BACKGROUND: Keloids and hypertrophic scars are benign fibrous growths which usually occur in predisposed individuals after trauma. Numerous modalities have been used to treat keloids and hypertrophic scars, but the final results have been so far unsatisfactory. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of tlis study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of cryosurgery and intralesional corticoster oid for treatment of these scars. METHOD: Thirty patients, aged 17 to 45 years old, with keloids or hypertrophic scars(mean duration, 6.4 years) were treated using solid CO2 followed by intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide(13.3 mg/ml). Two freeze-thaw cycles per lesion were employed. Freezing time was chosen arbitrarily from 7 to 20 sec depending on the characteristics of each scar. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows. 1. Excellent and good results were achieved in 57% of all subjects on average, 77% of those who were treated more than 3 times, and 48% of those treated less than twice. 2. The keloid of less than 2 years duration showed better results than older ones. 3. No recurrence was seen in 63% of patients, but partial recurrence in 21% of patients and complete recurrence in 10% were observed. Lesions on the trunk showed less improvement (p<0.05) and were more recurrent than other lesions. 4. There were complications in 9 patients, such as hyperpigmentation(6), hypopigmentation(1), infection(1) and telangiectasia(1). CONCLUSION: Cryosurgery and intralesional corticosteroid injections produced synergistic advantages. A cornbination of these modalities might be an effective treatment modality in keloids and hypertrophic scars.
Cicatrix ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic* ; Cryosurgery* ; Freezing ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Keloid* ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Triamcinolone

Ginseng root, as a folk medicine, has been used in for eastern countries for thousands of years. Ginseng extract has been shown to have a variety of effects on the activity of the central nervous system, promoting simulation as well as inhibition of the cortical activity. A survey of the relevant literatures has indicated that the putative anxiolytic activity of red ginseng has not been scientifically investigated. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess anxiolytic effect of ginseng total saponinis(GTS). The putative anxiolytic effects of several fractions of GTS were investigated in mice using an elevated plus maze paradigm. Single dose administration of TS Fr.- I showed anxiolytic action in mice. Anxiolytic effect induced by TS Fr.-I was similar to that induced by diazepam. TS Fr.-II, TS Fr.-III and TS Fr.-IV did not show the anxiolytic action compared with that of TS Fr.-I. It was suggested that regulation of GABAergic neurotransmission may be important in the action of GTS. The Interaction of GTS fractions with benzodiazepine receptor was performed using rat cortical membranes. GTS inhibited the binding of [3H] Rp 15-1788 on the benzodiazepine receptor. Among from TS fractions, the binding activity of GTS in the TS Fr.-IV was highest, which did not show the anxiolytic activity. From these results, we conclude that GTS has anxiolytic action, and the is not related to benzodiazepine receptor binding activity.
Animals ; Anti-Anxiety Agents* ; Central Nervous System ; Diazepam ; Medicine, Traditional ; Membranes ; Mice ; Panax* ; Rats ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Saponins* ; Synaptic Transmission

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the wear and survival rates of third-generation ceramic heads on a conventional ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene liner. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 hips (147 patients with a mean age of 55.9 years) who underwent total hip arthroplasty using the third-generation ceramic head on a conventional polyethylene liner from March 1998 to August 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Evaluation of the wear rate for 56 hips (49 patients) followed-up for at least 15 years was performed using the PolyWare program version 8 (Draftware Developers, USA). The Kaplan–Meier survivorship was also evaluated. Results: Linear wear and volumetric wear rates were 0.11±0.47 mm/year and 32.75±24.50 mm 3 /year, respectively. Nine revisions were performed during the follow-up period because of cup or stem loosening. The Kaplan–Meier survival rate, using cup revision or total revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) as the endpoint of analysis, was 93.7% at 15 years and 73.6% at 20 years. Conclusion Because all revisions were performed between 15 and 20 years in our study, surgeons should pay greater attention to patients who underwent THA with ceramic-on-polyethylene bearing from 15 years postoperatively. Contemporary alumina ceramic on highly cross-linked polyethylene could certainly be a good alternative bearing couple providing better longevity.

Purpose : Early colorectal cancer is defined as the depth of tumor invasion limited to mucosa or submucosa regardless of the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis. We performed a retrospective study to determine the chronological changes in frequencies of early colorectal cancer and clinicopathologic differences between early colorectal cancer (ECC) and advanced colorectal cancer (ACC). Methods : We reviewed hospital records of the patients with colorectal cancer operated between January 1990 and December 1995. We classified the patients into two groups, ECC and ACC, according to the depth of tumor invasion and compared the clinicopathologic characteristics. Results : Fifty eight patients (5.2%) were diagnosed with early colorectal cancer among 1113 colorectal cancer patients operated at the same period. The frequency of ECC has increased from 1.9% in 1970~1989 to 5.2% in 1990~1995. The average age of patients with ECC at the time of surgery was 55.8 compared to 56.5 for patients with ACC group (p>0.05). Most patients (72.4%) with ECC had bleeding symptoms and majority of the ECCs were located in the rectum (72.4%). The mean size of tumors was 2.6 cm in its greatest diameter and was significantly smaller than that of ACC (5.7 cm). Compared to ACC, ECC had better histologic differentiation and fewer lymph node metastases (p<0.05). Thirty six of the ECC patients underwent bowel resection and remaining 22 underwent local excision. After a mean follow up period of 39.1 months (range 2~81months), recurrence was detected in one case. There was no death during the follow up period. Conclusion : The frequency of ECC has increased recently. Compared to patients with ACC, patients with ECC had more favorable clinicopathologic characteristics and better outcome. In selected patients, minimal operation can be applied without compromising the clinical outcome.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rectum ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

