No abstract available.
Cadaver

Objectives: The celiac trunk (CT) is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta and typically gives rise to the left gastric artery (LGA), common hepatic artery (CHA), and splenic artery (SA), which supply blood to the abdominal viscera. Variations in the branching pattern of the CT exist and knowledge of such is crucial when performing surgical, laparoscopic, and angiographic procedures. The aim of this study is to determine the anatomic variations of the CT in adult Filipino cadavers and to compare the proportions of these with those reported in the foreign literature. Methods: Adult Filipino cadavers from the University of the Philippines College of Medicine Anatomy Laboratory were dissected by first year medical students from 2014-2019. The CT and its branches were identified, drawn on a separate piece of paper, and confirmed to be correct and accurate by an anatomist. The data collected from that period was reviewed. Percentages were calculated for the branching patterns identified. A Z-test of Two Populations was used to compare the results of the current study to that of Pinal-Garcia (2018), Pillay (2020) and Venieratos (2013). Results: A total of 107 drawings based on 107 dissected preserved cadavers were reviewed. Ninety-two specimens (85.98%) showed typical branching into the LGA, CHA, and SA. The CT presented as a true tripod (tripus Halleri) in 75 specimens (70.09%) and as a bifurcation with one of the three arteries arising first along the trunk (false tripod) in 17 specimens (15.89%). Nine cadavers (8.41%) showed additional branches arising from the CT and four (3.74%) showed bifurcation of the CT with the third branch arising from a different artery. Conclusion The most common configuration of the CT among Filipino adult cadavers is a true tripod, followed by a false tripod, additional branching, and bifurcation of the CT with the third branch arising elsewhere. The present study most closely resembles the results of the study of Venieratos.
Cadaver

PURPOSE: The purpose of this report is to evaluate the measured values of normal Korean calcaneus by conduct of a cadaveric study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 42 calcanei were obtained from Korean cadavers. A digital goniometer was used for measurement of Bohler's angle, Gissane angle, posterior facet articular inclination angle, and Fowler-Philip angle of calcaneus. A vernier caliper was used for measurement of the maximal antero-posterior length, maximal transverse width, and maximal height of calcaneus. RESULTS: The average Bohler's angle, Gissane angle, posterior facet articular inclination angle, and Fowler-Philip angle was 32.3degrees+/-5.0degrees, 114.4degrees+/-8.2degrees, 61.2degrees+/-4.4degrees, and 60.3degrees+/-7.6degrees. The average maximal antero-posterior length, maximal transverse width, and maximal height of calcaneus was 74.2+/-3.0 mm, 43.0+/-4.0 mm, and 42.5+/-3.0 mm. CONCLUSION: The measured values of normal Korean calcaneus were lower than the values reported in the international literature. Therefore, development of appropriate instruments reflecting the anatomical characteristics of Koreans will be needed.
Cadaver* ; Calcaneus*

Introduction: Dissecting cadavers to study Human Anatomy is an integral part of first year medical education. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of the first year medical students during their first day of cadaver dissection. Methods: This study analyzed interviews of three first year medical students, chosen via purposive sampling, who were present during the first day of cadaver dissection in gross anatomy. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed through a Husserlian descriptive phenomenological approach. Results : Five common themes were identified: 1) fear of the unknown, 2) group dynamics, 3) sense of awe and amazement of the cadaver's body, 4) respect for the body, and 5) taming of death as a rite of passage to being a doctor. Conclusion Of the five emergent themes, taming death as a rite of passage to being a doctor is the essence of the experiences of the first year medical students during the first day of cadaver dissection.
Cadaver ; Anatomy

No abstract available.
Cadaver* ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney*

