Treatment and the clinical outcome of patients with head and neck cancer are determined by accurate staging and assessment of the cervical lymph nodes for metastases is an important step of this process. Ultrasonography, ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA), CT, MRI and PET/CT are used in the assessment of cervical lymph nodes. Ultrasonography guided FNA is advantageous in ease of application, minimumal invasiveness to patients, and less contraindications. Combined with cell block and molecular biology, FNA can be an effective tool for the diagnosis. The present article reviewed the diagnostic value of ultrasonography guided FNA in cervical lymph node assessment in patients with head and neck cancer.

Objective　To establish the normal growth velocity of fetal liver length and compare them with those of intrauterine growth retardation, pregnant diabetes and maternal-fetal blood types imcopatible. Method　Three hundred and five normal pregnant women and 24, 10, 16 pathological pregnant women of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), gestational diabetes and maternal-fetal blood types incompatible respectively had ultrasonographic measurement of fetal liver length at 18 to 42 weeks′ gestation. Results　Normal fetal liver length has a linear relation to gestational age, and showed a significantly rapid increase after 28th week with a growth rate of 1.76 mm per week, and 1.00 mm per week before 28th week (P<0.05). The growth rate of IUGR group before and after therapy were 1.19 mm and 1.23 mm per week, significantly lower than those of normal group (P<0.05). The growth rate of pregnant diabetes group before and after therapy were 1.63 mm and 1.63 mm per week, no statistical significance with normal group (P>0.05). The growth rate of maternal-fetal blood types incompatible group before therapy was 1.98 mm, showed no difference with normal group (P>0.05), but after therapy, the growth rate of fetal liver was 1.38 mm per week, significantly lower than normal group (P<0.05). Conclusion　Dynamic measurement of fetal liver length can help us to understand whether the fetus grow well in uterus and whether the treatments are effective.

Objective To investigate the value of transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps. Methods One hundred and ten patients diagnosed as endometrial polyps by transvaginal ultrasound and undergone operative hysteroscopy and histologic examination, were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among 110 cases 75 cases (68.2%) were accurately diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound,while 35 cases (31.8%) were misdiagnosed.The diseases misdiagnosed included endometrium hyperplasia,intrauterine adhesions and submucousmyoma.Conclusions Combining clinical symptoms with ultrasonogram characters and optimal time of detection can reduce the misdiagnostic rate of endometrial polyps.

Objective To evaluate the value of color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) in the diagonosis of placental site trophoblastic tumor(PSTT). Methods After being examined by transvaginal CDFI, four of six patients underwent curettage and two of them had hysterectomy and attached by chemical treatment. All the patients were verified to have a PSTT by pathology. Results The image of PSTT in CDFI included different size at different site, low resistence index (RI) of vessel around the lesion, and absence of vessel in the lesion. Conclusions The characteristic image in CDFI is helpful to the diagnosis of PSTT.

Objective To open the reset common bone and open ordinary osteosynthesis(MIPPO)(in effect in the treatment of high energy tibial fracture.Methods High energy tibial fracture in 42 cases of patients,according to the condition of the patient and the treatment were divided into two groups,using open reduction and bone treatment (open group,22 cases),treated with MIPPO technique(MIPPO group,20 cases).The indicators of operation,postop-erative complications and clinical efficacy of the two groups were observed.Results The operation time,intraopera-tive bleeding volume,fracture healing time of the MIPPO group were (75.2 ±9.7)min,(107.3 ±11.3)mL,(13.1 ± 3)weeks,which of the open group were (73.4 ±10)min,(208.5 ±16.3)mL,(18.2 ±4.7)weeks,the two groups had no statistically significant differences in operative time(P >0.05),two groups of blood loss,fracture healing time, the differences were statistically significant(t =23.153,4.143,all P <0.05);the complication rate in the MIPPO group was 10.0%,tibial shaft fracture healing function excellent rate was 95.0%.The complication rate of the open groupwas healing function excellent rate was 72.7%,36.4% tibial shaft fracture,there were significant differences between the two groups(χ2 =12.316,22.964,all P <0.01).Conclusion MIPPO technology in the treatment of high energy tibial shaft fractures,with less bleeding,fracture healing fast,and the characteristics of a significant effect, which is worth promoting.

Objective To observe the effect of Yiqi Huaxian Decoction (YHD) on transforming growth factor ?1(TGF-?1 )mRNA expression in rats alveolar macrophages (AM) and pulmonary interstitial macrophages (IM).Methods Ninety-six Wistar rats were randomized into sham-operation group,model group,YHD (4 g?kg-1?d-1) group,and hydrocortisone (20 mg?kg-1?d-1) group.Bleomycin A5 was injected into the rats' trachea to induce pulmonary fibrosis.AM and IM were isolated for the culturing after modeling for 7 and 28 days.Molecular in-situ hybridization (ISH) was used for the detection of TGF-?1 expression in AM and IM.Results Percentage of cells in AM and IM with TGF-?1 positive expression and the score of optic density were increased in the model group (P

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by a variety of causes resulting in rapid decline in renal function and manifestingclinical syndrome, whether mild or severe kidney damage it caused, the permanent loss of renal function will exist; the mortality of patients with septic AKI is as high as over 70%. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) can significantly improve the clinical prognosis of patients with AKI and reduce its mortality. However, the selections of RRT treatment mode, dose and timing of start or stop exist a lot of controversies. In this report, as using RRT to treat critically ill patients with AKI is still a hot topic in academic research, the related literatures of RRT guidelines, score evaluation, renal function indexes and biological marker aspects were reviewed and summarized.

