AIM: To establish HPLC fingerprint chromatogram of leaves of Hawthorn and to evaluate the constituents and to provide the basis for identification. METHODS: Leaves of Hawthorn come from 10 production places were analysed to gain its contents,such as Vitexin,Hyperoside,2″-O-Rhamnosylvitexin,Rutin,4-O-Rhamnosylrutin,Chlorogenic acid,Quercetin 3-O-?-glucoside,4-O-Glucosylvitexiu,and internal reference selected Chlorogenic acid. RESULTS: The different leaves of Hawthorn showed different HPLC chromatogram. CONCLUSION: HPLC chromatogram can be used to distinguish the leaves of different species of Hawthorn and the content of the main characteristic components are various as production places vary.

Objective To research the effect of atractylodes macrocephala koidz on immune function of tumor-bearing mice.Methods With S_ 180 bearing C_ 57 BL/6 mice as model.Effects of atractylodes macrocephala koidz on tumor weight and immunological function of spleen were cells systematically investigated.Results Atractylodes macrocephala koidz could obviously restore immune function of tumor-bearing mice reduced by chemiotherapy,promote proliferation of activated T cell and interleukin-2(IL-2) levels of tumor-bearing mice.Conclusion Atractylodes macrocephala koidz can reverse the immunological inhibition caused by tumor antigen and chemiotherapy.

AIM: To develop a simple HPLC for the determination of ursolic acid in Hawthorn leaves, and to compare ursolic acid content in Hawthorn leaves of different species, locations and growth stages, so as to supply some evidences for the exploitation and utilization of Hawthorn leaves reasonably. METHODS: By high-performance liquid chromatography method. Lichrospher C18 column (250 ×4.6 mm I. D. 5 μm); mobile phase, acetonitrile-water-orthophosphoric acid (85: 14.95: 0.05) with a flow-rate of 1.00 ml/min; column temperature at 30 ℃; injection volume, 5μl; UV detector at 210 nm. RESULTS: The detection limit (S/N=3) was less than 4. 024 μg/ml and the limit of quantification( S/N =10) was less than 12.05 μg/ml. The calibration curve showed good linear regression(r =0. 9999) within measurement ranges( 16.09 - 1030 μg/ml). The intra-day and interday variation were 0.71% and 6. 15%, respectively. The recoveries at low to high concentration were 89%-105%. Under these conditions, the ursolic acid content in different Hawthorn leaves were determined: 1.90%-1.95% in C. scabrifolia (Franch.) Rehd, 1.00%-1.45% in C. cuneata Sieb. & Zucc, 0.45%-0.65% in C.pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Br.; In differnet growth stages of C. pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Br. , the young leaves contain higher content of ursolic acid. CONCLUSION: The method is successfully applied to quantify ursolic acid in Hawthorn leaves. And the ursolic acid contents in Hawthorn leaves of differnent species are very different; C. scabrifolia (Franch.) Rehd contains the highest ursolic acid content in them. However, there is a little difference among different locations and growth stages for same species.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of foramen magnum decompression alone and foramen magnum decompression + Syrinx-shunt in the treatment of Chiari anomalies with syringomyelia.Methods Forty-nine Chiari anomalies with syringomyelia patients were selected,28 patients performed foramen magnum decompression alone (surgical method Ⅰ group),21 patients performed foramen magnum decompression + Syrinx-shunt (surgical method Ⅱ group).The treatment efficacy was evaluated by postoperative clinical effect and MRI review.Results In surgical method Ⅰ group,effective in 18 cases,invalid in 10 cases,the effective rate was 64.3％ (18/28).In surgical method Ⅱ group,effective in 19 cases,invalid in 2 cases,the effective rate was 90.5％(19/21).There was statistical difference (x2 =4.45,P =0.034).Conclusion Foramen magnum decompression + Syrinx-shunt is effective in the treatment of Chiari anomalies with syringomyelia,which is applicable for these patients and has a more precise consequence than foramen magnum decompression alone.

