Objective To understand the cigarette consumption of Guangzhou residents and its influencing factors. Method The stratified random sampling was adopted and the selected families were visited by trained investigators with questionnaire from April to August in 2004. Results 27718 residents over 15 years old were investigated. The smoking rate was 22.7%, and 46.2% for male and 2.0% for female. The currently smoking rate was 19.9% (male 40.5% and female 1.6%). The currently smokers lighted up their first cigarette when they were 20 years old in median and their consumption were averagely 14.3 sticks everyday. 13.1% smokers tried to quit smoking. 9.4% people who once gave up cigarette picked it up again. The Logistic Stepwise Regression analysis showed sex (OR=0.022, 95%CI: 0.019~0.026), education (OR=0.697, 95%CI: 0.659~0.737), family income(OR=0.975, 95%CI: 0.955~0.995)and alcohol drinking(OR=2.687, 95%CI: 2.467~2.927)were found to be the influencing factors for individual smoking. Conclusion The resident smoking rate was lower in Guangzhou than that in Guangdong province or in China but it was still very higher. The most smokers were male and little of them quitted smoking. The tobacco control should be enhanced.