Objective To observe the changes of autoflurorescence (AF) in periphery retina after scleral buckling.Methods The examination of peripheral fundus autoflurorescence with Optos 200Tx was performed in 46 patients (46 eyes) who underwent successful scleral buckling. The correlation between changes of AF in surgical area and visual function were analyzed by multiple linear stepwise regression analysis. Results One week after surgery, completely atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with disappeared AF was found in the cryotherapy area of 15 eyes (32.6%), uneven area with enhanced AF and scattered weak AF spots was found in 31 eyes (67.4%). The area of RPE atrophy caused by cryocoagulation was 4 times larger than that of the primary retinal tear or holes in 9 eyes (19.6%), and was 2 to 4 times larger in 11 eyes (23.9%), and was 2 times less in the rest of 26 eyes (56.5%). A few granular hyper-AF was observed at the compressed retinal area in 11 eyes (23.9%), normal AF was observed at the compressed retinal area in 35 eyes (76.9%). When α = 0.05, the area with AF changes was significantly correlated with both vertical and horizontal diameter of peripheral visual filed (β=-0.024,-0.019; P＜0.001), but was not correlated with the best corrected visual acuity (F=51.22, P=0.312)by multiple linear stepwise regression analysis. Conclusions SBS can cause peripherial AF changes.Peripheral AF examination is helpful to evaluate the surgical retinal damage of scleral buckling.