Objective To study the effect of different pH values on activation of sodium chlorite. Methods After activated sodium chlorite by different concentration of hydrochloric acid, differentiate determination was used to determine the concentration of chlorine dioxide and other chlorine species produced at different times. Results The activation rates of chlorine dioxide increased as concentration of hydrochloric acid gradually increased, that showed a dose-response manner. When concentration of hydrochloric acid were 9.6, 10 and 10.3 mol/L, the pH value reached 0.47, 0.39 and 0.26, respectively, the activation rate reached the peak value at 10 min (activation rate was 98.8%), 8 min (97.1%) and 5 min (99.2%) respectively. Conclusion The activation rate of chlorine dioxide is related to pH. When pH value is less than 0.5,the activation rate of chlorine dioxide is higher. The lower the pH value is,the higher the activation rate of chlorine dioxide is and more early the peak value appears.

Electrical stimulation is a common technology to treat neurogenic bladder dysfunction secondary to supersacral spinal cord injury. This paper reviews the historical development of this treatment and current status.

ObjectiveTo explore the operation effect and clinicopathologic characteristics of elderly patients with gastric carcinoma(GC) and the relationship between prognosis and age.MethodsThe clinical data and treatment outcomes of 112 elderly patients suffered from GC( elderly group≥70 years of age) and 135 younger patients (control group ＜50 years of age) were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThe elderly GC patients had more preoperative comorbidities,and a well or moderately differentiated histology(P ＜0.05).And more young patients had a poorly differentiated histology and signet ring cell carcinoma,using the Borrmann classification,type Ⅳ was more frequent in the young patients(P ＜0.05 ) ; Whereas there were no significant differences beween the two groups in other factors ( including liver function,tumor invasion,nodal involvement,hepatic metastasis,peritoneal dissemination,tumor stage,type of surgery,post operation complication and 5-year survival rates of elderly patients and young patients) ( all P ＜0.05).ConclusionOutcomes in elderly patients with gastric carcinoma were comparable to young patients.The important prognostic factor was whether the patients undergo a curative resection.For the elderly patients without preoperative comorbidities or with controlled comorbidities,gastrectomy was a safe and effective treatment.

Objective To introduce the new technique of transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterovesical reimplantation and to evaluate its feasibility and clinical significance. Methods Overall,17 cases (5 men and 12 women) of ureterovesical obstruction (left,7 and right,10) were included.Of them,10 cases were diagnosed with simple congenital ureter outlet stricture;1 had calculi and polyp formation at right ureter outlet;2 had recurrent ureter outlet stricture after open ureterovesical reimplantation (1 of them had 2 calculi at lower part of the ureter);1 had double nephroureteral upper unit ureter outlet stricture with 2 calculi;2 had recurrent ureter outlet stricture after holmium laser section;1 with urinary TB had right ureter outlet stricture after left nephrectomy.Among the 17 cases,severe hydronephrosis occurred in 12,and moderate,in 5.Transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterovesical reimplantation was performed in the 17 cases (ureterovesical anastomosis in 15 and bladder flap ureterovesical reimplantation in 2). Results The operations were all successful in 17 cases with operating time of 90～160 min (mean, 112 min) and blood loss of 60～100 ml.The drainage tubes were removed 1～3 days after surgery without urine leakage.The urinary catheters were removed 1 week after surgery and double J stents,1 month after surgery. Six months after surgery cystography showed Ⅲ?urine reflux in 6 cases, Ⅰ?-Ⅱ? urine reflux in 5 and no reflux in 6.One year after surgery cystography showed Ⅲ? urine reflux in 3 cases, Ⅰ?～Ⅱ? urine reflux in 4 and no reflux in 10.During 3～24 months' follow-up, ultrasound B and IVU showed moderate hydronephrosis in 4 cases,mild,in 5 and no obvious hydronephrosis in 8. Conclusions Laparoscopic ureterovesical reimplantation is a feasible,less painful and minimally invasive alternative method for treatment of ureterovesical diseases.By comparison,bladder flap ureterovesical reimplantation has better anti-urine reflux effect but more complicated than ureterovesical anastomosis does.Long term efficacies of the methods need further observation.

Studies using isolated rat fundus strip preparation demonstrated that l-stephanine ( l-STP ) , l-roemerine ( 1-REM ), l-stepholidine (l-SPD), 1-tetrahydropalmatine ( l-THP ) and dl-tetrahydrode-berine ( THB ) possessed 5-HT blockade properties. 1-STP ( 16, 25 ?M ) produced competitve antagonism against 5-HT receptor on rat fundus, while higher concentration ( 50 ?M ) suggested a non-competi tive inhibition, with pA2' and2' values equal to 5.8 and 4.2 respectively. 1-REM was found to be a non-competitive antagonIst ( pD' 2 = 4.5). 1-SPD, 1-THP and THB cuased a parallel shift to the right of 5-HT concentration response curve without any significant changes in their maximum response, indicating that they were competitive antagonists of 5-HT receptor. The antagonistic potencies of 1-SPD, l-THP and THB were expressed as pA2 values: 6.2,5.2 and 5.0.

