A rapid thin flat gel isoelectric focusing method followed by ultrasensitive silver staining was developed for the determination of apo E phenotypes. Using this method, apo E phenotypes and allele frequencies in 63 normal individuals, 70 patients with hyperlipidemia and 11 patients with familial hypereholesterolemia (FH) in Nanjing were examined. TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, VLDL-TG in these cases were also measured. The relative frequency of the ?4 allele is significantly lower while the relative frequency of the ?3 allele is higher in this group than in the Caucasian group. Plasma TG, VLDL-TG, VLDL-C and VLDL-C/VLDL-TG are higher in the apo E3/2 phenotype, and lower in the apo E4/3 phenotype, wherea splasma TC, LDL-C levels are lower in the apo-E3/2 and higher in the apo E4/3 phenotype. It implies that the ?2 allele has the action of increasing TG-rich lipoprotein particles and reducing ch-rich lipoproteins in plasma, while the ?4 allele has an effect opposite to that of the ?2 allele. The highest prevalence of the ?4 allele was associated with type Ⅱb hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP), while that of the ?2 allele was associated with type Ⅲ-HLP. The frequency of ?2, ?4 are higher in FH patients as compared with normal subjects.

Objective To discuss the application of internal fixation technique in eyebrow lift and infrabrow excision blepharoplasty.Methods With the incision within eyebrow or infrabrow excision incision,fixation of the eyebrow to the brow periosteum using 4-0 silk thread and then suturing the upper and lower border of the incision could lift the eyebrow and correct the ptosis of upper eyelid skin and fishtail lines.Results All the 138 cases got good results,showing that the eyebrow and upper eyelid skin ptosis and lateral fishtail lines were all corrected.Conclusions Internal fixation technique can get better results in eyebrow lift and infrabrow exicion blepheraplasty surgery.

Objective To explore the mechanism ofTiaozhong Huatan Anshen Mixture (THAM). Methods A total of 200 healthy Kunming mice were randomly and equally divided into first, second, third and fourth major groups. Each major group was further equally divided into blank group, control group and high, medium, low dose THAM groups. Each group was given an equal volume of NS, estazolam, or high, medium, or low dose THAM by gavage for 7 d. For the first major group, the changes in number of spontaneous activities after administration were evaluated. For the second major group, 60 min after administration, each group was given pentobarbital sodium (30 mg/kg body weight, minimum dose for all mice sleeping) by intraperitoneal injection, and the sleep time was recorded. For the third major group, 60 min after administration, each group was given pentobarbital sodium (15 mg/kg body weight, maximum dose for 90%-100% of all mice having righting reflex) by intraperitoneal injection. The number of mice falling asleep was recorded, and the sleep rate was calculated. For the fourth major group, mice were sacrificed after continuous administration 15 d. They were quickly removed brain tissue;homogenates were taken out in batches;5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in brain tissues were determined according to fluorescence spectrophotometric.Results Compared with the blank group, all treated groups had a reduced number of spontaneous activities, a shortened sleep latency, a prolonged sleep time, and an increased sleep rate after administration (P<0.01,P<0.05), with the most significant changes seen in the control group and high-dose THAM group (P<0.05), with out statistical significance between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the blank group, brain 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in all treated groups increased in mice (P<0.01,P<0.05), with the most significant changes seen in the high-dose THAM group (P<0.05).Conclusion THAM has a significant sedative-hypnotic effect. The mechanism may be related to increasing brain 5-HT synthesis and metabolism.

AlM: To observe the clinical results of pterygium excision combined with conjunctival autograft transplantation using fibrin glue.METHODS:A total of 60 patients (60 eyes) with primary nasal pterygium were randomly divided into two groups:the fibrin glue group ( experimental group, 30 eyes) and suture group ( control group, 30 eyes ) . All patients underwent pterygium excision combined with conjunctival autograft transplantation. ln the experimental group autograft was attached to sclera with fibrin glue while in control group 10-0 polyamide was used. The patients were followed up for 6mo. The time of operation, post operation comfort, complications and recurrence were evaluated.RESULTS:The average surgical time was 24. 5 ± 6. 5min with fibrin glue group while 35. 2 ± 5. 4min with suture group, with statistically significant difference between two groups (P<0. 05). Pain and foreign body sensation was significantly less with fibrin glue group than that in the control group ( P < 0. 05 ). No severe postoperative complication occurred both in two groups. The incidence of subconjunctival hemorrhage in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P<0. 05). 1 case (3%) of fibrin glue group, 3 cases (10%) of suture group had recurrence at the end of follow up 6mo.CONCLUSlON:lt's a safe and effective way to attach conjunctival autograft during pterygium surgery by fibrin glue. lt can reduce surgical time, postoperative complications and relieve postoperative discomfort.