Objective:To investigate the damage effect of bisphenol A (BPA)on the testis tissue of adult mice, and to reveal the reproductive toxicity of BPA in the body of animal and mechanism.Methods:40 KM mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into control group (according to the weight ratio of corn oil gavage), low dose of BPA group (100 mg·kg-1BPA),moderate dose of BPA group (200 mg·kg-1 BPA),and high dose of BPA group (400 mg·kg-1 BPA).4 weeks laster,the testis tissue was taken.The apoptotic rates in the testis tissue were detected by flow cytometry;the distribution and expression of Fas and FADD were measured by immunohistochemistry.Results:Compared with control group,the apoptotic rate,the expression rates of Fas and FADD in testis tissue of the mice in low dose of BAP group had no changes (P>0.05),while the apoptotic rates in the testis tissue and the positive expressions rates of Fas and FADD in moderate and high doses of BPA groups were increased (P<0.05).Compared with low dose of BPA group,the apoptotic rates and the positive expression rates of FAS and FADD in tests tissue of the mice in moderate and high doses of BPA groups were significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with moderate dose of BPA group,the apoptotic rate and the positive expression rates of FAS and FADD in testis tissue of the mice in high dose of BPA group was significantly increased (P<0.05).The overexpression of Fas and FADD was positively correlated to the apoptotic rate in testis tissue in moderate dose of BPA group (r=0.430,P<0.05;r=0.238,P<0.01)and high dose of BPA group (r=0.637,P<0.01;r=0.359,P<0.01).Conclusion:BPA with content dose can increase the apoptotic rates of cells in testis tissue and the expressions of Fas and FADD.BPA’s reproductive toxicity may be closely associated with the activation of Fas signal pathway and resulting in massive apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations and distribution characteristics of dry eye patients with ocular discomfort symptoms in Jilin Province, and to analyze the relationship between the risk factors associated with dry eye and its severity. Methods:The secondary or tertiary hospitals in Jilin Province were randomly selected and used as screening bases from July 2014 to August 2015.1 173 people initiative to the hospital for eye examinations after publicity were selected.Questionnaire was used to collect the subjective symptoms of dry eye.The breakup time(BUT) of tear film, corneal fluorescein staining, meibomian gland and tear secretion were examined and the detection rate and risk factors of dry eye of the dry eye patients with different clinical characteristics were analyzed.Results: A total of 1 122 people was actually surveyed, 896 individuals were diagnosed as dry eye, and the prevalence rate was 79.8%. The prevalence rate of the females was higher than of the males(χ2 =4.070,P<0.05).The prevalence of dry eye between different ages was statistically significant(χ2 =61.547,P<0.05).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that the age ≥40 years (40-49 years,OR =6.313,95% CI: 3.498-11.393;50-59 years,OR =6.919,95% CI: 3.876-12.351;60-69 years,OR =5.175,95% CI: 2.650-10.104;over 70 years,OR =9.508,95% CI: 3.608-25.061), moderate grade of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD) (OR =2.123,95% CI: 1.186-3.803), and the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (OR =2.186,95% CI: 1.098-4.353) and eye surgery (OR =3.692,95% CI: 1.204-11.323) were the risk factors for dry eye. While the occupation of farmer was a protective factor for dry eye (OR =0.351, 95% CI: 0.135-0.917).Conclusion:Age, occupation, MGD grade, rheumatoid arthritis and eye surgery history affect the occurrence of dry eye to a certain extent. So enough attention and appropriate health guidance should be given to reduce the incidence of dry eye.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a kind of highly aggressive and rare extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and the treatment effect and survival prognosis of these patients are still not satisfied. In recent years, domestic and foreign researchers have devoted themselves to find more effective prognostic indicators from clinical hematological indicators, as well as gene and protein levels, so as to guide the diagnosis and treatment of PCNSL more accurately in clinical practice and improve the prognosis of PCNSL patients to a greater extent. This paper provides a review of such studies by reviewing PubMed.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of levo-corydalmine(l-CDL)on chronic constrictive injury(CCI)-induced neuropathic pain and central sensitization in spinal cord. The mechanical withdrawal threshold in rats was assessed by Von-Frey fibers and the thermal withdrawal latency was assessed by thermal stimulus apparatus. The level of phosphorylated N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 1(NR1)in L4-L6 spinal cord was analyzed by immunoblotting and the expression of calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)and c-fos in spinal cord dorsal horn were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Results showed that l-CDL(7. 5, 15, 30 mg/kg, ig)inhibited CCI-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner. l-CDL significantly inhibited the up-regulation of p-NR1, c-fos and CGRP in CCI rats without tolerance. In conclusion, l-CDL has a good relieving effect on central sensitization in spinal cord, thus generating outstanding analgesic activity on CCI-induced neuropathic pain.

