The lymphatic vessel is one of the earliest routes for systemic neoplastic metastasis. But reports on research of the lymphatic vessel have been few compared to the study for tumor vessels. In the past few years,along with advances in understanding about the construction features of the lymphatic system,work has been done to determine the anatomic fundamentals of lymphatic metastasis. Many new specifi c markers of the lymphatic endothelium had been reported, which is useful to differentiate lymphatic vessels from capillary vessels. The lymphatic vessels are usually found in the animal tumor models, human tumors and peritumoral tissues. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of lymph-angiogenesis has been discovered, which provide effective targets for anti-lymphatic metastasis of malignant tumors, make optimization of individualized treatment strategy possible to restrain lymph-angiogenesis of malignant tumors and so it could benefi t in improving patients' prognosis and survival.

Animals ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Chickens ; Drosophila ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Mice ; Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Phosphorylation

Follow-Up Studies ; Survival Analysis

Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Analysis

Adult ; Alkanesulfonic Acids ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Pemphigoid, Bullous ; chemically induced

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians

Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Female ; Glycogen Storage Disease ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver ; pathology

Catheter Ablation ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Kidney ; innervation ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiopathology

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans

Objective To explore the Csx/Nkx 2.5 gene expression in the heart during the embryonic period and its mutation in subjects with congenital heart disease(CHD). Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to reveal the Csx/Nkx 2.5 gene expression, and PCR-SSCP-silver staining and DNA sequencing for mutation. Sixty-three embryos or fetus, 126 children with congenital heart diseases and 30 normal controls were included in the study. Results Elevated expression of Csx/Nkx 2.5 gene was found in atrium and trabecular of ventricle. After 16 weeks of gestation, the expression in atrium was stable, while slightly reduced in the trabecular. The expression in the ventricle was lower than that in the atrium in early embryonic stage followed by continuous increase which was most remarkable in 13~16 weeks and kept stable after 16 weeks. No expression of Csx/Nkx 2.5 was detected in epicardium. Three different kinds of gene polymorphisms in the third base of the 21st amino acid codon were found in all subjects:A,G,A/G. Conclusions Gene Csx/Nkx 2.5 plays an important role during the fetal heart development and its expression varies in different parts of the heart during different period in fetal development. Neither the sporadic nor the CHD cases showed any mutations in this study.