Imatinib and the second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKI) not only have revolutionized the management of patients with CML,but also become a model for the development of novel targeting agents in treating malignancies. Under IM treatment.more than 90%CML-CP patients could achieve complete hematologic remission,and more than 80% patients could achieve CCyR/MMoR.,the event free survival at 6-7 years were around 80%.resulting in a major change in the natural history of CML.Nevetherless, TKI cannot eliminate the bcr-abl fusion gene or CML stem cells.the patients have to take the medicine continuously or for life long,More than 10%patients developing resistance Or intolerance are also problematic.The available TKI are preferable choice for treatment of CML

Numerous studies found that the content of peripheral blood circulating RNA in various cancer types is aberrant increased,which could be a potential biological diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.Detecting the peripheral blood circulating RNA through the molecular biology technology will provide a sensitive and efficient,convenient,specific,noninvasive and minimally invasive therapy for the early diagnosis and detection,prognosis and therapeutic monitoring of malignant tumor.

MicroRNAS( miRNAs) are a class of single strand, small non-coding RNAs about 22 nucleotides, which have the function to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and control the biological processes,such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Recent studies indicate that miRNA plays an important role in tumor involved in invasion and metastasis. This article mainly reviews the feature of miRNA and its effect in metastasis or recurrence of breast cancer.

Objective Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway of bone formation and it is the target gene of TNF.When DKK-1 is inhibited,osteoprotegerin (OPG) would increase,OPG can antagonize bone erosion caused by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL).Detection the levelsof serum DKK-1,OPG,RANKL and TNF-α of patients with AS before and after applying TNF-α antagonist,the effects of anti-TNF-α treatment on signaling pathway of bone formation was explored.Methods Medical records and serum samples of 43 AS patients receiving TNF-α receptor-Ⅱ IgG Fc fusion protein for 12 weeks were collected and the levels of serum DKK-1,OPG,RANKL and TNF-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Paired t-test and Person's correlation analysis were used for data analysis.Results Disease activity indexes in AS patients with anti-TNF-α treatment,including VAS score,time of morning stiffness,BASDAI,BASFI,ESR and CRP,which were [(2.7±2.0) cm,(7±4) min,1.1±1.1,0.8±1.2,(10±9) mm/1 h and (16±26) mg/L] respectively,were reduced when compared with those before treatment,[(7.6±1.9) cm,(46±33) min,6.0±1.3,4.4±2.0,(39±29) mm/1 h and (76±43) mg/L] respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Serum levels of DKK-1,(3.3±1.5) μg/L vs (3.2±1.3) μg/L,OPG,(144±71) pg/ml vs (136±62) pg/ml,and RANKL,(71±37) pg/ml vs (68±30) pg/ml,were not changed (t=14.043,8.031,20.166,13.521,7.679,9.563,all P＞0.05).The levels of TNF-α increased from (1.9±1.3) pg/ml to (55.0±50.6) pg/ml (t=6.951,P＜0.05).There were no relations between DKK-1 and TNF-α,RANKUOPG,patient VAS,duration of morning stiffness,BASDAI,BASFI,ESR and CRP,allP＞0.05.Conclusion Clinical indicators are improved significantly by anti-TNF-α therapy; however,it should not be withdrawal suddenly.There is no relationship between serum levels of DKK-1 and level of inflammation in AS patients.

HIV-related sensory neuropathy ( HIV-SN) mainly contains the HIV infection-related distal sensory polyneuropa-thy (DSP) and antiretroviral toxic neuropathies (ATN).HIV-DSP is associated with proinflammatory cytokines , chemokines, ros and which is induced by gp 120;and HIV-ATN may be related to mitochondrial toxicity which is induced by the application of anti retroviral drugs, such as ddC, and similar as the molecular mechanism of HIV-DSP, this means that the current conventional method for the treatment of neuropathic pain in AIDS may further aggravate the neuropathic pain of the patient .Therefore, developing the study on the neurochemical and pharmacological mechanisms of HIV-related neuropathic pain will provide novel targets for the new effective drugs .

