Adult ; Bronchi ; pathology ; Diagnostic Errors ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Trachea ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features, imaging characteristics, pathological types, the misdiagnosis causes and the early diagnosis method of malignant lymphoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. METHOD: Clinicopathological data of 34 patients with malignant lymphoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were retrospectively analyzed. RESULT: Most of patients were middle aged man, the incidence of malignant lymphoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses accounted for 21.7% of nasal malignant tumor over the same period, nasal malignant lymphoma incidence rate was higher than the sinus malignant lymphoma (76.5% VS. 17.6%). The main symptoms were presented as snuffle, epistaxis, purulent nasal discharge, fever and so on. Nasal neoplasm, nasal mucosa hyperemia, erosion, necrosis are the main signs of the disease. CT features were summarized as the lesions located in the anterior-middle area in nasal cavity, homogeneous in density, soft tissue swelling in some cases and less bone destruction. The majority pathological type of nasal malignant lymphoma was NK/T cell lymphoma, but the common pathological type of paranasal sinus malignant lymphoma was B-cell lymphoma. The misdiagnosis rate of malignant lymphoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinus was 21.2%. CONCLUSION Malignant lymphoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses without specific clinical characteristics, but has some certain CT characteristics. Combined with the clinical, imaging and pathological features, can improve the cognition and diagnosis of the disease.
Diagnostic Errors ; Epistaxis ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Necrosis ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Paranasal Sinuses ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: Through the use of the categories of auditory performance (CAP-II), the speech, spatial and qualities of hearing scale-parents' version (SSQ-P), children using hearing implants quality of life (CuHI-QoL) in patients with prelingual hearing impairment to compare the rehabilitation effect between preoperative and postoperative auditory performance, speech behavior and quality of life and at the same time to figure out dose rehabilitation effect connected to age. METHOD: Mainly used classification method to compare the audotory performance, speech behavior and quality of life of 50 patients before and after 2.5 years after the implantation. At the same time these 50 patients are divided on the basis of the age received the surgery, A group received the surgery before 6(1.0-5.9) years old and group B received the therapy after this age (6.0-10.9). Their auditory performance, speech behavior and quality of life were all evaluated. RESULT: There were statistical difference between two kinds of classification method of CAP-II. In the study of SSQ-P and CuHI-QoL, there was no statistical difference in well-being and happiness before and 3 years after the implant, also there was no statistical difference in parental stress between two age groups. In addition to the above two, the rest all have statistical significance. CONCLUSION After the implant, postoperative auditory performance, speech behavior and quality of life all had improved and the smaller the age, the better the performance.
Age Factors ; Child ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Deafness ; therapy ; Hearing ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Speech

OBJECTIVE: To explore the methods of the larygeal recurrent nerve dissection in different and difficult thyroid surgery, so as to minimize damage and improve the safety of the operation. METHOD: The process and methods in different laryngeal recurrent nerve dissection about 52 hospitalized patients from 2010 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. These cases include large nodular goiter, nodular goiter behind the sternum or located in the lower pole of the thyroid gland, thyroid cancer, tumors of parathyroid gland, etc. We studied the conditions of lesions involving the laryngeal recurrent nerve and the defensive measures to protect the nerve. RESULT: The laryngeal recurrent nerve was dissected successfully in 50 cases, except 2 cases whose laryngeal recurrent nerve were violated by thyroid cancer. CONCLUSION When we dissect the laryngeal recurrent nerves in different and difficult thyroid, the glands and tumors were mostly needed to be freed and turned inward and forward. After that, the laryngeal recurrent nerves can be dissected successfully with the markers of tracheoesophageal groove, inferior thyroid artery and/or angle under the thyroid cartilage.