A retrospective study on the cytological diagnosis of 341 patients with the primary cancer in the head and neck among 825 patients with cancer through 7015 of cytological tests in HuÕ central hospital during 1995-2000 has shown that the cancer in ear, eye, sinus (6.81%). The male patients accounted for 66.67%. The disease was increasingly as increase of age.
Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Cytological Techniques

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate a newly-developed EASYPREP liquid-based cytology method in cervicovaginal specimens and compare it with SurePath. METHODS: Cervicovaginal specimens were prospectively collected from 1,000 patients with EASYPREP and SurePath. The specimens were first collected by brushing for SurePath and second for EASYPREP. The specimens of both methods were diagnosed according to the Bethesda System. Additionally, we performed to REBA HPV-ID genotyping and sequencing analysis for human papillomavirus (HPV) on 249 specimens. RESULTS: EASYPREP and SurePath showed even distribution of cells and were equal in cellularity and staining quality. The diagnostic agreement between the two methods was 96.5%. Based on the standard of SurePath, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of EASYPREP were 90.7%, 99.2%, 94.8%, and 98.5%, respectively. The positivity of REBA HPV-ID was 49.4% and 95.1% in normal and abnormal cytological samples, respectively. The result of REBA HPV-ID had high concordance with sequencing analysis. CONCLUSIONS: EASYPREP provided comparable results to SurePath in the diagnosis and staining quality of cytology examinations and in HPV testing with REBA HPV-ID. EASYPREP could be another LBC method choice for the cervicovaginal specimens. Additionally, REBA HPV-ID may be a useful method for HPV genotyping.
Cytological Techniques ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vaginal Smears

Metabolomics is emerging as a powerful tool for studying metabolic processes, identifying crucial biomarkers responsible for metabolic characteristics and revealing metabolic mechanisms, which construct the content of discovery metabolomics. The crucial biomarkers can be used to reprogram a metabolome, leading to an aimed metabolic strategy to cope with alteration of internal and external environments, naming reprogramming metabolomics here. The striking feature on the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components among vastly different species makes the reprogramming metabolomics possible when the engineered metabolites play biological roles in cellular activity as a substrate of enzymes and a regulator to other molecules including proteins. The reprogramming metabolomics approach can be used to clarify metabolic mechanisms of responding to changed internal and external environmental factors and to establish a framework to develop targeted tools for dealing with the changes such as controlling and/or preventing infection with pathogens and enhancing host immunity against pathogens. This review introduces the current state and trends of discovery metabolomics and reprogramming metabolomics and highlights the importance of reprogramming metabolomics.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Cytological Techniques ; Humans ; Metabolomics ; methods

A method combinating piezoelectric-biochip technique with cell culture technique in vitro has been developed. Piezoelectric cell-based chip (PCC) can continously monitor the behaviors of living cells attached to or spreaded on surfaces. The method measures the resonant frequency (f), the dissipation energy (D) and impedance (Z), in real time. These multi parameters can inflect information of cells qualitively and quantitively. This paper covers principle, materials and methods, results and discussion of the new technique, simultaniously indicates its application and trends.
Cytological Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; In Vitro Techniques ; Time Factors

We report a 12-day-old infant who presented with ambiguous genitalia, short stature, low-set ears, stubby nose, patent ductus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect. He was confirmed to have a ring chromosome 10 by cytogenetic analysis. Review of the literature showed that our patient shared common clinical manifestations with previously described cases.
Infant Newborn ; DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT ; UROGENITAL ABNORMALITIES ; CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS ; DIAGNOSIS ; DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES ; CLINICAL LABORATORY TECHNIQUES ; CYTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES

Tissue engineering can serve as an alternative treatment for a malfunctioning or lost organ. Isolated and expanded cells adhere to a temporary scaffold, proliferate, and secrete their own extracellular matrices (ECM) replacing the biodegrading scaffold. The genitourinary system, composed of the kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra, and genital organs, is exposed to a variety of possible injury sites from the time of fetal development. All the urinary organs are mainly composed of smooth muscle and uroepithelial cells and which may be approached by tissue engineering techniques. A large number of materials, including naturally-derived and synthetic polymers have been utilized to fabricate prostheses for the genitourinary system. Usually, whenever there is a lack of native urologic tissue, reconstruction is considered with native non-urologic tissue, such as, gastrointestinal segments, or skin or mucosa from multiple body sites. Engineering tissues using selective cell transplantation may provide a means to create functional new genitourinary tissues. This review concerns urinary tissues reconstructed with bladder uroepithelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) implanted on biodegradable polymer matrices.
Animal ; Biomedical Engineering*/methods ; Bioreactors ; Cytological Techniques/trends ; Human ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Urinary Tract*

Carcinoma ; Cytological Techniques ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Oncogenes

This paper describes the state and the development of the application of the modern and traditional image segmentation technology in cell slice image segmentation. It includes edge detection, regional segmentation, wavelet transform, fuzzy mathematics, artificial neural networks, morphological image segmentation and so on. At last, the paper summaries that it is difficult to generally segmentate any kind of biological cell slice image automatically because of the complex structure of cell and cell slice image is not even gray distributed. It should be pointed out that general automatic cell slice image segmentation will be achieved only if visual mathematics model corresponding to mammalian vision systems is setup entirely.
Algorithms ; Cytological Techniques ; Fuzzy Logic ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Neural Networks (Computer)

Digital image processing is widely used in medical image. Segmentation is one of the important step in computer image processing. The essay introduces the procedure and effect of cell image segmentation by watershed algorithm.
Algorithms ; Cytological Techniques ; methods ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods

Conjunctival goblet cells are thought to be the main source of tear mucin, and it is believed that this mucin plays an important role on increasing the tear film stability and the wettability of the ocular surface. The measurement of the conjunctival goblet cell density is useful for the differential diagnosis among the various ocular surface diseases, and for the evaluation of the efficacy of the treatment. This method can be checked simply and rapidly, but the normal conjunctival goblet cell density in Korean has not been reported. We examined the goblet cell density in the 68 eyes (57 patients) of normal subjects using an impression cytological technique on the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva. The results were as follows: 1. Normal goblet cell density was 1316.9 +/- 491.7 cells/mm2 in the inferior palpebral conjunctiva, 57.9 +/- 67.9 cells/mm2 in the superor bulbar conjunctiva. 2. There was no significant difference in goblet cell density according to sex and age ( p>0.05, t-test). 3. The goblet cell density was increased as a rise of break-up time(BUT), but was not correlated with BUT(r=0.24, 0.05). Also there was no correlation between the goblet cell density and Schirmer test value (r=-0.10, 0.09), (r=regression coefficient). It is suggested that the above findings would aid in the diagnosis of the dry eye syndrome and allow differential diagnosis among the various ocular surface diseases.
Conjunctiva ; Cytological Techniques ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; Goblet Cells* ; Mucins ; Tears ; Wettability