine treatment models (Group Pre Tau and Group Tau) were injected with 120 g/L taurine solution before or after surgeries respectively. Water content in each brain, mRNA and protein expres?sion of aquaporin 4 and taurine transporter in the injured rat brain hemispheres were all evaluated over the time course of the study (7 d) in each group. Results Compared with rats in Group Sham, water content in each brain increase, mRNA tran?scription and protein expression of AQP4 were both up regulated but the mRNA transcription and protein expression of TauT were both down-regulated in rats in TBI group. Compared with rats in TBI group, brain water content, mRNA transcription and protein expression of AQP4 all decrease while mRNA transcription and protein expression of TauT all increase in rats in Pre tau and Tau groups. There is no statistical difference of TauT expression between rats in pre-tau group and Tau group. Conclusion Taurine exert its neuron protection role through draining water content from brain and down regulating expres?sion of AQP4 but rising expression of TauT after TBI.

BackgroundRetinal pigment epithelial(RPE) cells can secrete platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF receptor(PDGFR).Studies have shown that PDGF plays a key role in the formation of proliferative vitreous retinopathy(PVR). ObjectiveThis study was to investigate the proliferation and apoptosis changes of RPE after blockage of the PDGFR-α expression by antisense oligonucleotide ( ASODN ) in vitro. Methods Human RPE cells strain was cultured in low glucose DMEM with 10％ fetal bovine serum.Logarithmic phase cells were collected and incubated in 96-well plate at the density of 5 × 105 cells/hole.PDGFR-α ASODN was transfected into RPE cells at different concentrations for 48 hours.The cells of the blank control group were regularly cultured without any transfection.The changes of PDGFR-α expression were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and the proliferation of RPE was detected by MTT as the A490 value.Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining was used to determine the apoptosis of RPE.Flow cytometry method (FCM) was applied to detect the change of cell cycle and apoptosis rate of RPE cells. ResultsThe A490 values of RPE cells were 1.45±0.12,1.07±0.06,0.65±0.05 in blank control group,1.0 μmol/L Lipo-ASODN group and 2.0 μmol/L Lipo-ASODN group with the significant difference(P=0.00 ),and that of 1.0 μmol/L Lipo-ASODN group and 2.0 μ mol/L Lipo-ASODN group were significantly lower than the blank control group ( P =0.00,0.00).Hoechst 33258 staining showed that the apoptosis cells were obviously more in Lipo-ASODN group compared with blank control group.PDGFR-α ASODN transfection induced an increase of percentage of RPE cells in G0/G1 phase( F =206.70,P =0.00),and the apoptosis rates in 1.0 μmol/L Lipo-ASODN group and 2.0 μmol/L Lipo-ASODN group were significantly enhanced in comparison with blank control group ( 37.8 ± 1.3 vs 10.5 ± 0.1,61.2 ± 1.9 vs 10.5 ± 0.1 ) ( F =1808.90,P =0.00 ).Expression intensity of PDGFR-α mRNA in RPE cells in Lipo-ASODN groups was lower. ConclusionsBlocking the PDGFR-α expression with ASODN technology can suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis of RPE cells.Intensity of PDGFR-α mRNA expression in RPE cells is ASODN dose-dependent.ASODN targeted to PDGFR-α offers an experimental basis of the gene therapy for PVR.

Objective To investigate the expression level of adenosine 2A receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes and the correlation with disease progression of Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods In this retrospcctive study,out patients with PD(42 cases)and healthy controls(32 cases) were recruited at Beijing Hospital.The expression level of A2A receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry.The concentration of free A2A receptors in plasma was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of A2A receptors and plasma free A2A receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the PD group and the control group was compared.Multivariate regression analysis and single factor correlation analysis were performed on sex,age,course of disease,duration of medication,drug type and dose,motor complications,and PD unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS)score.Results A2A receptor expression in lymphocytes was significantly higher in the PD group than in the control group (8.96 ± 4.73)％ vs.(5.39±2.42)％ (t=4.210,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in A2A receptor concentrations in plasma between the two groups (1.82 ± 1.91) μg/L vs.(1.15 ± 0.71) μg/L(t=1.078,P＞0.05).In the PD group,A2A receptor expression in lymphocytes in patients with motor complications was statistically lower than in patients without them (P＜ 0.05).Lymphocyte A2A receptor levels in the 5-9 years duration subgroup were significantly lower than those in the ＜5 years duration subgroup (Z=2.780,P＜0.01) and the≥10 years duration subgroup (Z=-2.149,P＜0.05).Conclusions The expression of A2A receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes is correlated with PD.The expression of A2 A receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with PD fluctuates with the occurrence of motor complications and the progression of disease.Further research is needed to establish A2A receptors as a biomarker for monitoring disease progression.