Objective To learn about the state of anxiety, related factors and demand of the family members of youngster patients with eye traumas during the operations, to improve the quality of nursing care by effectively relieve the anxiety of family memebers through appropriate intervention. Methods The anxiety and needs of family members of 148 children patients with eye traumas were investigated during the perioperative period with self-rating anxiety scale and self-designed questionnaires, and appropriate nursing was given according to the survey results. Results The anxiety score of family members was (56.93 ± 14.72), which was at higher level when the patients were just admitted. The scores statistically de creased after nursing care. The anxiety was related to factors such as the security and the effect of the operation, the technical level of the surgeon, the anesthesia method (general anesthesia),the age of the children patients and the emergency operation. Conclusions Nursing staff can effectively relieve the anxiety of the family members of children patients during perioperative period by supplying special care according to their different demands.

AIM: To investigate the influence of microwave-assisted extraction on flavone contents of Pollen Tyhae micropowder. METHODS: Ultraviolet spectrophotometer and HPLC were applied to analyze Pollen Tyhae micropowder, total flavon and isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespridoside were adopted as the marker, respectively. RESULTS: Appropriate conditions of microwave-assisted extraction included: extraction time of 8min, ethanol concentration of 70%, Solid/liquid ratio of 1∶18 (g?mL -1) and the power of microwave oven of 540w. CONCLUSION: Compared with normal reflux method, microwave-assisted extraction of Pollen Typhae micropowder is more useful and can improve the extraction rate the reduce the extracting time.

Objective To explore the feasibility and indications of T tube free laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). Methods The therapeutic results of LCBDE in 175 cases were reviewed retrospectively regarding the cure rate, complications, and postoperative hospital stay. Results LCBDE was performed successfully in 169 cases. Laparoscopic stone removal was failed in 6 out of the 175 cases. Two were converted to open exploration, the remaining 4 cases received intraoperative EST, the procedure failed in one case and it was converted to open surgery. T tube free LCBDE was performed successfully in 104 cases, in 36 out of the 104 cases laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration was successful, the mean operation time was 140 minutes and the mean hospital stay after operation was 2 days; in other 68 cases laparoscopic choledochotomy with primary duct closure was performed, the mean operation time was 135 minutes and the mean hospital stay after operation was 3 days. T tubes were placed in 65 cases, the mean operation time for those patients was 150 minutes and the mean hospital stay after operation was 4 days, the mean T tube drainage time was 38 days. Retained stone was found in one out of the 65 cases, and was removed by EST. Bile leakage after removal of T tube developed in one case, and was cured by conservative therapy. No mortality nor complications such as bleeding or bile leakage occurred in remaining cases, asymptomatic hyperamylasia was found in 4 cases postoperatively. No stone recurrence or duct stricture were found at a mean follow-up of 13 months. Conclusions T tube free LCBDE as an alternative to the treatment of CBD stones is safe and feasible, with shorter hospitalization and avoiding the potential complications related to the T tube placement.

Objective To evaluate multiple instrument guide (MIG) in the use of laparoscopic choledochotomy (LCD). Methods The common bile duct (CBD) exploration time,surgical outcome,complications and damage of choledochoscope with or without MIG were compared retrospectively. Results MIG assisted LCD was performed successfully in all 25 cases,no complication such as bleeding,bile leakage or retained stones happened. CBD exploration time were 30 minutes,the mean number of removed stones was 6,no damage of choledochoscope was encountered. In 38 cases receiving traditional LCD,an average 5 pieces of stone were removed,the duct exploration time was 60 minutes. Two cases were complicated with hyperamylasia,stones were retained in one case. Choledochoscope was damaged in 6 times. Conclusions MIG facilitates LCD procedure,shortens operative time,and protects choledochoscope.

Mitogen - activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal - regulated kinases (ERKs), c - Jun NH2 - terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 MAPK, play an important role in transducting environmental stimuli to the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus in mammalian cells by virtue of their ability to phosphorylate and regulate the activity of various transcription factors. It was recently found that the changes in activity of MAPKs occurred during ischemia/reperfusion, but the biological significance of the changes was still controversial.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 MAPK, play an important role in transducting environmental stimuli to the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus in mammalian cells by virtue of their ability to phosphorylate and regulate the activity of various transcription factors. It was recently found that the changes in activity of MAPKs occurred during ischemia/reperfusion, but the biological significance of the changes was still controversial.