PURPOSE: We wanted to compare the results between cadaveric and radiological measurements of calcaneus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty three calcaneus of 33 cadavers donated between December 2012 and December 2014 were actually measured. Computed tomography (CT) images of 244 calcaneus in 122 patients of the same age group with cadavers were radiologically measured. Maximum length, maximum width, maximum height, Bohler angle, Gissane angle, Fowler-Phillip angle, and tala-articular angle were measured. RESULTS: In cadaveric measurement, the mean maximal height, length, and width were 41.8+/-3.3 mm, 73.3+/-3.4 mm, and 40.7+/-2.2 mm, respectively. In radiological measurement, the mean maximal height, length, and width were 38.5+/-4.3 mm, 74.0+/-5.7 mm, and 44.7+/-1.4 mm, respectively. In cadaveric measurement, the mean Bohler angle, Gissane angle, Fowler-Phillip angle, and tala-articular angle were 32.1degrees+/-6.2degrees, 110.8degrees+/-8.1degrees, 55.8degrees+/-6.8degrees, and 59.7degrees+/-4.6degrees, respectively. In radiological measurement the mean Bohler angle, Gissane angle, Fowler-Phillip angle, and tala-articular angle were 32.6degrees+/-3.8degrees, 113.7degrees+/-5.7degrees, 62.2degrees+/-3.9degrees, and 61.6degrees+/-6.3degrees, respectively. The mean maximal height was significantly higher in the cadaveric measurement group (p<0.001) and the mean maximal length and width were significantly higher in the radiologic measurement group (p<0.001, p<0.001). The mean Gissane angle, Fowler-Philip angle, and Bohler angle were significantly higher in the CT group (p=0.001, p<0.001, p=0.016, respectively). There was no significant difference in the mean tala-articular angle (p=0.352). CONCLUSION: Significant differences in length parameters were observed between the cadaveric measurement group and the radiologic measurement group. However, no significant differences in angular measurements were observed between the two groups. The authors carefully conclude that radiological measurement values may be different from actual values in the calcaneus.
Cadaver* ; Calcaneus* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Cadaver* ; Fascia Lata* ; Fascia*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to biomechanically assess the pullout strength of the dynamic osteosynthesis construct(DOC) cervical plating system to consider the effects of screw triagulation in the cervical spine. METHODS: Twelve fresh cadaveric cervical spines(C4-C7) were randomly instumented with DOC cervical system with 20 degree(six specimens) or 30 degree platforms(six specimens). All specimens were tested on an MTS Alliance RT/10 testing machine. Load-displacement data was sampled at a rate of 50Hz. After the biomechanical testing, specimens were cut on sagittal plane and the penetrating depths of screw were measured. RESULTS: Mean insertion torque of 20 degree was 1.025 newton-meters and that of 30 degree was 1.031 newton-meters(p>0.05). Mean penetration depth of 20 degree was 11.82mm(C4), 12.20mm(C7) and that of 30 degree platforms were 12.22mm(C4), 13.04mm(C7). Mean pullout strength with 20 degree platforms was 642.2 N ; with 30 degree platforms was 537.7N(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: There is no statistical differences in pullout strength between 20 degree platform and 30 degree platform that were plated in cervical vertebral bodies, even though a literature shows that more increased screw angulation of 30 degree than that of 20 degree would decrease pullout resistance due to less amount of bone purchase against the pullout force in parallelogram shaped cervical vertebral body.
Cadaver ; Spine ; Torque

No abstract available.
Cadaver* ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney*

The anatomy and distribution of the superficial temporal vessels are known to follow regular patterns, with few exceptions in previous studies. But these previous studies of the anatomy and distribution of the superficial temporal vessels were based, only on the cadaver studies. Authors evaluated the anatomy of these vessels in the operative field of the living body from December 1997 to June 2001, The superficial temporal vessels were surgically exposed from the zygomatic arch extending to the superior temporal line through a preauricular incision in 18 patients(20 cases), who underwent reconstructive surgery using these vessels in the operative field. The authors measured and analyzed; the distribution, branching and diameters of the superficial temporal vessels. The results were obtained as follows; 1.In 19 cases, STV(superficial temporal vein) runs posterior to STA(superficial temporal artery) at the upper border of the zygomatic arch. 2.There was no frontal or parietal branches in 2 cases and vena comitante existed along with STA in one case. 3.The external diameter of STA and STV was measured at the lower border of the zygomatic arch. The external diameter of STA ranged from 1.5mm to 3.0 mm(average 2.1mm) and those of STV ranged from 1.3mm to 3.5mm (average 2.0mm). This study can be helpful in the reconstructive surgery using the superficial temporal vessels, for the results of our study are based on the true anatomy of the living body.
Cadaver ; Rabeprazole ; Zygoma