With continued ozone deletion and increased ultraviolet application,ultraviolet (UV) induced eye injury receives more attention,especially for astronauts,residents on high elevation plateaus and other people exposed to intense beams of UV.Continuous exposure to UV can lead to damage of conjunctiva,cornea,crystalline lens and retina,which are correlated with conjunctivitis,keratitis,ocular tumor,climatic droplet keratopathy,and pterygium.This paper focuses on the effect of UV on eyes,with a systematic elaboration of UV-induced eye injury.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational application of TCM injection. METHODS:The utilization of TCM injection in our hospital during 2011-2014 was analyzed in terms of species,consumption sum,DDDs and DDC,etc. RESULTS:The type and consumption sum of TCM injection kept stable in our hospital during 2011-2014. TCM injection for activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis as Shuxuetong(Heilougjiang),Danhong,Shuxuening took up the front of consumption sum in 4 years. Top 3 TCM injections in the list of DDDs were Shuxuetong,Shuxuening(Heilougjiang), Danhong/Xueshuangtong corre-sponded to consumption sum. DDC of TCM injection were kept around 100 yuan. DUI ratio of TCM injection were almost equal to 1 or close to 1. CONCLUSIONS:The amount and DDDs of TCM injection are synchronous in our hospital,and the utilization of TCM injection is stable and rational basically in our hospital. TCM injection with suitable price and definite efficacy take up a large share,and the amount of TCM injection for clearing away heat and toxic material with anti-inflammatory effect increase rapidly.

AIM: To investigate the application of atomic force microscope (AFM) in clinic diagnosis. METHODS: Topographic images and some parameters of large range field and microstructures of erythrocytes in the blood of normal subjects, lung cancer and myelodisplastic syndrome (MDS) patients were examined by atomic force microscope. RESULTS: Many clear topographic images of many erythrocytes, single erythrocyte, and microstructure of erythrocyte membrane surface were obtained. Many erythrocytes in lung cancer patients were found to change into echinocytes. One erythrocyte had 10-20 protuberances, most of which, with a mean width of 589.0 nm and a length of 646.7 nm, were on the edge of cells. The protuberances on the center of echinocytes are lodged and embedded. The erythrocytes of MDS patients were biconcave in shape. Many apertures with different diameters of tens to hundreds nanometer appeared on the surface of cell membrane. CONCLUSIONS: AFM can be widely applied in clinic pathological inspection, including quantification of cells, obtainment and comparison of many parameters (such as diameter, thickness, volume, surface, surface area/volume ratio), observation of topograph of single cell, and observation and comparison of membrane surface microstructure of cells, and so on.

AIM: To study the effects of fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) on adriamycin (ADR)-induced calcium and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase activity in cardiomyocytes of rats. METHODS: Rats were treated with ADR by intraperitoneal injection (2 5 mg?kg -1 body weight) once every two days for 11 days, and then ADR-treated rats were intervened by FDP at different dosages (ip) once every other day for 41 days. Enzyme linked immune absorption assay (ELISA) was employed to detect froponin I (CTnI). CK-MB was examined by monoclonal antibody. Intracellular free calcium concentration was measured on fluorescent spectrophotometry and SRCa 2+-ATPase activity was examined by inorganic phosphate. RESULTS: FDP (300, 600, 1 200 mg?kg -1) significantly reduced the levels of CTnI and CK-MB in serum. Decreased calcium and increased SRCa 2+-ATPase activity in cardiomyocytes were also observed when ADR-treated rats were intervened by FDP (P

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of transbronchial lung biopsy(TBLB), CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy and sputum cytology for unknown lung mass. Methods The clinical data of 101 inpatients with unknown lung mass were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 101 cases, 73 cases underwent fibrous bronchoscopic examination, 18 cases underwent CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy, and 10 cases underwent both of them.The diagnostic coincident rate of the two methods was 70%. 54 cases were diagnosed lung carcinoma by pathology. The sensitivity and specificity of TBLB for diagnosing central type of tumor were 88% and 100%, respectiely, and those for diagnosing peripheral type of tumor were 43% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity of CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy was 80%,while the specificity was 100%. Complication frequency in the CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy was 22%, and much higher than that (12%) in the TBLB. Only 30% cases underwent sputum cytology examination, and the positive rat was 6%. Conclusion Sputum cytologic examination is a convenient and cheap method, but its diagnostic rate is relatively low. TBLB was the first choice for examining central type of lung mass. For the peripheral type of lung mass, examination method was selected based on the location and size of the mass.

Gastric cancer(GC) is deeply threatening the health of our people, the mortality rate of GC is the second death cause of carcinoma i n our country. Since the lack of special clinical symptom at the early state of GC, detecting GC at the molecular biological level is expected to diagnose early gastric cancer. This article discusses some markers such as PCNA, p53, telomera se, ras protein and so on to assess the possibility of diagnosing the early gas tric cancer with these molecular biological markers. According to analyzing rela ted papers published, PCNA and p53 were found to be the molecular biological mar kers which should be firstly taken into account in diagnosing gastric cancer. Bo th of them can be easily detected by using immunohistochemical method. Telomeras e is also a good marker, but because of its difficult technology and high cost, it is not so practicable as the former two as the diagnostic marker of early gas tric cancer. Besides, ras potein can also be taken into account as the early det ecting auxiliary marker for GC.

Respiratory viral infections are the most common cause of infantile wheezing, as well as one of the major inducents of acute exacebarbations of chronic childhood asthma. Recent studies focus on the mechanism of virus-induced airway inflammatory response which is still not completely clear. Many new pathophysiologic mechanisms such as epigenetics are advanced to explain the association between viral respiratory infections and asthma attack. In the present reports, recent data on the role of early-life viral infections in the development and progression of childhood asthma are reviewed.

Population pharmacokinetics(PPK),which is based on the principle of statistics,can be used to estimate various inter- and intra-individual factors which affect pharmacokinetics.By using Bayesian estimator,PPK can predict individual pharmacokinetic parameters accurately.PPK is widely used in the immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine,tacrolimus,mycophenolic acid and sirolimus.