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To explore the indications and the effective treatment methods of laryngeal function preserva tion in aged patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma. METHOD: Clinical data about 41 patients with hypopharygeal carcinoma were analysed. These patients were more than or equal to 60 and were treated from January 2006 to December 2011. Among them, 25 cases were treated with laryngeal functions preserved and the hypopharynx defect was immediately re paired by the adjacent tissue flap or (and) the pactoralis major myocutaneous flap according to the size of defect after tumor resecting. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULT: In 25 patients with laryngeal function preservation, 16 cases were 60-69 years old, 6 cases were 70-79 years old and 3 cases were 80-88 years old. The tumour located at lateral wall of pyriform sinus in 14 cases, at anterior wall of pyriform sinus in 3 cases, at inside wall of pyriform sinus in 3 cases, at upper side wall of hypopharynx invading tonsil or tongue base in 3 cases, at posterior hypopharyngeal wall in 2 cases. The average length of post-operation stay was 22.2 days. Eight cases suffered from post-operative complications (32%), including of pharyngeal fistula in six cases and pulmonary infection in two cases. The respiratory function and pronunciation were all restored, in 25 cases, among which 20 cases removed tracheostomy tube about 3 months after surgery. 2 cases were missed after 1-year followed up. 2 cases died of local tumor recurrence. 4 cases died of neck recurrence. 8 cases died of pulmonary matastasis. The 1-year and 3-year survival rate of the disease in the group was 67.5% and 43.9% respectively. CONCLUSION As the aged cases of hypopharygeal carcinoma are choosed appropriately and repaired feasibly, surgery for the disease with laryngeal function retention may be safe and effective.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Larynx ; physiology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organ Sparing Treatments ; methods

Objective To investigate the safe and effective method for laryngeal microsurgery in difficult la‐ryngeal exposure cases .Methods We selected 62 patients’ clinical data who had received laryngeal microsurgery with difficult laryngeal exposure and could not exposure by normal self -retaining laryngoscope between July 2012 and June 2015 .There were 42 cases of vocal cord polyp ,9 cases of the vocal cyst ,5 cases of the vocal amyloidosis , 4 cases of severe atypical hyperplasia of vocal cords and 2 cases of vocal cord high differentiated squamous carcino‐ma .We completed all kinds of laryngeal microsurgery to expose the glottis by adjusting the postures of patients ,in‐creasing the anesthesia depth ,using self -retaining laryngoscope with endoscopy which can be adjusted and pressing the throat .Results In 62 patients ,58 patients were successfully operated with adjustable self -retaining laryngo‐scope with endoscopy ,the success rate was 93 .55% .And 25 cases was exposed the glottis completely by increasing the anesthesia depth ,however ,when we increased the anesthesia depth ,there were 10 cases needed to combined with pressing the throat to expose .Five patients had retropharyngeal injure with different levels .One case with small jaw deformity of the vocal cord polyp surgery was not successful ,the success of electronic endoscopic under surface anesthesia surgery .The other one case with teeth unkempt and porcelain teeth and two cases of intraoperative frozen tip vocal cord cancer completed the operation of the open throat under the non trachea incision .Conclusion Most of difficult exposed laryngeal can be safely and effectively exposed through using the adjustable self -retaining laryngo‐scope with endoscopy while normal self -retaining laryngoscope can not .When necessary ,we can put 30°endoscope into the side channel of self -retaining laryngoscope to complete all kinds of laryngeal microsurgery .