Objective To evaluate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on anemia and blood transfusion requirements in perioperative patients.Methods21 cases, with abdominal surgery(with anemia before operation or with expected blood loss 400～600?ml were divided into two groups (study group or control group).The patients in the study group received subcutaneously rHuEPO 300?IU?kg -1 ?w -1 starting 2 weeks before operation for 3 times.Results In the study group,RBC,Hgb,Hct significantly increased to 0 36?10 12 /L?13 3?g/L and 3 8% respectively after rHuEPO therapy,intraoperative blood transfusion reduced significantly ( P

Objective To investigate the effects of oral recombinant attenuated Salmonella ophimurium urease B subunit and catalase in the treatmeat of H.pylori infection in a H.pylori infected mouse model. Methods Thirty C57BL/6 mice were randomized into three groups and challenged twice by oral administration of H.pylori in three days. Four weeks after the second challenge, the mice were immunized by oral administration of recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium urease B subunit (group A), recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium catalase (group B), or saline (group C) respectively, and all mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after the immunization. The stomachs were collected for rapid urease test, modified Giemsa stain and quantitative culture to observe the gastric H.pylori densities, and HE stain was performed to assess the presence of inflammation. Lymph cells from the spleens were served for lymphoproliferation assay. Results Gastric H.pylori densities of group A, B and C were 1.58?10 5 CFU/g, 4.88?10 5 CFU/g and 1.92?10 6CFU/g respectively. H.pylori densities of therapeutic groups were significantly decreased ( P

Objective To determine the contents of fructose, glucose, sucrose and total saccharide in honeysuckle extracts which were produced by three classical methods, to provide scientific data for producing and controlling of those patent medicines containing honeysuckle extract. Methods Three classical extract methods were used for producing honeysuckle extracts. HPLC-ELSD method was used for determining the contents of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and a spectrophotometric determination method was used for determining the contents of total saccharide. Results The contents of fructose in three honeysuckle extracts were 5.44%, 3.47%, 4.74%, glucose were 4.35%, 2.73%, 4.21%, glucose were 17.41%, 8.47%, 14.47%, and total saccharide were 50.63%, 41.12%, 35.90%, respectively. Conclusion About 36%～51% of total components of honeysuckle extracts were determined except chlorogenic acids, and 19%～27% of components in the extracts were fructose, glucose, sucrose.

Objective To establish the fingerprints for characterization of the chemical components of maidong(root of Ophiopogon japonicus) in two main cultivate regions of China,Sichuan(Chuanmaidong) and Zhejiang(Hangmaidong).Methods An HPLC-UV analytical methods was applied to detect 70% ethanol extracts of 20 samples from Sichuan and Zhejiang province,a "Fingerprint similarity evaluating system for TCM" issued by Pharmacopoeia Committee of P.R.China was used to evaluate the similarities all of the samples.Results The fingerprints revealed that the similarities were higher than 0.95 between samples from the same cultivate region,and were lower than 0.80 between samples from different regions of above two.Conclusion The fingerprints of Chuanmaidong and Hangmaidong were provided with high difference,and the difference can be taken as a most important proof for distinguishing the material medica of Chuanmaidong and Hangmaidong,but also in patent medicine of TCM.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of using small intestinal submucosa (SIS) as scaffold in cystoplasty augmentation for treating the neurogenic bladder.Methods We retrospectively reviewed our database of 14 patients with neurogenic bladder,including ten male and four female,between January 2011 and March 2014.The mean age in those patients was 29 years old (range 14-56 years old).The etiology of neurogenic bladder included myelomeningoceles in 8 cases and spinal cord injuries in 6 cases.The urodynamic examination showed that the mean volume of maximal bladder pressure was (150.1± 64.2) ml,mean bladder compliance was (5.2± 3.9) ml/cmH2O,maximal detrusor pressure was (44.1 ± 29.2) cmH2O.The SIS cystoplasty was performed in all patients,which the Surgisis(R) ES was used during operation.In order to enlarge the bladder,the 4-layer tissue graft was fashioned into a strap shape,rehydrated and continuously sutured to the mucous edge of opening bladder walls.Seven patients accepted the ureter reimplantation with anti-reflux technique simultaneously.Serial video-urodynamics,magnetic resonance urography (MRU) and serum analyses were used to assess the outcomes of surgery.Results All patients were undergone the operation successfully.The mean operative time was 120 min.Bowel function returned promptly after surgery.No metabolic consequences were noted.Renal function was preserved.The duration of follow-up ranged from 6 to 48 months (mean 24 months).Compared to the preoperative findings,there were significant increasing in maximum bladder capacity (P＜0.05) at the 6,12 and 24-month follow-up (150.1± 64.2) ml preoperatively,(274.9±88.7) ml at 6 months,(322.5± 144.4) ml at 12 months and (279.9± 157.9) ml at 24 months,The significant differences also exhibited in the increasing of bladder compliance (P＜0.01) at the 24-month follow-up [(5.2±3.9) ml/cmH2O preoperatively,(26.1 ±29.4) ml/cmH2O at 24 months] and decreasing of maximum detrusor pressure (P＜0.05) at the 12 and 24-month follow-up [(44.1±29.2) cmH20 preoperatively,(20.1±9.8) cmH2O at 12 months,(20.2±19.1) cmH2O at 24 months].Two patients were observed scaffold rupture one week postoperatively and healed with patent drainage.One patient developed calculi in neo-bladder at 3-months follow-up and treated with transurethral lithotripsy.Four patients were noted vesico-ureteral reflux at 12-month follow-up.The botulin toxin detrusor injection was used in 2 cases.After indwelling the catheter for 3 months,the symptoms of reflux disappeared.The oral administration of solifenacin (5mg twice per day) and tolterodine (4mg once per day) was used in other 2 patients,who also accepted the catheter indwelling at the same time.The symptom of reflux relieved in only patient.Conclusions SIS can be used effectively as a scaffold for bladder augmentation.Tissue engineering technology provides a potentially viable option for genitourinary reconstruction in patients with neurogenic bladder.