Objective To introduce the surgical cooperation in finger-guided modified Nuss operation. Methods Forty-six patients with pectus excavatum (PE) underwent the finger-guided modified Nuss operation during September 2013 to August 2015. We retrospectively reviewed the surgical data and sumed up the key points for nursing cooperation. Results All the operations were successful. One patient developed preumothorax and chest subcutaneous emphysema;one patient developed pleural effusion. There was no bar shifting in the follow-ups. Conclusions Enough preoperative preparation and good doctor nurse cooperation are critical for the success of operations.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the causes of failure of esophageal stent implantation and explore technical improvement of re-implantation of esophageal stent (RIES).

METHODSAccording to the conditions of the failed stent implantation, 32 patients who required RIES underwent placement of more appropriate esophageal stents with an improved implantation technique. The patients were followed up for 6 months after the operation to evaluate the effects of RIES.

RESULTSThe success rate of the operation was 96.9% in these cases, and the esophageal conditions including stricture and fistula were effectively relieved. During the 6-month follow-up, stent migration occurred in 4 cases (12.5%), and esophageal fistula in the upper edge of the re-implanted stent occurred in 2 cases. No stent loss, bleeding, or stricture was found in these cases.

CONCLUSIONThe improved technique is effective for stent re-implantation after failed esophageal stent implantation with reduced complications associated with esophageal stenting.

Esophageal Fistula ; surgery ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Esophageal Stenosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Failure ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Reoperation ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To establish a stable and feasible rabbit model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in acute cerebral embolism phase for studying the effects of CPB on brain tissues and the timing of surgical intervention of acute cerebral embolism. Methods Fifty-four rabbits were randomized into group A (n=18) to receive CPB without middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and group B to undergo CPB at 24 h (group B1, n=18) or 1 week (group B2, n=18) after MCAO. Through a supraorbital margin approach, electrocoagulation was carried out to occlude the main stem of the left MCA under direct vision to establish MCAO. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at both 24 h and 1 week after MCAO, and the severity of cerebral embolization was evaluated. CPB was established by cannulation of the ascending aorta and the right atrium through a median sternotomy incision. MRI was performed at 2 h after CPB to observe the brain tissues. Results MCAO was successfully established in groups B1 and B2, and all the rabbits survived after MCAO. In both groups A and B, MRI examination detected no cerebral hemorrhage or new embolism 2 h after CPB. Conclusions We have established a stable and feasible CPB model in rabbits with acute cerebral embolism to allow study of the mechanisms of CPB-related organ damage and its interventions.

Objective To establish a stable and feasible rabbit model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in acute cerebral embolism phase for studying the effects of CPB on brain tissues and the timing of surgical intervention of acute cerebral embolism. Methods Fifty-four rabbits were randomized into group A (n=18) to receive CPB without middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and group B to undergo CPB at 24 h (group B1, n=18) or 1 week (group B2, n=18) after MCAO. Through a supraorbital margin approach, electrocoagulation was carried out to occlude the main stem of the left MCA under direct vision to establish MCAO. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at both 24 h and 1 week after MCAO, and the severity of cerebral embolization was evaluated. CPB was established by cannulation of the ascending aorta and the right atrium through a median sternotomy incision. MRI was performed at 2 h after CPB to observe the brain tissues. Results MCAO was successfully established in groups B1 and B2, and all the rabbits survived after MCAO. In both groups A and B, MRI examination detected no cerebral hemorrhage or new embolism 2 h after CPB. Conclusions We have established a stable and feasible CPB model in rabbits with acute cerebral embolism to allow study of the mechanisms of CPB-related organ damage and its interventions.

OBJECTIVETo establish a stable and feasible rabbit model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in acute cerebral embolism phase for studying the effects of CPB on brain tissues and the timing of surgical intervention of acute cerebral embolism.

METHODSFifty-four rabbits were randomized into group A (n=18) to receive CPB without middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and group B to undergo CPB at 24 h (group B1, n=18) or 1 week (group B2, n=18) after MCAO. Through a supraorbital margin approach, electrocoagulation was carried out to occlude the main stem of the left MCA under direct vision to establish MCAO. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at both 24 h and 1 week after MCAO, and the severity of cerebral embolization was evaluated. CPB was established by cannulation of the ascending aorta and the right atrium through a median sternotomy incision. MRI was performed at 2 h after CPB to observe the brain tissues.

RESULTSMCAO was successfully established in groups B1 and B2, and all the rabbits survived after MCAO. In both groups A and B, MRI examination detected no cerebral hemorrhage or new embolism 2 h after CPB.

CONCLUSIONSWe have established a stable and feasible CPB model in rabbits with acute cerebral embolism to allow study of the mechanisms of CPB-related organ damage and its interventions.

Animals ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electrocoagulation ; Female ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; surgery ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation

BACKGROUND: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by poor differentiation, high malignancy and rapid growth fast, short double time, early and extensive metastatic malignancy. In clinical, chemotherapy is the main treatment method, while resistance to multiple chemotherapy drugs in six to nine months has been a major clinical challenge in SCLC treatment. Therefore, It has important clinical value to building SCLC aninimal model which is similar to patients with SCLC. Animal model of xenotransplantation (PDX) from the patients with small cell lung cancer can well retain the characteristics of primary tumor and is an ideal preclinical animal model. The study is aimed to establish SCLC PDX animal model and induce the chemoresistance model to help to study the mechanism of chemoresistance and individual treatment. METHODS: Fresh surgical excision or puncture specimens from SCLC patients were transplanted into B-NSGTM mice subcutaneous tissues with severe immunodeficiency in one hour after operation the B-NSGTM mice subcutaneous in 1 hour, and inject chemotherapy drugs intraperitoneally after its tumor growed to 400 mm³ with EP which is cisplatin 8 mg/kg eight days and etoposide 5 mg/kg every two days until 8 cycles. Measure the tumor volum and mice weights regularly, then re-engrafted the largest tumor and continue chemotherapy. RESULTS: Nine cases were conducted for B-NSG mice modeling. Three of nine cases could be engrafted to new B-NSG mice at least two generation. The SCLC PDX animal models have been established successfully. After adopting chemotherapy drugs, the chemoresistance PDX models have been established. High homogeneity was found between xenograft tumor and patient's tumor in histopathology, immunohistochemical phenotype (Syn, CD56, Ki67). CONCLUSIONS The SCLC PDX animal model and the chemoresistance PDX animal model have been successfully constructed, the success rate is 33%, which provides a platform for the clinical research, seeking for biological markers and choosing individual treatment methods of SCLC.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; pharmacology ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Etoposide ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit ; deficiency ; genetics ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, SCID ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; methods ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVE：To study the effects of Modified liuwei dihuang decoction on kidney/bone injury of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder（CKD-MBD）model rats. METHODS ：The male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group（n＝10），high phosphorus group （n＝30），model group （n＝30），calcitriol group （positive control ，0.09 μg/kg，n＝30）， Modified liuwei dihuang decoction group （10 g/kg by crude drug ，n＝30）. CKD-MBD model was established by high phosphorus and adenine diet for 6 weeks. After modeling ，normal group and model group were given normal diet/high phosphorus diet and intragastric administration of water. Administration groups were fed with normal diet and given corresponding solution intragastrically（water as solvent ），0.1 mL/kg，once a day ，for consecutive 6 weeks. Blood sample of rats in the normal group were collected ，and they were sacrificed after the last administration. Blood sample of 10 rats in each other group were collected ， and they were sacrificed at 2，4 and 6 weeks after administration. The contents of blood urea nitrogen （BUN），serum creatinine （Scr），calcium，phosphorus，iPTH，FGF-23，RANKL and osteocalcin in serum were detected in each group. The bone mineral density（BMD）of femoral was measured ，the morphological changes of renal tissue and bone tissue were observed ，and the percentage of renal tubular injury and the score of renal interstitial fibrosis were calculated. RESULTS ：Compared with normal group，above indexes in high phosphorus group had no significant change at different time points （P＞0.05）. There was no abnormal change in renal/bone tissue. Compared with high phosphorus group at the same time point ，the contents of BUN ，Scr， phosphorus，iPTH，FGF-23，RANKL and osteocalcin in serum ，the percentage of renal tubular injury and the score of renal interstitial fibrosis in the model group were significantly increased ，while the contents of calcium in serum and the BMD of femoral were significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The renal tissue showed diffuse fibrosis. The width of trabecular bone was increased and the number of osteoblasts was decreased. Compared with the model group at the same time point ，the contents of BUN（except for Modified liuwei dihuang decoction group after 2 weeks of administration ），Scr，serum phosphorus ，iPTH， FGF-23，RANKL and osteocalcin ，the percentage of renal tubular injury and the score of renal interstitial fibrosis in Modified liuwei dihuang decoction group and calcitriol group were decreased significantly at each time point ；serum calcium content and BMD（except for 2 weeks of administration ）were significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），and the pathological changes of renal/bone tissue were significantly improved ；there was no statistical significance in above indexes between Modified liuwei dihuang decoction group and calcitriol group （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Modified liuwei dihuang decoction can improve kidney/ bone injury of CKD-MBD model rats ，and improve BMD and regulate disorder of calcium and phosphorus metabolism.

Objective     To retrospectively reviewed our experience of the surgical and perioperative treatment of patients suffering from critical Marfan syndrome with severe left ventricular dysfunction and to evaluate its therapeutic effect and prognosis. Methods     Between January 2012 and October 2016, 15 patients diagnosed with Marfan syndrome combined with severe left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction≤40% or left ventricular end diastolic diameter≥75 mm) underwent operations for aortic root aneurysm in Zhujiang Hospital and Guangdong General Hospital. Among them, 11 were males and 4 were females with a mean age of 32.9±8.7 years ranging from 19 to 55 years. Five patients with aortic dissection underwent Bentall procedure and total arch reconstruction with stent graft implantation. Two patients underwent Bentall procedure and hemi-arch replacement, seven patients underwent Bentall procedure and one patient underwent Cabrol procedure. Concomitant procedures included mitral valve repair in 12 patients, mitral valve replacement in 3 patients and tricuspid valve repair in 12 patients. Results     There were 11 patients (73.3%) receiving intra-aortic balloon pumping implantation. One (6.7%) in-hospital death occurred. The left ventricular end diastolic diameter decreased from 80.5±7.4 mm to 58.3±6.0 mm (P<0.05) and the left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 37.3%±5.2% to 46.3%±4.4% 3 months postoperatively (P<0.05). The left ventricular end diastolic diameter decreased from 80.5±7.4 mm to 53.7±3.6 mm (P<0.05) and the left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 37.3%±5.2% to 57.7%±4.2% after one year (P<0.05). No death and reoperation occurred in the follow-up. Conclusion     Although the patients with Marfan syndrome and severe left ventricular dysfunction usually have a high surgical mortality, the key to satisfactory outcomes of severe Marfan syndrome is adequate preoperative preparation, complete correction of all vascular lesions during the operation, application of circulatory auxiliary device and perioperative strict and long-term ICU monitoring.