No abstract available.
Cesarean Section, Repeat* ; Female ; Fistula*

This is a case report of a 42 year old parturient from Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro, who was referred for anesthetic management for repeat elective cesarean section. She had safely undergone elective cesarean section twice, 14 months apart, under spinal anesthesia.
Human ; Female ; Adult ; ANESTHESIA, CONDUCTION ; CESAREAN SECTION, REPEAT ;

Ephedrine sulfate was administrated 30 healthy parturients undergoing elective repeat cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Fifteen patients received ephedrine infusion (0.01% solution, beginning with approximately 5 mg/min) immediately after induction of spinal anesthesia to maintain maternal systolic blood pressure between 90% and 100% of the baseline systolic blood pressure (mean dose of ephedrine 31.6 mg). Fifteen patients (control group) received 20mg of ephedrine as an intravenous bolus, and additional 10mg increments, if necessary, when systolic blood pressure decreased to 80% of the baseline systolic blood pressure (mean dose of ephedrine 26.8 mg). Nausea and/or vomiting occurred in seven women in the control group and on patient in the infusion group (p<0.001). Apgar scores, fetal blood gas tension, and time for onset of respiration was comparable in the two groups. The results suggest that prophylactic ephedrine infusion is safe and desirable in healthy parturients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Blood Pressure ; Cesarean Section* ; Cesarean Section, Repeat ; Ephedrine* ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Nausea ; Pregnancy ; Respiration ; Vomiting

Involuntary movement during and after neuraxial anesthesia, such as spinal and epidural anesthesia, is rarely observed. In this report, we describe a case of myoclonus-like involuntary movement of the upper extremities in a patient undergoing a planned repeat cesarean section under spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine that completely subsided after administration of 2 mg of midazolam. The myoclonus-like movement did not recur or cause any apparent neurological side effects.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Bupivacaine ; Cesarean Section* ; Cesarean Section, Repeat ; Dyskinesias* ; Female ; Humans ; Midazolam* ; Myoclonus ; Pregnancy ; Upper Extremity

OBJECTIVES: Vaginal birth or trial of labor after previous cesarean section has become one of the most remarkable changes in obstetric practice. The safety and efficacy of a trial of labor and vaginal birth after previous cesarean are well documented. The purpose of this report is to predict the likelihood of vaginal birth in patients undergoing a trial of labor after previous cesarean delivery using factors known at the time of hospital admission. METHOD: In this retrospective study, 120 women who attempted vaginal birth at Kyung-Hee University Hospital from March 1997 to March 1999. An attempt to identify possible prognostic factors for success of such a trial was made and we evaluated the variables of significant predictive value and the patients' characteristics in the success group and failure group of women who attempted VBAC. RESULT: 87 cases(72.5%) in 120 cases succeeded in VBAC and 33 cases(27.5%) failed. In this comparative groups in VBAC, there was significant difference in CPD index(cephalopelvic disproportion index) and Bishop score, but no significant difference in gestational age, the estimated fetal weight by sonography and newborn birth weight. CONCLUSION: In this study, Bishop score and CPD index and age may be useful and valid predictor of success in VBAC and this information could be particularly valuable. The CPD index may prove most important in determining if a vaginal birth should occur after a cesarean section because it can clearly identify some patients who need a repeat cesarean section.
Birth Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Cesarean Section, Repeat ; Female ; Fetal Weight ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Trial of Labor ; Vaginal Birth after Cesarean*

We reported a case of subchorionic placental cyst with maternal floor infarction in 32-year-old multigravida. In this case the infant without growth retardation was delivered at fuU term by repeat cesarean section. A 5.8*5cm placental cyst detected prenatally by ultrasound was shown subsequentty to be a subchorionic cyst without thrombohematoma. The cyst was unilocular and attached near the cord insertion, and it contained straw-colored fluid. There was no other placental abnormalities except placental inFarction on matemal floor with fibrin deposition. It is necessary to differentiate placental cystic lesions by ultrasonographic and pathologic examination because placental abnormalities could be associated with perinatal complications.
Adult ; Cesarean Section, Repeat ; Female ; Fibrin ; Humans ; Infant ; Infarction* ; Placenta ; Ultrasonography