Objective: To investigate the application and therapeutic effect of external tissue expansion-assisted autologous fat grafting for delayed breast reconstruction. Methods: Patients began wearing the BRAVA negative pressure system 8 hours a day for recipient tissue expansion for one month before the fat grafting procedure. After fat grafting, BRAVA was recommended to be worn 8 hours a day from postoperative 48 hours to one month. The interval of each fat grafting procedure was 2.5 to 3.0 months. The procedures were repeated until the completion of breast reconstruction. Water-jet assisted liposuction and subcutaneous release of scars were also performed during surgery. Results: From January 2013 to November 2016, 29 patients were followed up for 12 to 58 months, with average of 31.6 months. 28 patients completed the external tissue expansion-assisted autologous fat grafting breast reconstruction. Completion required 1 to 6 procedures, with average of 3.4 procedures. The total initial fat fill volume for each breast was ranged from 200 to 1 000 ml, with average of 583.7 ml. The initial fat fill volume for each breast was ranged from 92.5 to 243.7 ml per operation, with average of 173.8 ml. One patient underwent latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap breast reconstruction after 3 fat grafting procedures. 8 patients completed the inframammary fold reconstruction, 3 patients underwent breast lift, 1 patient underwent lipofilling augmentation for the contralateral side. Postoperative satisfaction rate was 82.8% in patients and 75.9% in surgeon. Complication statistics: 5 cases of palpable nodules which recognized as fat necrosis (17.2%), one case of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (3.4%) and one case of locoregional cancer recurrence (3.4%). Conclusions External tissue expansion-assisted autologous fat grafting is a minimally invasive procedure for breast reconstruction. Satisfactory results could be obtained for most of the patients who would like to choose fat grafting and have enough fat deposit in other parts of the body.

Objective: To propose a classification method and explore the indications and technical tips of the pedicled deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEAP) flap. Methods: From July 2005 to December 2017, 18 patients underwent soft-tissue defect repairment using the pedicled DIEAP flap. The defect locations included abdomen (n=6), iliolumbar region (n=2), perineum (n=4), and proximal thigh (n=6). The flaps were divided into two types. The type Ⅰ flap were further subdivided into two subtypes. The type Ⅰa flap was solely based on the DIEAP. The type Ⅰb flap was also based on the DIEAP, however, the main trunk of the deep inferior epigastric vessels needs to be divided to further improve the pedicle length. The type Ⅱ flap was the traditional pedicled DIEAP flap. Results: Twenty flaps were included in this series. The mean flap size and pedicle length of the 4 flaps in type Ⅰa were 19.0 cm× 6.5 cm and 2.88 cm respectively. The rotation angles were 60 degrees (n=1), 120 degrees (n=1), and 180 degrees (n=2). The 3 flaps of type Ⅰb was 26 cm × 6 cm, 20 cm × 5 cm and 24 cm × 7 cm in size, and the pedicle lengths of them were 6 cm, 7 cm and 7 cm, respectively. All flaps in this subtype were rotated by 180 degrees. The mean flap size and pedicle length of the 13 type Ⅱ flaps were 21.46 cm × 9.38 cm and 11.08 cm. 17 flaps completely survived postoperatively. Small-sized necrosis of the distal portion of the flap occurred in 3 flaps. All patients were followed up for 6 months to 5 years, with the averaged 11 months follow-up time. All patients were satisfied with the final outcomes. Tumor recurrence was not noticed for the oncological patients. Conclusions The pedicled DIEAP flap has remarkable versatility in the defect repairment for the regions including abdomen, iliolumbar region, proximal thigh, and perineal region. Combining with the " propeller flap" concept, the clinical application of pedicled DIEAP flap could be further expanded. The pedicled DIEAP flap is a reliable reconstructive method for defect repairment in abdominal and iliolumbar regions.