Bronchoscopy ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) influenced the activities of daily living (ADL) of COPD patients. The six-minute walking test is considered as a good marker of functional capacity to perform ADLs. However, it does not identify the activities roundly. A good ADL scale can be used to assess functional incapacity of ADL in patients with COPD, and present sensitivity to changes following pulmonary rehabilitation.

Outsourcing hospital rear service is an inevitable result of the deepening of hospital reform and each hospital has its own ways of promoting the move. The authors give an account of the measures adopted in their hospital: ①detennining which part of the rear service was to be outsourced first; ②selecting the organizations for cooperation; ③clarifying the obligations of each party and drawing up working standards; ④amplifying necessary rules and regulations; and ⑤strengthening organization and management. Marked effects have been obtained as a result of about half a year's practice: ①optimization of the contingent of temporary workers which has rid the hospital of the worries behind; ②promotion of the change of concepts on the part of the staff which has led to an intensification of the sense of urgency and the awareness of competition; ③improvement of the quality of the rear service; and ④economy of funds.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and biochemical characteristics of type 2 diabetics with hyperuricemia and to investi-gate the association between serum uric acid and the number of metabolic syndrome components. Method In the cross-sectional study of 547 type 2 diabetics, we recorded body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and collected blood samples to measure serum uric acid (UA), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), creatinine (Cr) and blood lipid profile, including tfiglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density cholesterol LDL-C) and high-density cholesterol (HDL-C). Results Compared with the normal UA group, the diabetic patients in the high UA group had significantly increased levels of BMI, SBP, DBP, FPG, Cr, TG, TC and HbA1c (P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.01), and decreased level of HDL-C(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of LDL-C between the two groups (P > 0.05). According to their possession of 1, 2, 3 or 4 components of metabolic syndrome, 547 cases were divided into four groups (MSI, MS2,MS3 and MS4). There were significant difference in the levels of UA, BMI, SBP, DBP, Cr, TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C among MSI, MS2, MS3 and MS4 (All P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that UA concentration was positively correlated with sex, TG and Cr (Beta:0. 088,0. 350, 0. 124; P < 0.05, P <0.01, P <0.01) and negatively correlated with HDL-C and HbA1 c(Beta: -0.107, -0.124 ; P <0.01, P <0.01). The con-centration of UA was strongly correlated with serum TG. Conclusions Serum UA level in type 2 diabetics was significantly elevated as the number of metabolic components increased. Abnormal TG had great influence on serum UA. Hyperuricemia was considered to be a dangerous factor of the metabolic syndrome.

Pulmonary fibrosis can severely disrupt lung functions, but its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Animal models of lung fibrosis play an important role in investigation of the mechanism by which pulmonary fibrosis develops. This review summarizes the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of widely used and newly established animal models of lung fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE:To enhance the competitive edge of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises.METHODS:Patents problems confronted by Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises were analyzed in terms of the research and development and patent protection of the original new drugs,the administrative protection and patent protection of drugs,patent documentation in?formation,patent strategy and patent talents,etc.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises should highlight the patent problems and apply patent strategy to achieve competitive advantage.

Objective To observe the effects of epileptiform discharge and its influence on humpwave sleep spindles after sleep deprivation(SD)in children with epilepsy.Methods Monitoring the wakefulness and sleep EEG of samples of 160 children who were diagnosed epilepsy after SD.Results The detection rate of epileptiform discharge(59.3%)in sleep EEG was higher than that in wakefulness EEG after SD(16.3%)(P

Objective To explore the effect of stance width on balance in static standing.Methods Thirty healthy young subjects were evaluated using the PRO-KIN balance training apparatus.They stood with their eyes open and closed in three stances:feet together,feet 50 cm apart,and feet a comfortable distance apart (measured as 18.63±3.67 cm between the heels and 29.60±4.93 cm between the toes).The excursions of the center of pressure (COP),the standard deviation of their longitudinal sway (SDLS),the standard deviation of their horizontal sway (SDHS),the mean longitudinal and horizontal sway velocities (MVLS and MVHS),sway length (SL) and sway area (SA) were recorded.Results With the eyes either open or closed,significant differences in all of the COP data were observed when standing in the different stances.The average SDHS,MVHS,SL and SA were all significantly better when standing comfortably than when standing with the feet 50cm apart whether the eyes were open or closed.Conclusion There is a proper distance between the feet where healthy youngsters best maintain static standing balance.

The efficacy of intravitreal injection of anti vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) drug has been recognized for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization(CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration(AMD), central exudative chorioretinopathy and pathological myopia, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity and neovascular glaucoma. The tendency of clinic application of anti-VEGF is increasing. Though the therapeutic effect of anti-VEGF has been confirmed, a variety of complications associated with its usage were reported. This review summared the advancement of the complication in the clinical application of anti-VEGF therapy such as its effect on normal structure and physiological function of eye, intraocular pressure elevation, rips of retinal pigment epithelium(RRPE), retinal detachment(RD), endophthalmitis and systemic side-effects.

Objective To analysis the rational use of human albumin in patients with hypoproteinemia in our hospital.Methods The drug evaluation criteria of human albumin were developed and the patients of different gen-dem,ages,departments,clinical diagnoses,human albumin species,administration,doses,course of treatment and pur-poses in our hospital were investigated.Results The using rate of human albumin in patients with hypoproteinemia was 53.1% in our hospital,20% human albumin accounted for the most(89cases),and the consumption of human albumin used in department of respiration was the most in our hospital (70cases).Diagnosis of 14 cases were not anastomosis with indications and 8 cases hadprolonged use and no indicative use and inappropriate medication. Conclusion The irrational use of human albumin are existed in our hospita1.We should develop the drug using standard of human albumin and strictly grasp the indications of drug use to avoid overuse of human albumin.