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) during pregnancy is a rare condition. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature. CAH patients has lower pregnancy rate compared to normal women. A 27-year-old nulliparous woman, a diagnosed case of 21-hydroxylase deficient simple virilising form of classic CAH visited. She got pregnant spontaneously without any trial of assisted reproductive technology. At the age of 12, she underwent clitoral resection and vaginoplasty. She took dexamethasone or prednisolone after operation. She delivered healthy singleton female baby by cesarean section. Four years later, she delivered healthy singleton female baby by repeat cesarean section. Two female babies have shown normal external genitalia. Here, we report a case of successful pregnancy and delivery in a patient with CAH.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital* ; Adult ; Cesarean Section ; Cesarean Section, Repeat ; Dexamethasone ; Female ; Fertility ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Prednisolone ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy* ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase

The Ewha Womans University Hospital performed 1757 cases of Spinal anesthesia for Cesarean: section out of a total of 9044 anesthetic experiences which had been performed during the 12 years up to August 1972. The following is a summary of observations on 1757 pregnant women conducted by statistical comparison between primary Cesarean section and repeat Cesarean section, between anesthetic dosages, spinal anesthetic level, initial time of fall in blood pressure upon the induction of spinal anesthesia and Apgar score of newborns. 1) General and spinal anesthesia were observed to have been increasing gradually up to 1970. Spinal anesthesia had increased more than general anesthesia and in 1971 general anesthesia increased considerably. 2) Ages of pregnant women ranged from 18 to 49 years. The number in the third decade of pregnant women who had Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia exceeded those in the fourth decade. Primary Cesarean sections performed by this hospital were 1337 cases, more than 3 times the 420 cases of repeat Cesarean section. Primary Cesarean section was done more in the third decade than in the fourth decade. However, repeat Cesarean section was performed more in the fourth decade than in the third decade. 3) The dosage of the local anesthetic, tetracaine hydrochloride, during the period varied from 4.1 mg to 15.0 mg. Before 1968, the dosage was given in large quantities, but since then tearacine hydrochloride 6.0 mg to 7.0 mg has been given to most cases. 4) As to anesthetic level, 96.6% was performed to T6 and T6 properly. 5) Blood pressure initiated a drop within 10 minutes in 85.1% of cases after the induction of anesthesia. 6) Apgar scores of 8 or above were reached in 94.2%.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Apgar Score ; Blood Pressure ; Cesarean Section* ; Cesarean Section, Repeat ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Tetracaine

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate chronological pattern of the frequencies and indications for cesarean section performed at one university hospital for 24 years. METHODS: This study was carried out retrospectively based on the clinical records of 6,051 patients who had cesarean sections among total 28,836 delivery cases at our hospital from January, 1980 to December, 2003 to show the frequencies and indications for cesarean section. RESULTS: The relative frequencies of cesarean section among total delivery cases for 24 years was 21.0%. The frequencies was 16.6% in the 1980s, 21.9% in the 1990s and 34.3% in the 2000s, which shows a tendency to marked increment. The common indications of cesarean section for 24 years was previous cesarean section (40.9%) followed by abnormal presentation (16.3%), dystocia (12.2%), fetal distress (7.9%), placenta previa (6.8%). Repeat cesarean section showed increasing frequencies from 1980 to 1992 and dropped again from 2002. Dystocia and abnormal presentation showed decreasing frequencies, but multiple pregnancy, placenta previa and other indications showed increasing frequencies, especially in late 1990s and 2000s. CONCLUSION: The frequencies for cesarean section was increasing, especially from 1990s. There are many changes in indications for cesarean section. Recent changes was decreasing frequencies for repeat cesarean section, increasing for multiple pregnancy, placenta previa and other indications. This might be related to low birth rate and high elderly mother's proportion.
Aged ; Birth Rate ; Busan* ; Cesarean Section* ; Cesarean Section, Repeat ; Dystocia ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Humans ; Placenta Previa ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Retrospective Studies

Uterine prolapse is extremely rare during pregnancy. However in some cases significant complications such as urinary tract infection, voiding difficulty, abortion, and preterm labor may develop. Conservative management consisted of bed rest and use of a pessary. An elective cesarean section near term is the safest mode of delivery in cases where the cervix is edematous and elongated. We present a case of a patient developing uterine prolapse at 12 weeks of gestation, treated with bed rest and use of a pessary. A repeat cesarean section was performed at 38 weeks of gestation and report with a brief review of literatures.
Bed Rest ; Cervix Uteri ; Cesarean Section ; Cesarean Section, Repeat ; Female ; Humans ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pessaries ; Pregnancy ; Prolapse ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Uterine Prolapse