Objective To develop a scoring system to determine peptic ulcer risks and to evaluate its screening efficiency.Methods A total of 862 people who underwent gastroscopy for the first time ranging from 18 to 45 years old were enrolled in this study.They were divided into two cohorts with the method of simple random sampling,514 in the original cohort and 348 in the validation cohort.Information such as demographic characteristics,dietary intake,lifestyle,symptoms relating to peptic ulcer was obtained.A multivariable logistic regression method was used to determine independent predictors of peptic ulcer.Based on the logistic regression model,a scoring system was developed with a regression coefficient-based scoring method.Then the scoring system was internally and externally validated.Each value of calibration,discrimination and accuracy were computed and then compared with those of original cohort to assess its screening efficiency.Results Three variables (gender,smoking and melena) composed the scoring system with scores ranging from 0 to 4 points.It had good calibration (P =0.956) and discrimination (area under the ROC =0.70,95％CI:0.65-0.76).With 2.5 points as the screening cutoff value,the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy rate,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 49.5％,82.2％,75.5％,41.6％,86.4％,2.78 and 0.61,respectively.In the validation cohort,the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy rate,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 27.2％,92.7％,71.3％,64.6％,72.3％,3.89 and 0.79.The results above indicated that the screening efficiency of the scoring system in the original cohort was similar to that in the validation cohort.Conclusion The scoring system to determine peptic ulcer risks,containing gender,smoking and melena,has good screening efficiency and can be applied to predict the risks of peptic ulcer.

Objective To investigate the values of three-dimensional visualization technology in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of hepatic hemangioma. Methods Thirty two patients with hepatic hemangioma who had been hospitalized during the period from July 2010 to January 2014 in our hospital were scanned by 64-slice spiral computerized tomography (CT) before surgical treatment. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction based on the CT data was carried out to achieve dignosis and surgical planning. Assisted with the 3D model , we chose the best surgical procedure for liver resection, protecting the major blood vessels near hemangioma and retaining normal liver tissue as far as possible. Results The location, size and shape of hepatic hemangioma, vascular variation, and spatial relationship with intrahepatic vessel were shown factually by three-dimensional reconstruction. All the hemangiomas were preoperatively assessed to be resectable. The compliance rate for preoperative surgical planning to actual surgery was 100%. Under assistance of the 3D model during surgery , 14 patients received laparoscopic hepatectomy and 18 underwent hepatectomy. Pringle′s maneuver was applied in 18 patients , with blocking time of (15.32 ± 7.12) min and blood loss of (188.63 ± 66.37) mL. The postoperative complications included pleural effusion in 5 patients and incision infection in one patients. Conclusions Three-dimensional visualization technology for the individualized diagnosis and treatment of hepatic hemangioma helps reduce surgical trauma and incidence of postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanisms of recipient-derived immature dendritic cells(imDC) transfected with IKK2dn and loaded with donor antigen on renal allografts survival in the rats.Methods DC were cultured from recipient rats'(Lewis) bone marrow,transfected with IKK2dn and loaded with donor antigen.The expression of CD86 and MHC Ⅱ was detected,and the ability of DC stimulating lymphocyte proliferation in vitro was measured.Male Brown Norwav rats and Lewis rats were used as donors and recipients respectively.Four groups were set up(DC group,empty transfection group,transfection group and control group),receiving 1×10~7 DC,Adv-0-DC,Adv-IKK2dn-DC loaded with BN antigen,and equal volume of normal saline,respectivelv 7 davs before transplantation.In the third party donor-group,Wistar rats as donors were treated the same as DC;group before transplantation.After transplantation,the T lymphocyte proliferation in reciPients was measured and the expression of serum IL-2 and IFN-γ was detected.The survival time of recipients and the acute reiection were observed.Pathological changes were examined tO identify the grade of rejection.Results DC assessment in vivo revealed that the transfected DC could still express CD86 and MHC Ⅱ in a low level as compared with those not transfected with IKK2dn. After DC were loaded with donor's antigen,the expression of CD86 and MHC Ⅱ was up-regulated.After DC were transfected with IKK2dn before loaded with donor's antigen, the expression of CD86 and MHC Ⅱ had no significant change. When DC were loaded with donor's antigen, its allostimulatory activity of T lymphocyte proliferation was enhanced (P<0. 05). When DC were transfected with IKK2dn before loaded with donor's antigen, its allostimulatory activity of T lymphocyte proliferation was not enhanced. Compared with control groups, IKK2dn-transfected DC pulsed with BN splenocyte lysate markedly prolonged the survival of renal allografts (26. 8±1.76d, P<0.01), and elicited markedly lower proliferative responses and reduced IL-2 and IFN-γ production. The pathological grade of rejection was low in the transfection group. Conclusion Recipient-derived imDC transfected with IKK2dn and loaded with donor splenocyte lysate could prolong the renal allograft survival in rats probably by down-regulating the expression of DC costimulatory molecules and inhibiting the T_H 1 cytokine production.

