Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common human hereditary disorder characteristic of development of bilateral multiple fluid-filled kidney cysts. Accumulated evidence has suggested that primary cilium of renal epithelial cell plays a key role in cystogenesis. In this article we will give an overview on the basic information about polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and summarize the recent progresses in studies of regulation of polycystin-1 and -2 trafficking to cilia. We will also discuss the possible role of trafficking defects of polycystins on the pathogenesis of ADPKD.

Objective To research the efficacy of different dose botulinum toxin A in the treatment of patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity due to spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis.Methods The datas of 43 patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity caused by spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis which accepted treatment in our hostipal were analyzed.And 38 patients were followed up for 12 weeks,of which 20 cases were treated with 200 U botulinum toxin A,and 18 cases received 100 U botulinum toxin A.The average age of 38 patients was 45.3 years old,and the ratio of famale was higher.The incontinence quality of life(I-QOL)changed from baselin after 6 weeks and 12 weeks was recorded.Resluts The final outcomes showed that the efficacy of botulinum toxin A with 200U was better than that with 100 U according to I-QOL score,and the difference was statistical significance(P <0.05).Conclusion The botulinum toxin A has positive effect on neurogenic detrusor overactivity,and the efficacy of 200 U injection is better than that of 100 U.

Objective To verify the performance of HBV detection reagents for Roche MODULRA E170 electrochemical lumi-nescence analyzer .Methods Referring to CLSI EP15-A document ,the minimum detection limit ,linear range ,precision and accuracy of the HBV detection reagents were verified .Results The intra-assay coefficient of variation ,total coefficient of variation ,linear range of HBsAb ,and minimum detection limits of HBsAg and HBeAg of the HBV detection reagents for MODULRA E170 electro-chemical luminescence analyzer all reached the performance claimed by manufacturer .Conclusion The performance of HBV detec-tion reagents for MODULRA E170 electrochemical luminescence analyzer is excellent ,and it can meet the needs of clinical diagnosis and treatment .

OBJECTIVE To analyze the treating efficacy of meropenem on blood tumor combined with the infection in children. METHODS A retrospective study protocol was adopted,totally 80 acute leukemia and other subjects complicated with infection were observed.The dosage of meropenem was 10-20 mg/kg,q8-12 h for all the patients and the treatment course in most patients was less than 10-14 days. RESULTS The effectiveness rate was 78.8%.The effectiveness rate was 80% for hematological system diseases complicated with septicemia and was 77.0% for hematological system diseases complicated with agranulocytosis.The occurrence rate of side effect of meropenem in this group was 0. CONCLUSIONS Meropenem is significantly effective and safe in the treatment of hematological system diseases complicated with infections.

The effects of adrenomedullin on infection, inflammation, immune regulation had been reviewed in this paper, suggesting that cardiovascular active peptides involve in defense reactions.

Objective To explore the effect and adverse reaction of topiramate(TPM) on treating Lennox-Gastaut syndrome(LGS)(including therapeutic alliance or single ). Methods Twenty-four cases with LGS whose attacks could not be controlled by re-(gular) therapy were selected.TPM was gradually increased from low dosage till its showing effect or untolerant adverse reaction.Results Two cases were excluded because of adverse reaction and increase of attacks. The remained cases were followed up from 6 months to 15 months (average: 9 months). The total effective rate was 82.6%, 11 cases accounting for 45.8% free of attack. The tonic-clonic seizure reduced more than 50% accounting for 82.2%, the full control accounting for 66.7%. The myoclonic seizure reduced more than 50% accounting for 81.8%,the full control accounting for 58.8%.The atypical absence seizure reduced more than 50% accounting for 81.8%, the full control accounting for 63.6%. The maximum effect occurred about 2-40 weeks following TPM used, the dosage about 2-10 mg/(kg?d).The adverse reaction included anorexia (8 cases), language disorder (5 cases), drowsiness (4 cases), decrease of anamnesis (3 cases), weight loss or unchanged(3 cases), inattention (3 cases), depression (3 cases), mental bradypraxia (2 cases ), skin damage (1 case), stupor (1 case), gross hematuria(1 case).The hepatic and renal function were normal during therapy. Conclusion TPM is a new, broad-spectrum, effective and safe antiepileptics drug on treating LGS.

0.05).Compared with abnormality of rCBF in spastic left hemiplegia,there was significant difference between right and left lobes of cerebrum(P

AIM:To evaluate the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with tumor lysate to initiate cell mediated immune responses by stimulating naive T cells, and the efficiency of activated T cells to kill autologous tumor cells in vitro. METHODS: The peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes were obtained from the advanced renal cell carcinoma patient by eonglutination method. The immature dendritic cells were generated in the presence of interleukin -4(IL-4) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from monocytes of healthy individuals.These cells were pulsed with tumor lysate or not. Induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs) response by mature dendritic cells (mDCs) was evaluated by the CD95(Fas) expression assay through FCM and the cytotoxic assay a gninst autolognns human tumor cells. RESULTS: Human immature dendritic cells and T cells obtained from healthy donors were stimulated with tumor- pulsed dendritic cells. The immature dendritic cells were applied to the cytotoxicity assay a gainst target autologons tumor cells. The CD95 (Fas) expression, IFN-γ, and TNF -α secreted by the CTLs in tumor lysate-plused DC group were higher than those of other groups. The capacity of the CTLs to kill autolognns tumor cells was significantly different(P<0. 05). Antigen-specific DCs vaccine can induce T cells activation and proliferation, thus we can obtain higher proportion of tumor specific cytotoxic T cells(CTLs), and enhance the CTLs to secret IFN-γ and TNF-α. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that monocyte-derived human dendritic cells pulsed with tumor lysate could in duce the specific antitumor effect against autologons tumors. This in vitro model offers a new and simple approach to the development of DC + CTL - based immunotherapy.

Administration, Inhalation ; Ambroxol ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

Objective:To compare the effects of different polishing techniques on the surface roughness of ceramic surfaces,provi-ding reference to restoration polishing in clinic.Methods:70 disc-shaped ceramic specimens were randomly divided into 7 groups(n=10).The glazing treated samples were served as the controls(group 1),the rest samples were treated by white aluminum oxide stone only(group 2)or followed by the polishing head of Ceramiste(group 3),Ceramiste and Ceramaster(group 4),Komer porcelain (group 5),Komer zirconium oxide(group 6)and EVE zirconium oxide,respectively.Roughness of the ceramic samples(including Ra,Rz and Rp)was measured with surface profilometry after different process and the data were analyzed by one way ANOVA.The surface characteristics of the specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy.Results:The Ra and Rp of group 2 and 3 was higher than those of group 1(P <0.05).The Rz of group 2,3,4 and 5 was higher than that of group 1(P <0.05).Conclusion:Polishers interspersed with diamond grit may achieve a finish equal in smoothness to the glazed surface.