Autophagy and apoptosis are two kinds of important ways of neuronal death in cerebral ischemia.The interaction of both in ischemic penumbra may alleviate or aggravate cerebral ischemic injury.This article reviews the role of autophagy and apoptosis in cerebral ischemia and their potential regulating mechanisms of interaction.

Objective To study the effect of transmembrane tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TM-TNF-αt) on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells,and explore the correlations with silencer of death domain (SODD).Methods The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunocytochemistry.The expression of SODD in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells undisposed and after disposed with TM-TNF-α was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and the influence of TM-TNF-α on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells was analyzed.Results The positive rate of PCNA in undisposed human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells was 80.3％ (155/193),in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells disposed with TM-TNF-α was 46.7％ (85/182),there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).The cycle index of polymerase chain reaction in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells was 28 times,the amplification product was disposed by 2％ agarose gel electrophoresis,the gray scale disposed by TM-TNF-α and undisposed human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells were 1.377 ± 0.170 and 0.815 ± 0.040,there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TM-TNF-α has obvious cytotoxic effect on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells in vitro which may due to its up-regulating the expression of SODD.

Objectives To study the correlation between social emotion and temperament in infants and toddlers. Me-thods The Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) and Toddler Temperament Questionnaire (TTQ) were used to evaluate the social emotional problems and temperament of 657 infants and toddlers 1 to 3 years old. Results The temperament dimensions were correlated with behavior and competence factors. The infants and toddlers in dififcult type group had more behavior problems or deifcits/delays in competence than those in easy type group (χ2=26.49, 10.48, P<0.01). Conclu-sions Infants and toddlers with negative temperament traits have more behavior problems and weaker social emotional compe-tences. The temperament should be considered in dealing with emotional problems.

BACKGROUND:Overtraining is a series of functional disorder or pathological state induced by continuous fatigue accumulation because exercise load and body function are incommensurate to each other. At present, commonly used methods for establishing rat models of overtraining included treadmil , swimming and climbing rod, but treadmil is comparatively accepted in the world.
OBJECTIVE:To establish the standard of overtraining rat model and to implement objective of model establishment by dynamical y monitoring biochemical indexes and observing behavioral changes.
METHODS:A total of 16 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to model and blank control groups. The model group received movement training according to the plan. After adaptable feeding, training was performed, 6 days every week, with a rest of 1 day. Increasing intensity on treadmil was used. From the first week of training, the speed, gradient and running time were gradual y increased. However, the blank control group was conventional y fed, without any training.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Behavior changes of the training rats were arisen after five weeks. Serum creatine kinase levels increased continuously in training process, and higher than basic levels at 5 weeks (P<0.01). Serum urea nitrogen levels persistently increased, and higher than basic levels at 3 weeks (P<0.05). Hemoglobin and serum testosterone levels increased and then decreased, and significantly lower than basic levels at 8 weeks (P<0.05). Behavioral y, overtraining appeared. Simultaneously, hemoglobin and serum testosterone levels were significantly lower than basic levels. Serum creatine kinase and serum urea nitrogen levels were significantly higher than basic levels. These results indicated that the body was in overtraining state. The standard of overtraining rat model was established in this study. The overtraining rat model was established according to the training program when the training was lasted for 8 weeks, the training speed was 30 m/min;every training time was 110 minutes, and the gradient was 15°.

China ; Chronic Periodontitis ; microbiology ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; Genotype ; Humans ; Periodontal Diseases ; surgery ; Periodontics ; trends ; Periodontitis ; genetics ; immunology ; surgery ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; isolation & purification

