Objective To investigate the relationships between aspirin resistance (AR) and laboratory indexes and different types of traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods Two hundred and eight different types of TCM syndromes of patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted from January 2012 to November 2013 in the Neurology Department of Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital were divided into AR group and aspirin sensitive(AS)group according to the rate of AR. Simultaneously,28 healthy volunteers in the same period were assigned in a healthy control group. The changes of red blood cell volume distribution width coefficient of variation(RDW-CV),platelet count(PLT)and homocysteine(Hcy)levels were observed in the three groups. The correlation between different types of TCM syndromes and AR,PLT,RDW-CV,and Hcy was analyzed by non-conditional logistic regression. Results The total incidence of AR was 29.32%(61/208)in 208 patients with acute cerebral infarction. There were 165 cases with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome,the incidence of AR being 26.06%(43/165);32 cases with wind phlegm obstructing channel syndrome,the incidence of AR, 43.75%(14/32);11 cases with liver yang hyperactivity syndrome,the incidence of AR,36.36%(4/11);in the comparisons,the incidence rates of AR among the above types of syndromes had no statistical significant differences (P>0.05). Compared with the healthy control group,the levels of PLT,RDW-CV,Hcy in AR group and AS group of various types of TCM syndrome were increased,the PLT and RDW-CV levels in patients with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in AR group were more significantly elevated in the comparisons between AR and AS groups, there were statistical significant differences〔PLT (×109/L):212.16±66.48 vs. 187.54±56.85, RDW-CV:(14.34±3.16)% vs.(13.20±2.16)%,both P<0.05〕;the level of Hcy in patients with wind phlegm obstructing channel syndrome in AR group was increased more significantly than that in AS group,the difference between the two groups being statistically significant(μmol/L:27.29±18.64 vs. 21.36±14.61,P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed,increased PLT〔odds ratio(OR)=1.007 2,95%confidence interval(CI):1.001 2-1.013 2,P=0.018 5〕and RDW-CV〔OR=1.165 4,95%CI:1.007 9-1.347 4,P=0.038 8)was independence risk factor of AS development. Conclusion The elevation of RDW-CV,PLT,Hcy in level reflects the index of AR production, especially in patients with acute cerebral infarction accompanied by Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and wind phlegm obstructing channel syndrome.