The authors studied obsession, using Derogatis'SCL-90, and lie tendency using MMPI, in the subjects of 2586 male and 1206 female college freshmen of Yeungnam University. The authors collected the reports of self-rating Obsession scale and Lie scale during the periods from January to February, 1988, and applied ANOVA and t-test on obsession and lie scores in order to compare than between various psychosocial factor, and sexes. The results as follows: 1. There was not significant difference in the mean average of total obsession scores between male and female students: male students scored 10.26±5.21 m female students scored 10.54±5.01. 2. High scored items were doubting, indecisiveness, inattention, obsessive thoughts and preoccupation with accuracy. 3. 37 male students (1.4%) showed high obsession scores of 25 or higher, while 9 female students (0.7%) showed the same scores. 4. There was strong tendency toward higher obsession scores in the students who were dissatisfied with their home atmosphere, college, department and familiarity of parents and those who had pessimistic view of self in the past, present of future in both group (respectively P<0.001). The male students who attended the department of fine arts, who grew at the Up& Whose educational fees were paid by brothers & sisters showed higher level of obsession scores (respectively P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.01). The female students who grew at the Myun & who were self-cook showed higher level of obsession scores (respectively P<0.05). 5. There was not significant difference in the mean averages of total lie scores between male and female students: male students scored 4.73±2.49, female students scored 4.70±2.16. 6. High scored items were NO. 14, 8, 11, 9 and 1 in the table 6. 7. 98 male students (3.7%) showed high lie scores of 70 or high, while 27 female students (2.2%) showed the same scores. 8. There was strong tendency toward higher lie scores in the students who were satisfied with their home atmosphere, college, department and familiarity of parents and those who had optimistic view of self in the past, present or future in both group(respectively P<0.001). The students who attended the department of pharmacy, music, evening programs showed higher level of lie scores (P<0.05).
Atmosphere ; Fees and Charges ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; MMPI ; Music ; Obsessive Behavior ; Parents ; Pharmacy ; Psychology ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Siblings

BACKGROUND: The cornified cell envelope (CE) is a unique structure found in the terminal differentiation of the skin. The precursor proteins of the CE are composed of many candidate structural proteins, among which invalucrin and filaggrin are important ones to participate in the complicated process of forming, the complex structure. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of expression of involucrin and filaggrin as markers of terminal differentiation in various skin disorders including tumors. METHODS: Immunohistochemical studies were performed in the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin samples of non-tumors (41 cases) and tumors (43 cases).
Skin*

The face and notably the lips are important structures not only of aestheticvalue but also for expression, vibrancy and vitality. Sometimes we are encountered with the functional and aesthtetic lip problems especially in the patients with mandibular prognathism, such as excessive vermilion exposure, lip incompetence and hyperactivity of mentalis muscle. The etiologic factors are usually related to excessive anterior facial height, secondary to the abnormal development of perioral muscle, salivary gland and the swelling of lymphatic gland. Sometimes orthognathic surgery (mandibular setback osteotomy) alone is not accepted regarding to aesthetic value, there is likely to be a corresponding interest in adjunctive procedures such as genioplasty and soft tissue procedures. This article urges the incorporation of reduction cheiloplasty. It is a relatively minor procedure that can be easily reproducible and yields excellent, predictatable results with few complications. We treated two patients who have excessive vermilion exposure and marked abnormal lip eversion using reduction cheiloplasty combined with mandibular setback osteotomy, followed by improved facial harmony and patients were pleased.
Genioplasty ; Humans ; Lip ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Osteotomy* ; Prognathism ; Salivary Glands

No abstract available.
Laryngectomy* ; Lung*

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Tissue Culture Medium 199 (TCM) and Dulecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) on the blastulation and grade of human oocytes on Vero cells in vitro. A cohort of 79 and 93 oocytes in metaphase II stage were used in TCM 199 and DMEM respectively. No differences were found in the nurser of oocytes showing two-pronuclei between TCM (82.3%) and DMEM (86.0%). The number of fertilized oocytes reaching the blastocyst was not significant in TCM (60.0%) and DMEM (63.1%).4 total of 89 blastocysts were categorized into the four grades (BG1, BG2, BG3 and early) depending on their morphology. The number of embryos achieving the blastocyst grade 1 (BG1) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in DMEM (50.8%) than TCM (15.0%). It is concluded that cultured oocytes in DMEM with glutamine on Vero cells should be significantly increased BG1.
Blastocyst ; Cohort Studies ; Eagles ; Embryonic Structures* ; Glutamine* ; Humans* ; Metaphase ; Oocytes ; Vero Cells*