The occurrence of nanoparticle carriers has greatly changed the traditional remedies of gastric cancer and other malignant tumors which makes the chemotherapeutic drugs possess better distribution, better targeting, less side-effects, and the ability to withstand the drug-resistance of tumor cells. Utilization of nanoparticle carriers in lymph-targeted chemotherapy of gastric cancer can not only achieve a better curative effect,but also direct the operation and improve patients' quality of lives. It has an expansive application foreground.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of different doses of budesonide mixed suspension atomization inhalation in children with post infectious cough,and provide reference for the rational use of budesonide.Methods One hundred and twenty children with post infectious cough aged 2-14 years old were selected and divided into three groups by random digits table method (40 cases in each group).Control group was treated with 4 mg once montelukast sodium chewable tablets for 2-5 years old children,or 5 mg once for 6-14 years old children.Low-dose group was treated 2 times/d with a dose of 0.5 mg budesonide mixed suspension diluted in normal saline to 4 ml based on control group and high-dose group was treated 2 times/d with a dose of 1.0 mg budesonide mixed suspension diluted in normal saline to 4 ml based on control group.The outcome of curative effects were recorded and analyzed after 7 days of treatment.Results The total efficacy rate was 70.0％(28/40),52.5％(21/40),35.0％(14/40) in high-dose group,low-dose group and control group after 3 days of treatment,and there was significant difference between high-dose group and control group (P＜ 0.01).The total efficacy rate was 92.5％(37/40),90.0％(36/40),72.5％ (29/40) in high-dose group,low-dose group and control group after 7 days of treatment,and there was no significant difference(P ＞ 0.025).Few adverse events associated with inhaled corticosteroids,such as thrush,sore throat,hoarseness were observed in three groups.Conclusions Budesonide mixed suspension atomization inhalation alleviates symptom of post infectious cough significantly with no obvious side effects,even in high-dose group which has a more outstanding efficacy.Therefore,this therapy is valuable in clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 4 μg/mL vancomycin screening plate (4VA)for vancomycin-non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.Methods The diagnosis trials on 4VA for vancomycin-non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus were searched in the databases such as PubMed(1 966 to Aug.2013),The Cochrane Library(the second phase of 2013),ISI Web of Knowledge(1 980 to Aug.2013),CNKI (1 964 to Aug.2013),VIP (1 989 to Aug.2013)and Wanfang(1 998 to Aug.2013),mean-while the manual.Two reviewers evaluated the quality of the included trials according to the quality assessment of diagnostic accu-racy studies,and then meta-analysis was performed using Meta-Disc 1.4 software.Results A total of 3 trials involving 974 partici-pants were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that the weighted sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio,were 0.805 [95%CI (0.047 to 0.563)],0.921 [95%CI (0.901 to 0.938)],10.804 [95%CI (5.5 1 1 to 21.181)],0.1 62 [95%CI (0.71 to 1.0)]and 69.721 [95%CI (1 1.740 to 414.06)]respectively.Conclusion 4VA for vancomycin-non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus has a very high specificity and sensitivity,so 4VA could be used to creening plate (4VA)for vancomycin-non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in clinic.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin calcium combined with metoprolol in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS:207 CHF patients were randomly divided into control group (102 cases) and observation group (105 cases). Control group received cardiac,diuretic,vasodilating and oxygen inhalation,Metoprolol tar-trate tablet with initial dose of 6.25 mg,2-3 times a day,then increased 6.25-12.5 mg based on the improvement,2-3 times a day. Observation group additionally received 80 mg Atorvastatin tablet,twice a day. The treatment course for both groups was 16 w. Clinical efficacy,cardiac functions [left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVESD),mi-tral early diastolic and late diastolic peak flow velocity ratio(E/A)],blood lipids [lipoprotein(a)Lp(a),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC)] levels before and after treatment,and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in cardiac functions and blood lipids in 2 groups(P>0.05). Af-ter treatment,the LVEF and E/A in 2 groups were significantly higher than before,and observation group was higher than control group,LVESD,Lp(a),TG and TC were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on conventional treatment,the efficacy of atorvastatin calcium combined with metoprolol is su-perior to metoprolol in the treatment of CHF,with better safety.

Objective:To study the metabolism of high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) and apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ( ApoA-Ⅰ) in different thyroid function status during pregnancy. Methods:This study re-cruited thirty cases of euthyroid, with nineteen cases of subclinical hypothyroid and eight cases of subclini-cal hyperthyroid pregnancy. The concentrations of fasting serum HDL-C and ApoA-Ⅰwere detected and ana-lyzed from 9-12, 14-17, 23-26, and 37-40 gestational weeks. Friedman repeated measures ANOVA on ranks was adopted to analyze the changes of serum HDL-C and ApoA-Ⅰat different stages. General line-ar model ( GLM) was adopted to analyze the differences of serum HDL-C and ApoA-Ⅰin different thyroid function status during pregnancy. Results:There were no significant differences of maternal serum HDL-C among different stages (χ2 =5. 428,P=0. 143,χ2 =2. 027,P=0. 567,χ2 =2. 885,P=0. 410). There were significant differences of serum ApoA-Ⅰduring euthyroid and subclinical hypothyroid pregnancies (χ2 =46. 343, P<0. 001,χ2 =35. 984, P<0. 001), and no significant difference during subclinical hyperthy-roid pregnancy (χ2 =6. 750, P=0. 080). There were significant differences of serum HDL-C and ApoA-Ⅰbetween euthyroid and subclinical hyperthyroid pregnancies (P=0. 025,P=0. 027), and no significant differences between euthyroid and subclinical hypothyroid pregnancies (P=0. 378,P=0. 549). Conclu-sion:Subclinical hyperthyroidism affected the metabolism of maternal serum HDL-C and ApoA-Ⅰ, which could affect the fetal growth and development. Subclinical hypothyroidism ( after treatment with drugs) had no obvious effect on the metabolism of maternal serum HDL-C and ApoA-Ⅰ.