Objective　To assess fetal cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular function in fetuses of diabetic mothers. Methods　Study group was consist of 23 fetuses of diabetic pregnancies. Control group was consist of 108 fetuses of normal pregnancies. Cardiac size was measured by ultrasound as inter-ventricular septal (IVS) thickness and ventricular diastolic and systolic (VD and VS) dimensions and perimeter. Cardiac function was expressed as ventricular shortening fraction 1 (VSF1) (ventricular diastolic perimeter -ventricular systolic perimeter/ventricular diastolic perimeter)and ventricular shortening fraction 2 (VSF2) (ventricular diastolic dimension-Ventricular systolic dimension/ventricular diastolic dimension).Fetal birth weight was recorded. Results　 IVS of study group （6.1±0.7） mm, which was significantly thicker than IVS of control group （4.4±0.7） mm. Left ventricular diastolic dimension (LVDD) and Left ventricular systolic dimension (LVSD) of study group were （3.3±0.8）cm2 and （2.2±0.6） cm2, which were greater than those of control group （2.6±0.6） cm2 and （2.0±0.5） cm2. Right ventricular diastolic dimension (RVDD) and Right ventricular systolic dimension (RVSD) of study group were （3.9±0.7） cm2　and （2.6±0.7） cm2, which were also greater than those of control group （3.5±0.5） cm2 and （2.4±0.7） cm2. Left ventricular shortening fraction 1 of left ventricular (LVSF1) of study group was 0.20±0.07, which was greater than that of control group （0.12±0.04）. LVSF2 of study group was 0.35±0.11，which was greater than that of control group too （0.23±0.10）. Right ventricular shortening fraction 1 of left ventricular (RVSF1) of study group was 0.19±0.05，which was greater than that of control group （0.13±0.11）. RVSF2 of study group was 0.33±0.09，which was greater than that of control group （0.23±0.14）. Estimated fetal birth weight of study group was （4 076±608） g, which was greater than that of control group （3 440±377） g. Conclusion　These findings showed that fetal hyperinsulinemia result in fetal weight increasing, global cardiac enlarger inter-ventricular septal thickness larger and revealed hypercontractillty of ventricle in fetuses of diabetas mothers.

Objective To evaluate the value of endometrial volume measurement and 3-dimensional power Doppler imaging(3D-PDI) in the differentiation between endometrial polyps and endometrial hyperplasia.Methods One hundred and fifty-six women who diagnosed as thick and inhomogeneous endometrium or hyperechogenic focal intrauterine structures by 2D ultrasound were enrolled,including 50 patients with endometrial polyps in the proliferative phase,51 cases with hyperplasia and 55 cases with normal histology or others.All were scheduled for hysteroscopy,dilatation and curettage,and the ultrasound was performed within 24 hours before the procedure. Endometrial volume, vascularity index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularity flow index (VFI) were measured. These parameters were compared between endometrial polyps group and endometrial hyperplasia group.Results These parameters (endometrial volume,VI,FI and VFI) were all considered statistically significant between two groups.Conclusions Endometrial volume and 3D-PDI are good diagnostic tools in the differentiation between endometrial polyps and endometrial hyperplasia.

Objective To study ultrasound features of breast cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy,and its correlation with histopathology. Methods One hundred and nine patients with breast cancer underwent paclitaxel plus carboplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the change of the primary lesions and axillary lymph nodes were studied by ultrasound,and compared with histopathology. Results Seventeen patients achieved complete remission under ultrasound, the rest measurable lesions became significantly shortened in maximum diameter [ ( 22.46 ± 11.50) mm vs (34. 71 ± 13.67) mm, P ＜ 0. 001 ], and showed decrease both in longitudinal-transverse ratio (0. 80 ± 0. 23 vs 0. 86 ± 0. 22, P ＞0. 05) and grades of blood flow (0. 51 ± 0.80 vs 1.23± 1.05, P ＜0. 001 ). 44. 83% (44/92) of metastatic axillary lymph nodes disapeared after treatment. Comparing with histopathology, the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound assessing complete remission were 57. 89 % ( 11 / 19) and 93.33 % (84/90), respectively. The moderate concord between ultrasound with histopathology might be attributed to the pathologic change of breast tissue and stroma after treatment, nevertheless grades of blood flow might be more meaningful. Conclusions Ultrasound assessment of neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic response might be of reference value,and studying corresponding ultrasonic manifestation of different kinds of pathological changes would help with better evaluation.