Objective To research the diagnostic value of the wide band acoustic absorbance rate in children otitis media with effusion. Methods The wide band acoustic absorbance rate was tested in 114 children (a control group of 30 healthy children;50 patients shown middle ear effusion during tympanotomy;and 34 patients with chronic effusion shown no middle ear effusion during tympanotomy).The data of each group were analyzed, and the diagnostic value of wide band absorbance was analyzed with the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results The wide band acoustic absorbance rate of otitis media with effusion group was notably lower than that of non-effusion group and control group at the 0.5～4 kHz averaged absorbance (P＜0.05).After analyzing the receiver operating characteristic curve, it showed that the diagnosis value was highest in the range of 0.5～2 kHz (area under the curve0.984), followed by 1 kHz and 1.5 k Hz (area under the curve:0.973 and 0.967). Conclusion Compared with the conventional 226 Hz tympanometry, the wide band tympanometry is more accurate for the diagnosis of children otitis media with effusion.It can be used as a better method for the diagnosis of otitis media exudative lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment of bilateral and unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) and figure out the differences between bi-and unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and further improve the diagnosis and treatment of SSHL. METHOD: The retrospective study was based on 334 patients with SSHL (315 with uni-SSHL versus 18 with bi-SSHL) and all of the patients were in-patients. RESULT: The incidence of bi-SSHL was 5.4% of patients with SSHL. There was no significant difference on the clinical features such as age, gender, interval from onset of symptoms to seeing doctors and associated symptoms between bi-and unilateral SSHL. 27.8% of the patients with bi-SSHL had preexisting diabetes mellitus, which was significantly higher than the rate of the uni-SSHL (9.8%, P<0.05). Hearing loss was more profound in the uni-SSHL ones, however, the hearing improvements were better than their counterparts. The overall effective rate of the two groups was 58.4% and 13.9% respectively. Earlier diagnosis and treatment with steroids would have a good prognosis. CONCLUSION Unilateral SSHL is more common than bilateral SSHL. Bilateral SSHL occurs more common with preexisting diabetes mellitus and has worse prognosis compared to unilateral SSHL. The earlier steroid treatment the better prognosis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Auditory Threshold ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Bilateral ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Hearing Loss, Unilateral ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To provide the anatomic data for operation on the middle ear through the observation and measurement of related anatomic structure. METHOD: Forty human temporal bones of 20 voluntary bone donors were dissected, relative anatomical data of operation were observed and measured under operating microscope through posterior tympanum approach entering posterior tympanum. RESULT: The average distances from suprameatal spine to short crus of incus, pyramid segment of facial canal were 19.14 mm, 16.30 mm, respectively. The average distances from pyramid segment of facial canal to the surface of mastoid, crotch of chorda tympani nerve, posterior wall of auditory meatus were 20.84 mm, 11.28 mm, 4.40 mm, respectively. The average length of facial nerve in the horizontal segment, the perpendicular paragraph was about 11.60 mm, 15.30 mm, respectively. The average distance from pyramidal eminence to the anterior lip of round window niche, from oval window to round window niche, from incudostapedial joint to round window niche was 4.46 mm, 3.74 mm, 3.80 mm, respectively. The included angle of facial nerve in the horizontal segment and chorda tympani nerve with facial nerve in the perpendicular paragraph was 110.4 degrees, 24.8 degrees, respectively. Horizontal semicircular canal and facial nerve in the level paragraph was 17.5 degrees, long process of incus and incus buttress was 46.0 degrees. CONCLUSION The position of anatomic structure in middle ear was constant and the relationship including distance and angle between anatomic structures changed in limited region. The anatomical parameters provide a reference value for avoiding the injury during the operation.
Adult ; Chorda Tympani Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; Ear, Middle ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Facial Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Round Window, Ear ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Temporal Bone ; anatomy & histology ; innervation

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the diagnosis and effective treatment of cystic lymphangiomas located in head and neck in children. METHOD: Fifteen cystic lymphangiomas,diagnosed with pathological evidence, located in head and neck in children were retrospectively analyzed including clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up data. RESULT: CT and ultrasonography were used to evaluate the size, shape and extent of lymphangiomas in all patients. All patients were treated with surgery. Complete resection was performed in 14 cases, and subtotal resection in one case. Two post-operative complications were found,one was paralyses of mandibular branch of facial nerve, another was Horners syndrome. Tracheotomy operation was done in one case,and the tracheal cannula was taken away before discharged from hospital. Fourteen patients were followed up. There was no recurrence during the follow-up from 6 months to 8 years, while one case who suffered from Horner's syndrome after operation was not cured. CONCLUSION CT and ultrasonography are effective to diagnose cystic lymphangiomas and evaluate the security of clinical treatment. Total or subtotal resection is effective to treat cystic lymphangiomas.
Child, Preschool ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography