No abstract available.
CD4 Lymphocyte Count* ; Humans ; Oral Manifestations*

No abstract available.
CD4 Lymphocyte Count* ; Diagnosis* ; Humans* ; Korea*

Background: With the recent rise in number of HIV/AIDS patients in the Philippines, knowledge of the most common mucosal and cutaneous findings among HIV/AIDS patients can be a valuable tool of assessment. Objectives: To determine the different mucosal and cutaneous disease findings of HIV/AIDS patients; evaluate their frequency and association with the latest CD4 cell counts, and to determine patients’ demographic and medical profiles. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done at a tertiary hospital in Makati city from January 2017 to September 2018. Walk-in patients or those referred by Infectious Disease specialists were evaluated using a standardized history and physical examina- tion form. Latest CD4 counts were also obtained. Results: A total of 93 patients were enrolled. Majority were males (98%), with a mean age of 32 +/- 7.08, employed (64%), and on HAART (87%). A large part of the group (45%) has severe immunosuppression (CD4 counts <200/mm3). The most common manifes- tations were the following: non-infective, fungal, and drug-related dermatoses, with the most common dermatoses being seb- orrheic dermatitis, xerosis, pruritic papular eruptions (PPE), superficial fungal infections, drug hypersensitivity reactions, and syphilis. PPE was noted to be significantly associated with low CD4 counts. Conclusion Due to small population size, significant associations between the other dermatoses with their CD4 counts were not seen except for PPE, which was significantly associated with CD4 counts <200/mm3. Nevertheless, a strong suspicion for any underlying HIV//AIDS infection is still warranted in the presence of these dermatoses.
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count

Introduction: This study investigated the association of selected biopsychosocial factors (i.e., CD4 cell count, self-stigma, and social stigma) with the quality of life and adherence to treatment of people living with HIV in the National Capital Region. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted to document the health status and behavior of respondents affiliated with a clinic in Quezon City. Participants answered an online questionnaire containing the Berger HIV Stigma Scale, WHO-QOL for HIV, and HIV Treatment Adherence SelfEfficacy Scale. Bivariate analyses and prevalence risk ratios were used to determine the association of selected biopsychosocial factors with quality of life and adherence to treatment. Results: One hundred respondents were analyzed, of which 42% had CD4 cell counts < 350 cells/mm3, 43% had high self-stigma and 36% had high social stigma while 11% had poor QOL and 7% had poor ATT. There was no significant association of CD4 cell count, self-stigma and social stigma with quality of life and with adherence to treatment. Conclusion A weak association was noted between poor QOL and low CD4 cell counts and among those who felt higher social stigma, but the relationships were not significant. The association between poor ATT and the selected biopsychosocial factors was not significant.
CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Social Stigma ; Quality of Life

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression level of T lymphocyte subsets in elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), and to evaluated the prognostic value of T lymphocytic abnormalities in elderly NDMM patients. METHODS: Pretreated peripheral blood of 39 newly diagnosed elder patients with MM was tested by multi-parameter flow cytometry (MFC) to quantitatively detect T lymphocyte subsets, including CD4T cell, CD8T cell, and CD4/CD8 ratio. The prognostic values T-lymphocyte subset were evaluated in newly diagnosed elderly patients with MM. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 21.5 (range, 3.0-66.0) months. Absolute counts of CD4T cell and CD4/CD8 ratio positively correlated with prognosis. In the multivariate COX analysis, lower CD4/CD8 ratio and CD4T cell counts were identified to be independent adverse prognostic factors for OS. CONCLUSION Lower CD4/CD8 ratio and CD4T cell counts at initial diagnosis are independent unfavorable prognostic factors for elderly patients with MM, and T lymphocyte subsets are crucial indicators for MM patients' prognosis.
Aged ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Multiple Myeloma ; Prognosis ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets

OBJECTIVETo study dynamics of T lymphocyte subsets in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

METHODSSequential anti-coagulated blood samples were collected from 46 cases of SARS patients during the 1st week, the 2nd week, the 3rd-5th week and the 8th-12th week after the infection. T lymphocyte subsets including CD3+CD4+ cells, CD3+CD8+ cells, naive CD4+ cells (CD4+CD45RA+CD62L+) and activated CD8+ cells (CD8+CD38+) were detected by 3-color flow cytometry. Fifty-six normal healthy blood donors were also detected as normal controls.

RESULTSCompared with the results of normal controls, both of the percentages of CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells of SARS patients were in normal levels during the 1st week, but the cell counts decreased significantly to (306 +/- 140)/mm3 and (270 +/- 143)/mm3, respectively. The cell count of naive CD4+ subset also remarkably decreased to (96 +/- 49)/mm3, and the percentage of CD8+CD38+ subset was higher than that of normal controls [(59.3 +/- 12.6)% vs (44.9 +/- 12.5)%]. During the 3rd-5th week, the CD8+ cell count and the percentage of CD8+CD38+ subset reached normal values, which were (581 +/- 356)/mm3 and (40.1 +/- 17.6)%, respectively. During the 8th-12th week, the cell counts of CD4+ cell [(578 +/- 193)/mm3] and naive CD4+ subset [(176 +/- 64)/mm3] were still less than those of normal controls, while compared with those of the 1st week, the increments were remarkable.

