In recent years, the study of orthodontics was achieved more attentions in stomatology. The extraction or non-extraction orthodontic treatment were summarized. Extraction of premolars orthodontic treatment can improve the third molar inclination. This might be useful in clinical application.

Depression is a common complication after stroke.It is often associated with disability and increased mortality.This article reviews the pathophysiology mechanisms of poststroke depression.

Objective Patients with previous failed scoliosis surgery were managed by revision surgery,the reasons, methods and results of revision surgery were evaluated and analyzed. Methods Thir-ty-six patients with previous failed scoliosis surgery underwent revision surgery between June 1996 and Au-gust 2002. There were 15 males and 21 females with an average age of 16.8 years. The patients had 1.57 operations on average (1 for 27 cases, 2 for 8 cases and 3 for 1 case). The reasons for revision surgery were failure of previous instrumentation (6 cases), deterioration of the deformity (18 cases), and unsatisfactory re-sults with previous surgery (12 cases). Thorough radiographic evaluations including plain X-ray, CT scan and MRI were taken for each patient pre-operatively. The preoperative average Cobb angle for scoliosis was 76.2?(52?-108?)?Of 36 patients, there were 11 with kyphosis and the preoperative average Cobb angle was 53?(36?-79?). The involved spines in the deformity were 10.1 on average (8-13 levels). The surgical proce-dures included removal of previous instrumentation in 21 cases, staged trans-thoracic anterior release in 5 cases with rigid curve, and osteotomy passing through articular joints and laminae on previous fusion mass in 18 cases. All patients underwent trans-pedicular fixation and fusion as well. The clinical and radiographic results were evaluated post-operatively. Results All patients underwent surgery safely. The average opera-tive time was 3.8 hours (2.8-5.1 h) and the average blood loss was 817 ml(630-1 800 ml). There were no serious complications such as neurological injury. The average correction was 48? (22?-64?, 56%) for scolio-sis, and 47? (17?-52?, 72%) for kyphosis respectively. All patients were followed up at least 12 months (12-76 months). There was no loss of correction found during follow up and all patients achieved solid fu-sion. At the last follow up, 33 patients (91.7%) were satisfied with the results of revision surgery. Conclusion Revision surgery for failed scoliosis surgery is challenging because of technical difficulties for the procedure and higher risk for neurological injury. Extreme caution must be taken for each patient during pre-operative examination and evaluation. If appropriate surgical procedure including staged anterior re-lease, posterior osteotomy and trans-pedicular fixation is properly selected according individual deformity, the satisfactory results can be achieved.

Analysis of patient satisfaction , as the supplement and improvement of the traditional medical quality assessment , has great significance for improving the quality of medical services , reducing the medical disputes and building a harmonious doctor -patient relationship .Based on the connotation of patient satisfaction , the patient satisfaction theory at home and abroad were introduced , providing a guide meaning for establishing a rational evalua-tion system and scientifically managing hospital service .

The health workforce plays an important role in the development of township hospitals. It builds up the comprehensive evaluation index system as the first time, based on data of township hospitals from 29 provinces, to evaluate the allocation of the health workforce in primary medical institutions in rural China. The empirical results show that the core workforce allocation of Chinese township hospitals has largely focused on the local health status, which shows good fairness of allocation. Meanwhile, the equity level of the core workforce allocation is not far behind the overall fairness level, and both are slightly higher than the critical value. The core workforce allocation is in good consistency with the local level of economic development.

Objective: During the five years period from 2006 to 2010, the Chinese government had increased the special funding for primary maternal and child health enterprise to analyze the total amount and constitution of the special funding respectively. Methods: From the perspective of special funding investment in the eastern, central and western regions with different levels of economic development, to perform the comparative analysis. Results and Conclusion:The government’s overall investment on maternal and child special funds is in increasing trend, the average per capita amount of special funds invested in west region is higher than the eastern and central region; in the aspect of investment constitution , the central government special funds for women and children is the main source, which accounts for more than 85% of total investment, the reducing and eliminating items in eastern and western regions and the inpatient childbirth subsidy items constitute the major component of special funding for primary maternal and child health in corresponding region. Based on the analysis of investment on the condition of primary maternal and child health , policy recommendations for further development of the cause of women and children are provided.

Objective To introduce a new flap of cutaneous branches of posterior tibial artery on the part of superior medial malleolus to repair soft tissues defect on the feet and the ankles Methods From October 1997 to December 2001,a flap with the pedicle called cutaneous branches of posterior tibial artery on the part of superior medial malleolus were used to repair 11 cases which suffered skin and soft tissue defect on the feet and the ankles due to various trauma Results The flaps were survived completely on 10 cases and the flaps distal had about 2 cm necrosis on 1 case,the size of the flap ranged from 28 cn?11 cm to 8 cm?6 cm,all of the 11 cases were evaluated as satisfactory after 6 months to 2 years follow-up Conclusions The new procedure can repair mostly soft tissue defect on the foot and the ankle and does not sacrifice the major arteries. The flap is easy to be performed,and it is an safety and ideal method.

[Objective]To investigate the correlation of sagittal parameters in L5~S1 isthmic spondylolisthesis and its clinical manifestation.[Method]Seventy-six patients with L5~S1 isthmic spondylolisthesis were treated between January 2000 and December 2005,there were 32 males and 44 females with the age between 12 and 68 years.The lateral standing radiographs of the spine and pelvis were analyzed retrospectively.Radiographic parameters measured including pelvic incidence(PI),sacral slope(SS),lumbar lordosis(LL),lumbosacral angle(LSA)and grade of spondylolisthesis.All measurements were done by the same individual and compared to those of a cohort of 30 normal subjects.Students test was used to compare the parameters between the curve types and Pearsons correlation coefficients were used to investigate the association between all parameters(P

Objective To study and find the reason and treatment way of severe encephalocele after operation on the brain. Me thods 15 cases who have severe encephalocele were reviewed retrospec tively.Results Among 15 cases, 12 cases have been cured,3 c ases died with severe pulmonary infection.Conclusion The re asons of severe encephalocele are hydrocephalus?cerebral edema and intracranial infection and it is useful to utilize medicine and other ways to lighten hydroc ephalus?cerebral edema and intracranial infection for the patients who have sev ere encephalocele.

The purpose of this study was to understand the long term changes in clinical picture and the markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in patients with hepatitis B, and to provide an objective evalution and a beneficial countermeasure. Altogether 182 patients with hepatitis B diagonsed by histopathological assay had been followed up for 1 to 15 years.The serum samples were collected and tested for liver fonction, markers of HBV and HBV DNA level once every year. The results showed that of the 182 patients, 14 died, 15 developed liver cirrhosis, and 6 developed liver cancer. HBsAg and HBeAg seroconversion happened in 13 6% and 87 9% of the patients, respectively. The percentage of positive HBsAg in patients older than 60 decreased at a great rate. Our conclusion in the markers of HBV in patients with chronic hepatitis B could dissapear automatically or, on the contrary could hardly dissapear, resulting persistentce of liver damage. The patients with liver cirrhosis could live for a iong time if they took good care of their health properly.