An 18-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for swelling of the right lower limb and vulva with milky-white vesicles for 3 years.Skin examination revealed swollen and enlarged right lower limb and labium,numerous clustered or scattered pinhead-to millet-sized whitish thick-walled vesicles over the right labium majus,bilateral labium minus,vaginal orifice,and right thigh,with milky-white chylous fluid draining from the vagina.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed obvious lymphangiectasia in the lower abdominal cavity and right side of the pelvis,dilation and distortion of lymphatic vessels in the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the right inner thigh,the vaginal wall and at the medial side of the right labium majus,but no abnormality in the uterus.Histopathological examination of the milky-white vesicles showed cystic dilation of lymphatic vessels in the superficial dermis,and fibrous hyperplasia of the middle and lower dermis.A diagnosis of primary chylous reflux syndrome Ⅰ was made.

Background and purpose:Irinotecan plus fuorouracil/Leucovorin has become the standard regimen as the first-line in treating advanced colorectal cancer.We investigated the clinical response and side-effects of the first-line treatment with Irinotecan plus fuorouracil/ leucovorin(FOLFIRI) for advanced colorectal cancer.Methods:From may 2001 to march 2005,37 patients with advanced colorectal cancer were treat with irinotecan 180mg/m~(2) i.v.on day 2,and fuorouracil 400 mg/m~(2),bolus on day 1,2 and 1200 mg/m~(2),civ.44hour;leucovorin 200 mg/m~(2) i.v.on day 1,2,two weeks per cycle.Results:The response rate was 41.7%.Incidence of III/IV Grade myelosuppression was 35.1%/8.1%,and 4 patients suffered from febrile neutropenia.Incidence of III Grade delayed diarrhea was 8.1%.Conclusions:The first-line chemotherapy with a combination of irinotecan and fuorouracil/ leucovorin is effictive and well tolerated by patients with advanced colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the application effect of service-learning pattern in clinical nursing teaching in Obstetric department. Methods A total of 113 nursing students in Obstetric department were randomly divided into two groups:57 were trained with traditional clinical nursing teaching method as the control group, 56 with service-learning teaching method as the experimental group. All students were examined for comprehensive assessment, including professional theory, professional operation and comprehensive quality after their training. At the same time, the clinical teaching satisfaction of nursing students were surveyed. Results There was no statistical difference in exam results between two groups of nursing students after training(P>0.05). However, the experimental group had higher achievements in professional operation and comprehensive quality after their training than the control group (35.24 points vs. 32.10 points, 16.27 points vs. 14.05 points), as well as, the clinical teaching satisfaction of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(96.42% vs. 89.60% ), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Service-learning pattern can significantly improve the clinical teaching effect of undergraduate nursing students in Obstetric department.

Objective To screen specific mutations on extracellular regions of membrane proteins ( extracellular membrane protein mutations ) in tumor cells and provide the reference information for target searching in cancer precision medicine .Methods Somatic mutations on extracellular regions of membrane proteins of 7042 tumor samples were collected to screen all specific extracellular membrane protein mutations, and the overall distribution of these mutations were obtained by statistical analysis.Genes, gene site and cancer types occured high frequency of extracellular membrane protein mutations were identified.Results 97193 specific extracellular membrane protein mutations were obtained from 4938362 somatic mutations in 7042 tumor samples (30 cancer types), the statistical analysis showed that 4347 genes and 65532 sites were involved in these specific mutations.The study further analyzed five genes (MUC16、LRP1B、CSMD3、RYR2、USH2A), one site (17:37868208) and six cancer types (including colorectal cancer, melanoma, uterine cancer, brain lower grade glioma, lung adenocarcinoma and stomach adenocarcinoma) which occured high frequency of extracellular membrane protein mutations.Conclusion An information library of specific mutations on extracellular regions of membrane proteins was established and the distribution of these specific mutations was obtained which can provide reference information for target detection in targeted cancer therapy and immunological therapy.

Studies demonstrate that the serum level of cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 ( CYFRA21-1 ) is high in various cancer types.As a novel epithelial cells derived tumor marker,detection of the serum level of CYFRA21-1 is of great clinical significance for screening and diagnosis,curative effect evaluation,recurrent monitoring and prognosis assessment for cancer patients.