CONCLUSIONST lymphocytes of SARS patients decreased dramatically but could be obviously resumed in a short time. It will take more than 8-12 weeks for CD4+ cell and naive CD4+ subset to reach to normal levels.

Adult ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

This paper introduces a method of recognizing CD4 cell microscopic images by a computer when the images are magnified about 100 times. This method reduces the intensity non-uniformities of background, enhances and segments the cells microscopic images by means of image processing. It extracts geometric feature, colour and optical features from the cells, and a Fisher classifier which can be constructed to recognize CD4 cells.
CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; methods ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Pattern Recognition, Automated

BACKGROUND: Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in suppressing human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection, but knowledge on whether and how NK cells affect immune reconstitution in HIV-1-infected individuals who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) is limited. METHODS: We performed a case-control study with 35 healthy individuals and 66 HIV-1-infected patients including 32 immunological non-responders (INRs) with poor CD4+ T-cell recovery (<500 cells/μL after 4 years of ART) and 34 immunological responders (IRs) with improved CD4+ T-cell recovery (>500 cells/μL after 4 years of ART). NK cell phenotype, receptor repertoire, and early activation in INRs and IRs were investigated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: A significantly higher proportion of CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells was observed in INRs than IRs before ART and after 4 years of ART. The number of CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells was inversely correlated with CD4+ T-cell counts in INRs before ART (r = -0.344, P = 0.050). The more CD69-expressing NK cells there were, the lower the CD4+ T-cell counts and ΔCD4, and these correlations were observed in INRs after ART (r = -0.416, P = 0.019; r = -0.509, P = 0.003, respectively). Additionally, CD69-expressing CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells were more abundant in INRs than those in IRs (P  = 0.018) after ART, both of which had an inverse association trend towards significance with CD4+ T-cell counts. The expression of the activating receptors NKG2C, NKG2D, and NKp46 on CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cell subsets were higher in IRs than that in INRs after 4 years of ART (all P < 0.01). Strong inverse correlations were observed between CD69 expression and NKG2C, NKG2A-NKG2C+, NKG2D, and NKp46 expression on CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells in INRs after ART (NKG2C: r = -0.491, P = 0.004; NKG2A-NKG2C+: r = -0.434, P = 0.013; NKG2D: r = -0.405, P = 0.021; NKp46: r = -0.457, P = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS INRs had a larger number of CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells characterized by higher activation levels than did IRs after ART. The increase in the CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cell subset may play an adverse role in immune reconstitution. Further functional studies of CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells in INRs are urgently needed to inform targeted interventions to optimize immune recovery.
CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Case-Control Studies ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural

PURPOSE: An anal condyloma is a proliferative disease of the genital epithelium caused by the human papillomavirus. This condition is most commonly seen in male homosexuals and is frequently recurrent. Some reports have suggested that immunosuppression is a risk factor for recurrence of a condyloma. Thus, we investigated the risk factors for a recurrent anal condyloma in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 85 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with and underwent surgery for an anal condyloma from January 2007 to December 2011. Outcomes were analyzed based clinical and immunologic data. RESULTS: Recurrent anal condylomata were found in 25 patients (29.4%). Ten cases (40.0%) were within postoperative 3 months. At postoperative 6 months, the CD4 lymphocyte count in the recurrent group was lower than it was in the nonrecurrent group (P = 0.023). CONCLUSION: CD4-mediated immunosuppression is a risk factor for recurrent anal condylomata in HIV-positive patients.
CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Epithelium ; HIV ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Male ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUNDThe initiation and expansion of China's national free antiretroviral therapy program has led to significant improvement of survival among its participants. Success of further scaling up treatment coverage rests upon intensifying HIV screening and efficient linkage of care. Timely CD4 cell count testing after HIV diagnosis is necessary to determine whether a patient meets criteria for antiretroviral treatment, and represents a crucial link to engage HIV-infected patients in appropriate care, which has not been evaluated in China.

METHODSWe evaluated all patients ≥ 16 years who tested HIV positive from 2005 to 2009 in Yunnan and Guangxi. Multivariate Logistic regression models were applied to identify factors associated with lack of CD4 cell count testing within 6 months after HIV diagnosis.

RESULTSA total of 83 556 patients were included. Over the study period, 30 635 (37%) of subjects received a CD4 cell count within 6 months of receiving the HIV diagnosis. The rate of CD4 cell count testing within 6 months of HIV diagnosis increased significantly from 7% in 2005 to 62% in 2009. Besides the earlier years of HIV diagnosis, negative predictors for CD4 cell count testing in multivariate analyses included older age, not married or unclear marriage status, incarceration, diagnosis at sexual transmitted disease clinics, mode of HIV transmission classified as men who have sex with men, intravenous drug users or transmission route unclear, while minority ethnicity, receipt of high school or higher education, diagnosis at voluntary counseling and testing clinics, and having HIV positive parents were protective.

CONCLUSIONSSignificant progress has been made in increasing CD4 testing among newly diagnosed HIV positive patients in Yunnan and Guangxi from 2005 - 2009. However, a sizable proportion of HIV positive patients still lack CD4 testing within 6 months of diagnosis. Improving CD4 testing, particularly among patients with identified risk factors, is essential to link patients with ART services and optimize treatment coverage.

Adult ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Female ; HIV Infections ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male