Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of skin-region drainage therapy combined with Sanpian Decoction in treating migraine.Methods A total of 90 cases of migraine patients were randomly divided into combination group and acupuncture group,45 cases in each group.The combination group was treated with skinregion drainage therapy combined with oral use of Sanpian Decoction,and the acupuncture group was treated with conventional acupuncture therapy.Seven days constituted one treatment course,and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated after 3 courses of treatment.Results (1) The total effective rate of the combination group and acupuncture group was 95.6％ and 82.2％ respectively,and there were significant differences between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).(2) After treatment and 3 months after treatment suspension,the pain scores of the two groups were significantly decreased(P ＜ 0.01 compared with those before treatment),and the pain scores of the combination group were lower than those of the acupuncture group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The skin-region drainage therapy combined with Sanpian Decoction exerts certain effect in treating migraine.

Laccase is one of the most important oxidoreductase with industrialization potential. However, due to the high cost and catalytic toxicity of laccase synthetic mediator, the laccase-mediator-system still cannot achieve industrialization. Therefore, searching for high efficient, environment-friendly, and cheap natural mediator from small molecule precursors or intermediates and degradation products of lignin has been considered as a hot research topic. Therefore, we introduce the type and catalytic mechanism of laccase mediator, the composition and separation of natural laccase mediator from water washed solution of steam exploded straw, black liquor and lignocelluloses degradation products during the fermentation of white-rot fungi. We also provide the theoretical and technical direction for exploring of high reactive of laccase natural mediators and achieving the oriented high-value utilization of lignocellulose degradation products.
Basidiomycota ; Fermentation ; Laccase ; chemistry ; Lignin ; chemistry ; Steam

Biomass is the most abundant organic macromolecules in nature, which is expected to achieve the brilliant of biorefinery equivalent to petroleum refining. However, it is considered as the future industry to human due to the complicated composition and transformation processes. The traditional lignocellulose bio-refining thoughts ignored the functional requirements of products, but spent a lot of energies to destruct macromolecule into small molecules, and then converted the small molecules into different products, which was high energy consumption and low atom economy. How to realize the biorefinery of lignocellulose is the key point and difficulty to achieve the biomass industry. An ideal biorefinery of lignocellulose should as far as possibly to obtain the maximum yield of each component, to maintain the integrity of the molecule, to optimize the utilization of raw materials and finally to realize the maximum value. Therefore, it requires the raw materials refining of lignocellosic biomass should be based on the relationship of structure, process transformation and related product characteristics. This special issue reports the latest advances in the fields of raw material refinery, refining technologies, conversion technologies of component.
Biomass ; Biotransformation ; Lignin ; chemistry

Objective To observe the effects of auditory integration training on language development delay in mental retardation children.Methods 40 cases were devided into observation group (n=20) and control group (n=20). All the children accepted speech training,while the observation group accepted auditory integration training in addition. They were assessed with the development quotient (DQ) of adaptability and language of Gesell developmental schedules before and 6 months after treatment. Results DQ of adaptability and language improved after treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and improved more in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Auditory integration training may further improve the language development in mental retardation children.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regulating pattern of kidney-tonifying recipes and spleen-invigorating recipe on the expression of T lymphocyte apoptosis signaling-related genes in corticosterone-treated rats. METHODS: We analyzed the activation-induced T lymphocyte apoptpsis rate through TUNEL-labelled flow-cytometry assay, quantified the mRNA expression level of T cell apoptosis-regulating genes by using the fluoresecence real-time PCR, analyzed the activity of caspase-8 and caspase-3 by colorimetric assay. RESULTS: (1) T lymphocyte apoptosis rate of corticosterone-treated rats was higher than that of the normal control rats; T lymphocyte apoptosis rates of Youguiyin treated rats and Bushen Yishou Capsule treated rats were lower than that of the corticosterone-treated group; T lymphocyte apoptosis rate of Sijunzi Decoction treated rats displayed no significance compared with that of the corticosterone-treated group. (2) Pro-apoptotic genes such as Fas, FasL, TNFR1, and Bax displayed increased expression level in corticosterone-treated group compared with normal control group. Two kidney-tonifying recipes down-regruated the expression level of FasL and TNFR1, at the same time, both recipes up-regulated the expression level of Bcl-2. The spleen-invigorating recipe had up-regulating effect on the expression level of Bcl-2. And all these results had statistical significance. (3) The activities of caspase-8 and caspase-3 were increased in corticosterone-treated rats compared with normal control; both kidney-tonifying recipes had significant effect on decreasing the activities of these two apoptosis executioners. CONCLUSION: The excessive apoptosis of T cell in corticosterone-treated rats could be effectively modulated with two kidney-tonifying recipes. Down-regulating the expression of FasL and TNFR1 and up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 as well as decreasing the activities of caspase-8 and caspase-3 may be the unique regulating pattern of tonifying-kidney method with respect to T cell apoptosis related genes in corticosterone-treated rats.

ObjiectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicineShuxin-Huoxue decoction on coronary heart disease and angina pectoris.MethodsThis study was a randomized controlled trial. 86 patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris and conformed to the indusive criteria were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group, with 43 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine, the treatment group was treated with traditional Chinese medicineShuxin-Huoxue decoction. Serum homocysteine (Hcy) was measured by enzymatic cycling assay, high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) was measured by immunotubidimetric assay and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI) were measured by color doppler echocardiography before and after treatment. The clinical effect of the two groups was evaluated.ResultsThe total effective rate of the treatment group and the control group was 90.7% (39/43) and 74.4% (32/43) respectively,there was significant difference (χ2=3.957,P=0.047). Followed up for 4 weeks, LVEF(65.7% ± 8.7% vs. 61.5% ± 8.4%,t=2.277), SV(86.9 ± 16.8 ml vs.79.2 ± 16.5 ml,t=2.144), CO(49.3 ± 9.1 ml/m2 vs. 44.7 ± 8.8 ml/m2,t=2.383), CI (3.7 ± 0.9 L/min?m2 vs. 3.3 ± 0.7 L/min?m2,t=2.301) of the treatment group were significantly improved after treatment than those of the control group (P<0.05), and the decrease of serum Hcy  (8.7± 3.7mmol/L vs. 11.4± 3.5mmol/L,t=3.476), hs-CRP (2.7± 1.1 mg/L vs. 3.5± 1.3 mg/L,t=3.081) level of the treatment group were better than those of the control group(P<0.01).ConclusionTraditional Chinese medicineShuxin-Huoxue decoction has good therapeutic effect on coronary heart disease and angina pectoris.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of thermo-chemotherapy and thermo-lipiodol embolization intreatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC).Methods One hundred and sixteen cases of PHC were divided into three groups.Group A(38 cases)was treated with normal temperature chemotherapy and normal temperature lipiodol,Group B(40 cases)with thermo-chemotherapy and normal temperature lipiodol and group C(38 cases)with thermo-chemotherapy and thermo-lipiodol.Group B and group C were called the thermotherapy group.Results In the thermotherapy groups,the rates of tumor size reduction were significantly greater than those in the normal group.There were no significant different in the hepatic function tests among the three groups.The 6-,12-,18-,and 24-month survival rates of the normal group and thermotherapy groups were 97%,58%,39% and 18%,versus 99%,79%,57% and 36%,respectively.No significant differences were found in the rates of reduction of tumor size and survival rates between group B and group C.Conclusion Thermo-chemotherapy and thermo-embolization possess significant effect on PHC but without conspicuous damage to liver function.

BACKGROUND:Neural stem cells, as a hot topic in neuroscience research, have a wide application prospect in the treatment of neurological damage, but how to obtain a large number of terminally differentiated and purified nerve cells with homogeneous features is a difficult problem in this field. The use of intracellular fluorescence reporter system to track the process of neural stem cell differentiation and obtain a single kind of terminally differentiated and purified nerve cells provides a viable option. OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of GFAP promoter-driven fluorescence reporter system in tracing the neural differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). METHODS: Cerebral cortex of mouse embryos were primarily dissociated and sent for digesting and pipetting mechanically before suspension culture, followed by immunofluorescence staining of Nestin to identify their biological characteristics. Lentivirus carrying pLV/Final-neo-GFAP(promoter)-dTomato vector was employed to infect above-mentioned NSCs, and Geneticin (G418) was used to obtain purified NSCs at 14 days. Subsequently the purified cells were induced to differentiate into astrocyte-like cells; meanwhile red fluorescence changes in cells were observed by microscopy. The red fluorescent cells were then subjected to perform immunofluorescence staining at 13 days after induction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression of Nestin in the isolated primary cells was strongly positive. Purified NSCs were obtained by lentivirus infection and subsequent G418 resistance selection at 14 days. After induced into astrocyte-like cells, the red fluorescence was observed in the cells under the microscope and furthermore, GFAP staining was also positive. Mouse NSCs carrying neo-GFAP(promoter)-dTomato were successfully obtained. The cells could express dTomato under the control of GFAP promoter, which provides a powerful tool for research on NSC differentiation mechanism, neural transplantation and tissue engineering product development.

Objective: The pilot study was to explore the possibility of discriminating schizophrenia from the normal with combination of multiple tests. Methods: Forty medication-naive (25 cases) or medication-free for at least three weeks (15 cases) patients with schizophrenia and 41 healthy normal controls matched with sex, age, headedness, and education, were recruited in the study. The Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) was used to render the DSM-Ⅳ diagnoses for schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorders. The intrahemispheric coherences between the parietal and frontal electrode pairs (left: F3/P3; right: F4/P4) and interhemispheric coherences between frontal leads (F3/F4) and parietal leads (P3/P4) in the wide-band alpha frequency and peak frequency of photic driving were calculated at rest and during 1Hz light stimulation, respectively. Tests of exploratory eye tracking movement test (ETM), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Continuous Performance Test (CPT) were finished in the same working day. Stepwise discriminant function analyses were chosen to re-classify the patients and controls. Results:In the discriminant analyses, 61.7% of the subjects could be correctly classified into groups of patients or normal controls using the EEG coherence alone, 77.27% with ETM measures alone, and 70.6% when WCST and CPT parameters were combined. The correct discriminate rate increased to 81.5% when all the above variables were taken into consideration.Conclusion:In consideration of the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, it is suggested necessarily to combine multiple tests to make discrimination of schizophrenia.

Objective To evaluate the function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other clinical indexes to forcast ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Method Collecting the serum and follicular fluid (FF) of 42 cases in the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles and then analysis the relationship of the clinical and detected indexes between the OHSS (10 cases) and the non-OHSS (32 cases). Results The concentration of VEGF in FF?E 2 on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection, basal luteinizing hormone (LH) and the number of ovum retried much higher in the OHSS than in the non-OHSS. Conclusions The concentration of VEGF in FF of OHSS cases is higher than that of controls, supporting the role of VEGF as a mediator of OHSS. Therefore VEGF in FF is a forcast index of OHSS.