Background Platelet-derived growth facto(PDGF) affectthe proliferation of human lenepithelial cell(LECs),and human LECexpresPDGF-α recepto(PDGFR-α) throughoutheilifetime.The binding of activated PDGF-α receptowith PDGF promotethe synthesiof DNA.Othestudiedemonstrated thasilencing of PDGFR-α by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide(ASODN) inhibitthe growth of RPE cellin proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR),buwhethethitechnique ifeasible foLECiunclear.Objective Thistudy wato investigate the effecof the knockdown of the PDGFR-α on the proliferation of human LECin vitro,and to offean experimental basifothe gene therapy of posteriocapsule opacification.MethodHuman LECstrain SRA01/ 04 wacultured in α-MEM containing fetal bovine serum.The cellwere incubated in 6-well platea5 × 104 cells/ well and transfection of ASODN-containing liposome waperformed.The cellwere divided into the blank control group (with blank liposome),PDGFR-α missense oligodeoxynucleotide(MSODN) group (with PDGFR-α MSODN + liposome),0.5 μmol/L PDGFR-α ASODN group (with 0.5 μmol/L PDGFR-α ASODN+liposome) and 1.0 μmol/L PDGFR-α ASODN group (with 1.0 μ mol/L PDGFR-α ASODN+liposome).The morphology of LECwaexamined undean inverse microscope 24 houraftetransfection.The expression of PDGFR-α mRNin the cellwadetected by reverse transcription-PC(RT-PCR).The rate of proliferation (A490) of the cellwaassayed using Mtand the inhibitory rate of PDGFR-α ASODN on proliferation wameasured.The percentage of LECin G1 phase waanalyzed by flow cytometer.ResultThe LECgrew well and exhibited polygonal shape in the blank control group and PDGFR-α MSODN group 24 houraftetransfection.Buin the 0.5 μmol/L and 1.0 μmol/L PDGFR-α ASODN groups,the cellappeared round in shape and the numberof cellwere obviously decreased.The expression of PDGFR-α mRNdetected by RT-Pcdemonstrated highelevel in the blank control group and PDGFR-α MSODN group;however,the PDGFR-α mRNexpression waobviously lowein the 0.5 μmol/L and 1.0 μmol/L PDGFR-α ASODN groups.The A490 value wa0.661 ± 0.036,0.655 ± 0.016,0.529 ± 0.030 and 0.441 ± 0.039 in the blank control group,PDGFR-α MSODN group,0.5 μmol/L PDGFR-α ASODN group and 1.0 μmol/L PDGFR-α ASODN group,respectively,showing significandecline in the 0.5 μmol/L PDGFR-α ASODN group and 1.0 μ mol/L PDGFR-α ASODN group in comparison with the blank control group (F=34.08,P＜0.01).The percentageof LECin G1 phase were (47.73±1.18)％,(49.48±1.09)％,(53.31±1.30)％ and (59.98±0.95) ％ in the blank control group,PDGFR-α MSODN group,0.5 μmol/L PDGFR-α ASODN group and 1.0 μmol/L PDGFR-α ASODN group,showing significandifference among them (F =68.41,P＜0.01),and thain the 0.5 μmol/L PDGFR-α ASODN group o1.0 μmol/L PDGFR-α ASODN group showed significantly increase in comparison with the blank control group (P＜0.05).ConclusionPDGFR-α silencing could inhibithe proliferation of human LECin vitro.

The lack of effective in vitro infection model for hepatitis E virus (HEV) has greatly hindered the quantitative analysis of neutralizing titers of anti-HEV antibodies and human sera, thus impeding further studies of HEV-stimulated antibody responses and the immunological mechanisms. In order to improve this situation, the infection of HepG2 cells that are inefficient for HEV replication was continuously monitored until the viral load reached the limit of detection on day 13, the results of which confirmed the feasibility of using this cell line to establish the infection model. Then, neutralization assays of five anti-HEV murine monoclonal antibodies and serum samples collected from four HEV vaccine recipients (collected before and after vaccination) were performed by 96 multi-channel parallel infections, nucleic acid extraction, and qPCR. The results showed that the cell model can be applied for quantitative evaluation of the neutralizing capacity of different antibodies and antiserum samples from HEV vaccine recipients. In this study, we have successfully established a high-throughput in vitro HEV replication model, which will prove to be useful for the evaluation of HEV vaccines and studies of HEV epitopes.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; analysis ; immunology ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; analysis ; immunology ; Hepatitis E ; immunology ; virology ; Hepatitis E virus ; chemistry ; immunology ; physiology ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; methods ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neutralization Tests ; methods ; Virus Replication

Nine compounds were isolated from the leaves of Ilex latifolia. Their structures were respectively identified as 5-hydroxy-6, 7, 8, 4'-tetramethoxyflavone (1), tangeretin (2), nobiletin (3), 5-hydroxy-6, 7, 8, 3', 4'-pentamethoxyflavone (4), 5, 6, 7, 8, 4'-pentamethoxyflavonol (5), 5, 6, 7, 8, 3', 4'-hexamethoxy-flavonol (6), 5-hydroxy-3', 4', 7-trimethoxyflavanone (7), soyacerebroside I (8), and soyacerebroside II (9) by their physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data Compounds 1-9 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ilex ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry